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Astaxanthin has demonstrated the ability to alleviate inflammation-induced myocardial damage while maintaining a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. This study investigates the cardioprotective potential of astaxanthin (ASX), particularly when encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. The study involved 48 rats separated into 6 groups. ASX and Nano-ASX (5\u00a0mg\/kg) were administrated orally for 21 days before MI induction (isoprenaline, 85\u00a0mg\/kg, subcutaneously). Blood and cardiac tissue samples were taken 24\u00a0h following the last isoprenaline injection for biochemical and histopathological investigation. The findings reveal that nano-formulated ASX significantly reduces oxidative stress and cardiac injury markers, including CK-MB, Troponin-I, and LDH. Additionally, it enhances antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH, GPx, and GSH-RD) and decreases inflammatory markers (COX-2 and VEGF). The study further demonstrates that nano-ASX stimulates autophagy by upregulating critical genes such as Beclin-1, ULK1, and LC3B, which are vital for cardiac protection and repair. Histological analysis confirms these biochemical outcomes, showing reduced myocardial damage and inflammation in the nano-ASX-treated groups. This study concludes the potential of ASX nano-formulations as an advanced therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction, leveraging improved bioavailability and targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-06206-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T10:52:51Z","timestamp":1750416771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Nano Astaxanthin ameliorates myocardial infarction in rats through autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Aliaa M.","family":"Radwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar Gaber","family":"Shaybob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Tousson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maher A","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek M.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"6206_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03231-w","volume":"23","author":"N Salari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salari, N. et al. 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