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In this study, the aroma profiles of wrapper and filler CTLs from three varieties, respectively, and filler CTLs from four origins were analyzed, and the bacterial and fungal communities of these CTLs and their correlation with aroma constituents were explored. The results showed that ketones and nitrogen heterocycles were dominant in wrapper and filler CTLs of different varieties and filler CTLs from different origins, their proportions in different CTLs were 22.34\u201358.28% and 19.45\u201353.62%, respectively. There were significant differences in the varieties and contents of aroma constituents in CTLs of different varieties and origins, which showed obvious variety and origin specificity. For example, the contents of aldehydes (92.24\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg), ketones (1553.00\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg), and alkenes (227.14\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg) in the wrapper variety of AQ2 increased significantly, the contents of ketones (2027.21\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg), alkenes (219.98\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg), and total aroma constituents (4262.60\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg) in the filler variety of QDQX2 increased, and the contents of ketones, nitrogen heterocycles, alkenes, and total aroma constituents in the origin of FXQX1 increased, which increased by 0.29\u20130.84, 0.44\u20130.96, 0.22\u20137.19, and 0.34\u20130.65 times. Besides, the microbial community diversity and structure were significantly affected by varieties and origins. There were obvious differences in the \u03b1- and \u03b2-diversity of microbial communities in different varieties and origins of CTLs. Varieties have little effect on the bacterial communities of wrapper and filler CTLs, and only the abundances of the dominant\n                    <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (45.78\u201355.34% of wrapper and 29.97\u201360.90% of filler) and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (15.16\u201334.60% of wrapper and 22.12\u201346.70% of filler) were different, but there were significant differences in the composition and abundance of the fungal community. Different from the influence of varieties, the composition and abundance of bacterial communities were significantly changed by the origins, while only the abundances of the dominant\n                    <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    (6.45\u201346.73%),\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5.72\u201332.24%),\n                    <jats:italic>Wallemia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (11.80\u201324.84%), and\n                    <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1.12\u201310.89%) in the fungal community were different. Correlation analyses showed that different bacterial and fungal communities synergistically contributed to the formation of aroma profiles of CTLs, and the microbial communities contributing to the formation of aroma profiles were obviously different among wrapper and filler varieties and filler origins.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07310-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T11:50:47Z","timestamp":1752580247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characterization of aroma profiles and microbial communities of cigar tobacco leaves from different varieties and origins and their correlations analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhaoliang","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huajun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuokuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongjing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beisen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7310_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051408","volume":"24","author":"CD Delnevo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Delnevo, C. 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Authors Zhuokuan Tang and Wenhui Zhu are employed by Hainan Hongta Cigarette Company Limited. Authors Qi Li and Xianwei Hao are employed by China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Company Limited. Authors Zelin He and Jian Liu are employed by the Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. There are no personal financial interests (stocks or shares, consultation fees or other forms of remuneration, patents or patent applications) that may gain or lose financially through publication. This study received funding from China National Tobacco Corporation, Hainan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Beijing Life Science Academy Company Limited, Hunan Tobacco Company Chenzhou Company, and China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Company Limited. The funders are not involved in conceptualization, design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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