{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:59:14Z","timestamp":1792137554903,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The field work associated with the paper was sponsored by UAS Zinder and other expenses, including molecular analyses, were privately sponsored."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07389-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T23:42:12Z","timestamp":1751413332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["First detection and entomological characterisation of invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in sympatry with other vectors in Gayi Southern Niger Republic"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lamine M.","family":"Moustapha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoul-Nasser H.","family":"Sanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad M.","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullahi","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadizat K.","family":"Einoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf Y.","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaibu","family":"Adamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tidjani M.","family":"Moudalabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Y.","family":"Lawali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al-hadji D.","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadiza","family":"Soumaila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Adehossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maman L.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamadou","family":"Doutchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman S.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"7389_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinka, M. E. et al. A new malaria vector in Africa: Predicting the expansion range of Anopheles stephensi and identifying the urban populations at risk. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 117, 24900\u201324908 (2020).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003976117"},{"key":"7389_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.06.016","volume":"139","author":"MK Faulde","year":"2014","unstructured":"Faulde, M. K., Rueda, L. M. & Khaireh, B. A. First record of the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and its possible role in the resurgence of malaria in djibouti, Horn of Africa. Acta Trop. 139, 39\u201343 (2014).","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"7389_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.09.001","volume":"188","author":"TE Carter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carter, T. E. et al. First detection of Anopheles stephensi liston, 1901 (Diptera: culicidae) in Ethiopia using molecular and morphological approaches. Acta Trop. 188, 180\u2013186 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"7389_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05074-w","volume":"14","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed, A., Khogali, R., Elnour, M. A. B., Nakao, R. & Salim, B. Correction to: Emergence of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Khartoum state, central Sudan. Parasit. Vectors. 14, 562 (2021).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"7389_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05026-4","volume":"14","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed, A., Khogali, R., Elnour, M. A. B., Nakao, R. & Salim, B. Emergence of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Khartoum state, central Sudan. Parasit. Vectors. 14, 511 (2021).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"7389_CR6","volume-title":"Africa, 2023 Update","author":"WHO","year":"2023","unstructured":"WHO WHO initiative to stop the spread of Anopheles stephensi. In Africa, 2023 Update Vol. 4 (World Health Organization, 2023)."},{"key":"7389_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05339-y","volume":"15","author":"S Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali, S., Samake, J. N., Spear, J. & Carter, T. E. Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland. Parasit. Vectors. 15, 247 (2022).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"7389_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Afrane, Y. A. et al. First detection of Anopheles stephensi in Ghana using molecular surveillance. bioRxiv 2023.12.01.569589.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.12.01.569589 (2023).","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.12.01.569589"},{"key":"7389_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2912.230637","volume":"29","author":"E Ochomo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ochomo, E. et al. Detection of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes by molecular surveillance, Kenya. Emerg. Infect. Dis. J. 29, 2498 (2023).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"7389_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-210","volume":"4","author":"ME Sinka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sinka, M. E. et al. Correction: The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic pr\u00e9cis. Parasit. Vectors. 4, 210 (2011).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"7389_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-1","volume":"3","author":"ME Sinka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sinka, M. E. et al. The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic pr\u00e9cis. Parasit. Vectors. 3, 1\u201326 (2010).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"7389_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whittaker, C. et al. Seasonal dynamics of Anopheles stephensi and its implications for mosquito detection and emergent malaria control in the Horn of Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 120, e2216142120 (2023).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2216142120"},{"key":"7389_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03801-3","volume":"20","author":"M Balkew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balkew, M. et al. An update on the distribution, bionomics, and insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi in ethiopia, 2018\u20132020. Malar. J. 20, 263 (2021).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"7389_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03852-6","volume":"20","author":"M Balkew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balkew, M. et al. Correction to: An update on the distribution, bionomics, and insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi in ethiopia, 2018\u20132020. Malar. J. 20, 331 (2021).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"7389_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78072-4","volume":"14","author":"JN Samake","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samake, J. N., Yared, S., Hassen, M. A., Zohdy, S. & Carter, T. E. Insecticide resistance and population structure of the invasive malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, from fiq, Ethiopia. Sci. Rep. 14, 27516 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"7389_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03252-2","volume":"19","author":"S Yared","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yared, S. et al. Insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi in Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia. Malar. J. 19, 180 (2020).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"7389_CR17","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report 2023 (World Health Organization, 2023)."},{"key":"7389_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2812-0","volume":"18","author":"SS Ibrahim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ibrahim, S. S. et al. High Plasmodium infection and multiple insecticide resistance in a major malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii from Sahel of Niger Republic. Malar. J. 18, 181 (2019).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"7389_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01011.x","volume":"26","author":"R Labbo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Labbo, R. et al. Longitudinal follow-up of malaria transmission dynamics in two villages in a Sahelian area of Niger during a nationwide insecticide-treated Bednet distribution programme. Med. Vet. Entomol. 26, 386\u2013395 (2012).","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"7389_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-06059-7","volume":"17","author":"LM Moustapha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moustapha, L. M. et al. First identification of Microsporidia MB in Anopheles coluzzii from Zinder city, Niger. Parasit. Vectors. 17, 39 (2024).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"7389_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garba, M. N. et al. Circulation of Non-falciparum species in niger: implications for malaria diagnosis. Open. Forum Infect. Dis. ofae474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae474 (2024).","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae474"},{"key":"7389_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05293-9","volume":"15","author":"E Waymire","year":"2022","unstructured":"Waymire, E. et al. Wolbachia 16S rRNA haplotypes detected in wild Anopheles stephensi in Eastern Ethiopia. Parasit. Vectors. 15, 178 (2022).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"7389_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0253173","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253173","volume":"16","author":"S Mishra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mishra, S., Sharma, G., Das, M. K., Pande, V. & Singh, O. P. Intragenomic sequence variations in the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) ribosomal DNA of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. PLOS ONE. 16, e0253173 (2021).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"7389_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02483-7","volume":"400","author":"U Samarasekera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samarasekera, U. A missed opportunity? Anopheles stephensi in Africa. Lancet 400, 1914\u20131915 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7389_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2706.204557","volume":"27","author":"VP de Santi","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Santi, V. P. et al. Role of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes in malaria outbreak, djibouti, 2019. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 27, 1697\u20131700 (2021).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"7389_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95814-0","volume":"15","author":"H Acford-Palmer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Acford-Palmer, H. et al. Genome wide population genetics and molecular surveillance of insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes from Awash Sebat Kilo in Ethiopia. Sci. Rep. 15, 16443 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"7389_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1764-5","volume":"16","author":"S Thomas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas, S. et al. Resting and feeding preferences of Anopheles stephensi in an urban setting, perennial for malaria. Malar. J. 16, 111 (2017).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"7389_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alomar, A. A. & Alto, B. W. Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901 (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). EDIS\u00a02022 (2023).","DOI":"10.32473\/edis-in1381-2022"},{"key":"7389_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11030409","volume":"11","author":"M Abubakr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abubakr, M. et al. The phylodynamic and spread of the invasive Asian malaria vectors, Anopheles stephensi, in Sudan. Biology 11, 409 (2022).","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"7389_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-3144-9","volume":"19","author":"M Coetzee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coetzee, M. Key to the females of Afrotropical Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Malar. J. 19, 70 (2020).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"7389_CR31","first-page":"131","volume":"2","author":"BP Das","year":"1990","unstructured":"Das, B. P., Rajagopal, R. & Akiyama, J. Pictorial key to the species of Indian anophline mosquitoes. Zoology 2, 131\u2013162 (1990).","journal-title":"Zoology"},{"key":"7389_CR32","first-page":"075","volume":"26","author":"R Reuben","year":"1994","unstructured":"Reuben, R., Tewari, S. C., Hiriyan, J. & Akiyama, J. Illustrated keys to species of Culex (Culex) associated with Japanese encephalitis in Southeast Asia. Mosq. Syst. 26, 075\u2013096 (1994).","journal-title":"Mosq. Syst."},{"key":"7389_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rueda, L. M. Pictorial keys for the identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with Dengue Virus Transmission. Zootaxa 589\u00a0(2004).","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.589.1.1"},{"key":"7389_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/107.4.611","volume":"107","author":"KJ Livak","year":"1984","unstructured":"Livak, K. J. Organization and mapping of a sequence on the Drosophila melanogaster X and Y chromosomes that is transcribed during spermatogenesis. Genetics 107, 611\u2013634 (1984).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"7389_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-163","volume":"7","author":"F Santolamazza","year":"2008","unstructured":"Santolamazza, F. et al. Insertion polymorphisms of SINE200 retrotransposons within speciation Islands of Anopheles gambiae molecular forms. Malar. J. 7, 163 (2008).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"7389_CR36","unstructured":"Folmer, O., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar. Biol. Biotechnol 294\u2013299 (1994)."},{"key":"7389_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2901.220786","volume":"29","author":"O Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh, O. et al. Molecular tools for early detection of invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Emerg. Infect. Dis. J. 29, 36 (2023).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"7389_CR38","unstructured":"Hall, T. A. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. in vol. 41, pp 95\u201398 (Oxford, 1999)."},{"key":"7389_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx248","volume":"34","author":"J Rozas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rozas, J. et al. DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 34, 3299\u20133302 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"7389_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","volume":"38","author":"K Tamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Mol. Biol. Evol. 38, 3022\u20133027 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"7389_CR41","unstructured":"WHO. A Toolkit for Integrated Vector Management in Sub-Saharan Africa (World Health Organization, 2016)."},{"key":"7389_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.267","volume":"76","author":"RJ Kent","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kent, R. J., Thuma, P. E., Mharakurwa, S., Norris, D. E. & Seasonality Blood feeding behavior, and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by Anopheles arabiensis after an extended drought in Southern Zambia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76, 267\u2013274 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"7389_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90077-B","volume":"61","author":"G Snounou","year":"1993","unstructured":"Snounou, G. et al. High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 61, 315\u2013320 (1993).","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07389-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07389-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07389-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T12:02:21Z","timestamp":1751803341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07389-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-07389-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study involves the collection and analysis of mosquito samples only. The project was approved by the Scientific Council of Universit\u00e9 Andr\u00e9 Salifou, Zinder, Niger Republic (Ref: N\u00b0000792 June 13, 2023).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"22647"}}