{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:17:00Z","timestamp":1793017020064,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A03025523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07563-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:58:27Z","timestamp":1751432307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modulation of vestibular function and receptor expression by experimental hypergravity in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jin Sil","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Kun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"7563_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cl\u00e9ment, G. Fundamentals of space medicine. 2nd ed. El Segundo, Calif. New York: published jointly by Microcosm Press ; Springer; xvii, 381 p. p. (2011).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9905-4"},{"key":"7563_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barratt, M. R. & Pool, S. L. Principles of clinical medicine for space flight. New York: Springer; xiv, 595 p. p. (2008).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-68164-1"},{"key":"7563_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150233","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2023.1150233","volume":"17","author":"A Khalid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khalid, A. et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological countermeasures to space motion sickness: a systematic review. Front. Neural Circuits. 17, 1150233 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"issue":"11","key":"7563_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1177\/014107687807101109","volume":"71","author":"JT Reason","year":"1978","unstructured":"Reason, J. T. Motion sickness adaptation: a neural mismatch model. J. R Soc. Med. 71 (11), 819\u2013829 (1978).","journal-title":"J. R Soc. Med."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"7563_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.07.019","volume":"129","author":"JF Golding","year":"2006","unstructured":"Golding, J. F. Motion sickness susceptibility. Auton. Neurosci. 129 (1\u20132), 67\u201376 (2006).","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"7563_CR6","first-page":"562","volume":"65","author":"AB Newberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Newberg, A. B. Changes in the central nervous system and their clinical correlates during long-term spaceflight. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 65 (6), 562\u2013572 (1994).","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"7563_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760313","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.760313","volume":"15","author":"J Carriot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carriot, J., Mackrous, I. & Cullen, K. E. Challenges to the vestibular system in space: how the brain responds and adapts to microgravity. Front. Neural Circuits. 15, 760313 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"issue":"3","key":"7563_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.12.001","volume":"35","author":"KE Cullen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cullen, K. E. The vestibular system: multimodal integration and encoding of self-motion for motor control. Trends Neurosci. 35 (3), 185\u2013196 (2012).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"7563_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawao, N. et al. The vestibular system is critical for the changes in muscle and bone induced by hypergravity in mice. Physiol. Rep. 4(19):e12979 (2016).","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12979"},{"key":"7563_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748121","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/748121","volume":"2015","author":"GG Genchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Genchi, G. G. et al. Hypergravity stimulation enhances PC12 neuron-like cell differentiation. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015, 748121 (2015).","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"7563_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128846","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128846","volume":"10","author":"S Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou, S., Zu, Y., Sun, Z., Zhuang, F. & Yang, C. Effects of hypergravity on osteopontin expression in osteoblasts. PLoS One. 10 (6), e0128846 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"7563_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72639-7","volume":"10","author":"J Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, J., Jang, D., Jeong, H., Kim, K. S. & Yang, S. Impairment of synaptic plasticity and novel object recognition in the hypergravity-exposed rats. Sci. Rep. 10 (1), 15813 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"7563_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.08.002","volume":"22","author":"K Mitani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mitani, K., Horii, A. & Kubo, T. Impaired Spatial learning after hypergravity exposure in rats. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 22 (1), 94\u2013100 (2004).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"7563_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61453-w","volume":"10","author":"W Noh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Noh, W., Lee, M., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. S. & Yang, S. Hypergravity induced disruption of cerebellar motor coordination. Sci. Rep. 10 (1), 4452 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"7563_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01282-X","volume":"336","author":"S Mandillo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mandillo, S. et al. Effects of acute and repeated daily exposure to hypergravity on Spatial learning in mice. Neurosci. Lett. 336 (3), 147\u2013150 (2003).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"7563_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2000-10605","volume":"10","author":"Y Uno","year":"2000","unstructured":"Uno, Y. et al. Effects of hypergravity on morphology and osteopontin expression in the rat otolith organs. J. Vestib. Res. 10 (6), 283\u2013289 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"7563_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03220-7","volume":"986","author":"A Nakagawa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nakagawa, A. et al. Fos induction in the amygdala by vestibular information during hypergravity stimulation. Brain Res. 986 (1\u20132), 114\u2013123 (2003).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"7563_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480802008173","volume":"129","author":"G Sato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sato, G. et al. Effects of hypergravity on Histamine H1 receptor mRNA expression in hypothalamus and brainstem of rats: implications for development of motion sickness. Acta Otolaryngol. 129 (1), 45\u201351 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"11","key":"7563_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(96)10050-X","volume":"17","author":"PF Smith","year":"1996","unstructured":"Smith, P. F. & Darlington, C. L. Recent advances in the Pharmacology of the vestibulo-ocular reflex system. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 17 (11), 421\u2013427 (1996).","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"7563_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0177833","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177833","volume":"12","author":"C Ishikawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ishikawa, C. et al. Effects of gravity changes on gene expression of BDNF and serotonin receptors in the mouse brain. PLoS One. 12 (6), e0177833 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"7563_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00933.x","volume":"81","author":"Y Uno","year":"2002","unstructured":"Uno, Y. et al. Quantitative changes in mRNA expression of glutamate receptors in the rat peripheral and central vestibular systems following hypergravity. J. Neurochem. 81 (6), 1308\u20131317 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem"},{"issue":"12","key":"7563_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07919.x","volume":"34","author":"M Bojados","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bojados, M. & Jamon, M. Exposure to hypergravity during specific developmental periods differentially affects metabolism and vestibular reactions in adult C57BL \/6j mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 34 (12), 2024\u20132034 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"7563_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(03)90392-9","volume":"32","author":"LL Bruce","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bruce, L. L. Adaptations of the vestibular system to short and long-term exposures to altered gravity. Adv. Space Res. 32 (8), 1533\u20131539 (2003).","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"7563_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(03)00069-5","volume":"143","author":"S Gaboyard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gaboyard, S., Sans, A. & Lehouelleur, J. Differential impact of hypergravity on maturating innervation in vestibular epithelia during rat development. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 143 (1), 15\u201323 (2003).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"7563_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2014.00011","volume":"8","author":"M Jamon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jamon, M. The development of vestibular system and related functions in mammals: impact of gravity. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 8, 11 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"7563_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(00)00279-3","volume":"52","author":"RJ Wubbels","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wubbels, R. J. & de Jong, H. A. Vestibular-induced behaviour of rats born and Raised in hypergravity. Brain Res. Bull. 52 (5), 349\u2013356 (2000).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"12","key":"7563_CR27","first-page":"1185","volume":"59","author":"JR Davis","year":"1988","unstructured":"Davis, J. R., Vanderploeg, J. M., Santy, P. A., Jennings, R. T. & Stewart, D. F. Space motion sickness during 24 flights of the space shuttle. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 59 (12), 1185\u20131189 (1988).","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"issue":"41","key":"7563_CR28","first-page":"687","volume":"115","author":"A Koch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koch, A. et al. The neurophysiology and treatment of motion sickness. Dtsch. Arztebl Int. 115 (41), 687\u2013696 (2018).","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"7563_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-140509","volume":"24","author":"R Jarisch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jarisch, R. et al. Impact of oral vitamin C on Histamine levels and seasickness. J. Vestib. Res. 24 (4), 281\u2013288 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"7563_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90205-4","volume":"79","author":"A Aiba","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aiba, A. et al. Deficient cerebellar long-term depression and impaired motor learning in mGluR1 mutant mice. Cell 79 (2), 377\u2013388 (1994).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"7563_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.09.008","volume":"465","author":"SK Ahn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ahn, S. K. et al. Colocalization of 5-HT1F receptor and calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat vestibular nuclei. Neurosci. Lett. 465 (2), 151\u2013156 (2009).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"7563_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01208.x","volume":"26","author":"JW Koo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koo, J. W. & Balaban, C. D. Serotonin-induced plasma extravasation in the murine inner ear: possible mechanism of migraine-associated inner ear dysfunction. Cephalalgia 26 (11), 1310\u20131319 (2006).","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"7563_CR33","first-page":"PI1","volume":"12","author":"DA Marcus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marcus, D. A. & Furman, J. M. Prevention of motion sickness with rizatriptan: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Med. Sci. Monit. 12 (1), PI1\u20137 (2006).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"issue":"4","key":"7563_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(02)00955-3","volume":"73","author":"FA Javid","year":"2002","unstructured":"Javid, F. A. & Naylor, R. J. The effect of serotonin and serotonin receptor antagonists on motion sickness in Suncus murinus. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 73 (4), 979\u2013989 (2002).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"7563_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200106130-00015","volume":"12","author":"QP Ma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ma, Q. P. Co-localization of 5-HT(1B\/1D\/1F) receptors and glutamate in trigeminal ganglia in rats. Neuroreport 12 (8), 1589\u20131591 (2001).","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"1","key":"7563_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.11004","volume":"469","author":"QH Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li, Q. H. et al. Unique expression patterns of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the rat brain during postnatal development: Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. J. Comp. Neurol. 469 (1), 128\u2013140 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07563-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07563-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07563-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:58:30Z","timestamp":1751432310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07563-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-07563-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23377"}}