{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:14:57Z","timestamp":1791944097307,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018556","name":"Science and Technology Program of Suzhou","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SKY2023207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKY2023207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018556","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07905-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T16:07:03Z","timestamp":1751386023000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Integrated plasma metabolomics and lipidomics profiling highlight distinctive signatures with hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"7905_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.016","volume":"14","author":"A Antonelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Antonelli, A., Ferrari, S. M., Corrado, A., Di Domenicantonio, A. & Fallahi, P. Autoimmune thyroid disorders. Autoimmun. Rev. 14, 174\u2013180 (2015).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"7905_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102649","volume":"19","author":"M Ralli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ralli, M. et al. Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: an update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation. Autoimmun. Rev. 19, 102649 (2020).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"7905_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01477-1","volume":"44","author":"AP Weetman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weetman, A. P. An update on the pathogenesis of hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 44, 883\u2013890 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"7905_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.101367","volume":"33","author":"F Ragusa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ragusa, F. et al. Hashimotos\u2019 thyroiditis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 33, 101367 (2019).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"7905_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046159","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1046159","volume":"13","author":"X Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang, X. et al. Serum metabolomic analysis in patients with hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 13, 1046159 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"7905_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0067","volume":"30","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Teng, efficacy and safety of Long-Term universal salt Iodization on thyroid disorders: epidemiological evidence from 31 provinces of Mainland China. Thyroid 30, 568\u2013579 (2020).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"7905_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879824","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.879824","volume":"13","author":"H Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng, H. et al. A global regulatory network for dysregulated gene expression and abnormal metabolic signaling in immune cells in the microenvironment of graves\u2019 disease and hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. Front. Immunol. 13, 879824 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"7905_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00868","volume":"10","author":"R Vukovic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vukovic, R. et al. Hashimoto thyroiditis and dyslipidemia in childhood: A review. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 10, 868 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"7905_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13946","volume":"90","author":"J Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song, J., Shan, Z., Mao, J. & Teng, W. Serum polyamine metabolic profile in autoimmune thyroid disease patients. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 90, 727\u2013736 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf)"},{"key":"7905_CR10","unstructured":"Braley-Mullen, H. & Yu, S. NOD.H-2h4 mice: an important and underutilized animal model of autoimmune thyroiditis and Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Adv. Immunol. 126 (2015)."},{"key":"7905_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0065","volume":"29","author":"C Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han, C. et al. Sphk1\/S1P\/S1PR1 signaling is involved in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients and NOD.H-2h4 mice. Thyroid 29, 700\u2013713 (2019).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"7905_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D622","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1062","volume":"50","author":"DS Wishart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wishart, D. S. et al. HMDB 5.0: the human metabolome database for 2022. Nucleic Acids Res. 50, D622\u2013D631 (2022).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"7905_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b04424","volume":"90","author":"C Guijas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guijas, C. et al. METLIN: A technology platform for identifying knowns and unknowns. Anal. Chem. 90, 3156\u20133164 (2018).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"7905_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17104","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.104","volume":"4","author":"Antiphospholipid syndrome","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antiphospholipid syndrome. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 4, 17104 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"7905_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3715","volume":"28","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanehisa, M. Toward Understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms. Protein Sci. 28, 1947\u20131951 (2019).","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"7905_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","volume":"28","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kanehisa, M. & Goto, S. KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 27\u201330 (2000).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"7905_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, Y. et al. Majorbio Cloud: A one-stop, comprehensive bioinformatic platform for multiomics analyses. Imeta 1, e12 (2022).","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.12"},{"key":"7905_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8830-8_12","volume":"49","author":"N Leitinger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leitinger, N. The role of phospholipid oxidation products in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: evidence from animal models and in humans. Subcell. Biochem. 49, 325\u2013350 (2008).","journal-title":"Subcell. Biochem."},{"key":"7905_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(200005)64:1<73::AID-AJH14>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"64","author":"D Nabriski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nabriski, D., Ellis, M., Ness-Abramof, R., Shapiro, M. & Shenkman, L. Autoimmune thyroid disease and antiphospholipid antibodies. Am. J. Hematol. 64, 73\u201375 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"7905_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20190083","volume":"64","author":"PC Calder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calder, P. C. Eicosanoids. Essays Biochem. 64, 423\u2013441 (2020).","journal-title":"Eicosanoids Essays Biochem."},{"key":"7905_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11351","volume":"490","author":"J von Moltke","year":"2012","unstructured":"von Moltke, J. et al. Rapid induction of inflammatory lipid mediators by the inflammasome in vivo. Nature 490, 107\u2013111 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7905_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401611","volume":"194","author":"NK Maier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maier, N. K., Leppla, S. H. & Moayeri, M. The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 inhibits the NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes. J. Immunol. 194, 2776\u20132785 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"7905_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3859","volume":"15","author":"EA Dennis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dennis, E. A. & Norris, P. C. Eicosanoid storm in infection and inflammation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 15, 511\u2013523 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"7905_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-7-30","volume":"7","author":"JL Flanagan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flanagan, J. L., Simmons, P. A., Vehige, J., Willcox, M. D. & Garrett, Q. Role of carnitine in disease. Nutr. Metab.. 7, 30 (2010).","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond)"},{"key":"7905_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0218","volume":"27","author":"M Al-Majdoub","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Majdoub, M., Lantz, M. & Sp\u00e9gel, P. Treatment of Swedish patients with graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism is associated with changes in acylcarnitine levels. Thyroid 27, 1109\u20131117 (2017).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"7905_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00822","volume":"11","author":"A Ottria","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ottria, A. et al. Fatty acid and carnitine metabolism are dysregulated in systemic sclerosis patients. Front. Immunol. 11, 822 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"7905_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.51154","volume":"11","author":"C Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. Metabolomic profiling reveals amino acid and carnitine alterations as metabolic signatures in psoriasis. Theranostics 11, 754\u2013767 (2021).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"7905_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.04.173","volume":"103","author":"A Zidan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zidan, A., Hedya, S. E., Elfeky, D. M. & Abdin, A. A. The possible anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects of acetyl l-carnitine as an add-on therapy on a relapsing-remitting model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. Biomed. Pharmacother. 103, 1302\u20131311 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"key":"7905_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15657","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15657","volume":"11","author":"Z Noormohammadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Noormohammadi, Z., Arghavani, H., Javanbakht, M. & Daneshpazhooh, M. Jalili, l-carnitine downregulate the muscle wasting effect of glucocorticoids in pemphigus patient: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Physiol. Rep. 11, e15657 (2023).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"7905_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13638","volume":"169","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. et al. AhR activation promotes Treg cell generation by enhancing Lkb1-mediated fatty acid oxidation via the Skp2\/K63-ubiquitination pathway. Immunology 169, 412\u2013430 (2023).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"7905_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.006","volume":"39","author":"N Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang, N. & Perl, A. Metabolism as a target for modulation in autoimmune diseases. Trends Immunol. 39, 562\u2013576 (2018).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"7905_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0032-5","volume":"18","author":"CH Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel, C. H., Leone, R. D., Horton, M. R. & Powell, J. D. Targeting metabolism to regulate immune responses in autoimmunity and cancer. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 18, 669\u2013688 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov"},{"key":"7905_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102894","volume":"19","author":"Z Pang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pang, Z. et al. Inhibitory effect of methotrexate on rheumatoid arthritis inflammation and comprehensive metabolomics analysis using Ultra-Performance liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole time of Flight-Mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q\/TOF-MS). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, 2894 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07905-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07905-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07905-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T16:07:04Z","timestamp":1751386024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07905-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-07905-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21081"}}