{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:50:18Z","timestamp":1792785018959,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2408900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2408900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2408900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2408900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFE0118900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2408900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2408900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2408900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2408900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2408900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2408900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2408900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2408900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFE0118900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0118900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2408900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2408900"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018544","name":"Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Innovative Research Team","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022Z141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Z141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018544","name":"Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Innovative Research Team","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022Z141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Z141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018544","name":"Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Innovative Research Team","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022Z141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Z141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018544","name":"Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Innovative Research Team","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022Z141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Z141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018544","name":"Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Innovative Research Team","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022Z141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Z141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018544","name":"Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Innovative Research Team","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022Z141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Z141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018544","name":"Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Innovative Research Team","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022Z141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Z141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07985-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T17:57:08Z","timestamp":1751392628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessing morphological changes in the choroid plexus between standing and supine positions using a rotatable MRI system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yulin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiying","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jichang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengyang","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chendie","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Meersmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haosheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"7985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0627-8","volume":"119","author":"H Wolburg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wolburg, H. & Paulus, W. Choroid plexus: biology and pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 119, 75\u201388 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"8","key":"7985_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3921","volume":"16","author":"MP Lun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lun, M. P., Monuki, E. S. & Lehtinen, M. K. Development and functions of the choroid plexus\u2013cerebrospinal fluid system. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 16 (8), 445\u2013457 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"7985_CR3","unstructured":"Javed, K., Reddy, V., Lui, F. & Neuroanatomy choroid plexus. (2019)."},{"key":"7985_CR4","unstructured":"Telano, L. N. & Baker, S. Physiology, cerebral spinal fluid. (2018)."},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010101)52:1<104::AID-JEMT12>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"52","author":"CH Rickert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rickert, C. H. & Paulus, W. Tumors of the choroid plexus. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52 (1), 104\u2013111 (2001).","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"issue":"3","key":"7985_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.40.3.0381","volume":"40","author":"HM Eisenberg","year":"1974","unstructured":"Eisenberg, H. M., McComb, J. G. & Lorenzo, A. V. Cerebrospinal fluid overproduction and hydrocephalus associated with choroid plexus papilloma. J. Neurosurg. 40 (3), 381\u2013385 (1974).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"4","key":"7985_CR7","first-page":"195","volume":"41","author":"R Koopmans","year":"1990","unstructured":"Koopmans, R., Li, D. & Paty, D. Glomus of the choroid plexus: the normal spin-echo appearance on magnetic resonance imaging. Can. Association Radiol. J. = J. L\u2019association Canadienne Des. Radiologistes. 41 (4), 195\u2013200 (1990).","journal-title":"Can. Association Radiol. J. = J. L\u2019association Canadienne Des. Radiologistes"},{"issue":"11","key":"7985_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2020.183430","volume":"1862","author":"I Kratzer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kratzer, I., Ek, J. & Stolp, H. The molecular anatomy and functions of the choroid plexus in healthy and diseased brain. Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes. 1862 (11), 183430 (2020).","journal-title":"Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes"},{"issue":"3","key":"7985_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlv030","volume":"75","author":"C Kaur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaur, C., Rathnasamy, G. & Ling, E-A. The choroid plexus in healthy and diseased brain. J. Neuropathology Experimental Neurol. 75 (3), 198\u2013213 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathology Experimental Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"7985_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2004.07.005","volume":"56","author":"ZB Redzic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Redzic, Z. B. & Segal, M. B. The structure of the choroid plexus and the physiology of the choroid plexus epithelium. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56 (12), 1695\u20131716 (2004).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-021-00296-7","volume":"18","author":"M Muccio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muccio, M. et al. Upright versus supine MRI: effects of body position on craniocervical CSF flow. Fluids Barriers CNS. 18 (1), 61 (2021).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"7985_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-017-0053-6","volume":"14","author":"M Gehlen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gehlen, M., Kurtcuoglu, V. & Daners, M. Is posture-related craniospinal compliance shift caused by jugular vein collapse? A theoretical analysis. Fluids Barriers CNS. 14, 5 (2017).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-023-00323-6","volume":"42","author":"AF Sagirov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sagirov, A. F., Sergeev, T. V., Shabrov, A. V., Yurov AYe, Guseva, N. L. & Agapova, E. A. Postural influence on intracranial fluid dynamics: an overview. J. Physiol. Anthropol. 42 (1), 5 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Anthropol."},{"key":"7985_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00601-0","volume":"21","author":"Y Hidaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hidaka, Y. et al. Association between choroid plexus volume and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults without dementia: a population-based cross-sectional analysis. Fluids Barriers CNS. 21, 101 (2024).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00586-w","volume":"21","author":"S Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, S. et al. Elevated peripheral inflammation is associated with choroid plexus enlargement in independent sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cohorts. Fluids Barriers CNS. 21 (1), 83 (2024).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"3","key":"7985_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa443","volume":"144","author":"PK Eide","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eide, P. K., Vinje, V., Pripp, A. H., Mardal, K-A. & Ringstad, G. Sleep deprivation impairs molecular clearance from the human brain. Brain 144 (3), 863\u2013874 (2021).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"21","key":"7985_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820354116","volume":"116","author":"A Van Ombergen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Ombergen, A. et al. Brain ventricular volume changes induced by long-duration spaceflight. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116 (21), 10531\u201310536 (2019).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"7985_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"045002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/acb467","volume":"36","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Design, construction and performance testing of a 1.5 T cryogen-free low-temperature superconductor whole-body MRI magnet. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 36 (4), 045002 (2023).","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00554-4","volume":"21","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Associations between the choroid plexus and Tau in alzheimer\u2019s disease using an active learning segmentation pipeline. Fluids Barriers CNS. 21 (1), 56 (2024).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79695-z","volume":"11","author":"Y Yokoyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yokoyama, Y. et al. Effect of gravity on brain structure as indicated on upright computed tomography. Sci. Rep. 11 (1), 392 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"7985_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.9.1720","volume":"57","author":"T Nakada","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nakada, T. & Tasaka, N. Human brain imaging in the upright position. Neurology 57 (9), 1720\u20131722 (2001).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7985_CR22","first-page":"348","volume":"169","author":"CB Higgins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Higgins, C. B., Hricak, H., Helms, C. A. & Paulson, E. Magnetic resonance imaging of the body. AJR-American J. Roentgenol. 169 (2), 348 (1997).","journal-title":"AJR-American J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"5","key":"7985_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20427","volume":"22","author":"N Alperin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alperin, N., Lee, S. H., Sivaramakrishnan, A. & Hushek, S. G. Quantifying the effect of posture on intracranial physiology in humans by MRI flow studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging: Official J. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 22 (5), 591\u2013596 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging: Official J. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00372-6","volume":"19","author":"D Thompson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thompson, D., Brissette, C. A. & Watt, J. A. The choroid plexus and its role in the pathogenesis of neurological infections. Fluids Barriers CNS. 19 (1), 75 (2022).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"6156","key":"7985_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","volume":"342","author":"L Xie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xie, L. et al. Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain. Science 342 (6156), 373\u2013377 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7985_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0138-8","volume":"11","author":"TM Achariyar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Achariyar, T. M. et al. Glymphatic distribution of CSF-derived ApoE into brain is isoform specific and suppressed during sleep deprivation. Mol. Neurodegeneration. 11, 1\u201320 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"7985_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Feng, X., Meyer, C. H. & Alsop, D. C. (eds) Choroid plexus segmentation using optimized 3D U-Net. 2020 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI); : IEEE. (2020).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI45749.2020.9098443"},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00555-3","volume":"21","author":"A Delvenne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Delvenne, A. et al. Involvement of the choroid plexus in alzheimer\u2019s disease pathophysiology: findings from mouse and human proteomic studies. Fluids Barriers CNS. 21 (1), 58 (2024).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00525-9","volume":"21","author":"JJ Eisma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eisma, J. J. et al. Deep learning segmentation of the choroid plexus from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): validation and normative ranges across the adult lifespan. Fluids Barriers CNS. 21 (1), 21 (2024).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"12","key":"7985_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9217","volume":"172","author":"G Brinkmann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brinkmann, G., Harlandt, O., Muhle, C., Brossmann, J. & Heller, M. Quantification of fluid flow in magnetic resonance tomography: an experimental study of a flow model and liquid flow measurements in the cerebral aqueduct in volunteers. RoFo: Fortschr. Auf Dem Gebiete Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Nuklearmedizin. 172 (12), 1043\u20131051 (2000).","journal-title":"RoFo: Fortschr. Auf Dem Gebiete Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Nuklearmedizin"},{"key":"7985_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00218-z","volume":"17","author":"L Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Taso, M., Dai, W., Press, D. Z. & Alsop, D. C. Non-invasive measurement of choroid plexus apparent blood flow with arterial spin labeling. Fluids Barriers CNS. 17, 1\u201311 (2020).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"7985_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118755","volume":"245","author":"L Petitclerc","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petitclerc, L. et al. Ultra-long-TE arterial spin labeling reveals rapid and brain-wide blood-to-CSF water transport in humans. Neuroimage 245, 118755 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"7985_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00382-4","volume":"19","author":"G Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, G., Ladr\u00f3n-de-Guevara, A., Izhiman, Y., Nedergaard, M. & Du, T. Measurements of cerebrospinal fluid production: a review of the limitations and advantages of current methodologies. Fluids Barriers CNS. 19 (1), 101 (2022).","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"7","key":"7985_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5029","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5029","volume":"37","author":"NG Smets","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smets, N. G., Strijkers, G. J., Vinje, V. & Bakker, E. N. Cerebrospinal fluid turnover as a driver of brain clearance. NMR Biomed. 37 (7), e5029 (2024).","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"issue":"8","key":"7985_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pgad262","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad262","volume":"2","author":"BL Edelbo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Edelbo, B. L., Andreassen, S. N., Steffensen, A. B. & MacAulay, N. Day\u2013night fluctuations in choroid plexus transcriptomics and cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics. PNAS nexus. 2 (8), pgad262 (2023).","journal-title":"PNAS nexus"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07985-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07985-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07985-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T17:57:11Z","timestamp":1751392631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-07985-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-07985-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All experiments of this study were ethically approved by the Research Ethics Panel of University of Nottingham Ningbo China and Ningbo No.2 Hospital Ethics Committee (Approval No.: YJ-NBEY-KY-2023-121-03), complied with the principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from each participating subject before the experiment.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate declarations"}}],"article-number":"22329"}}