{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T13:23:04Z","timestamp":1792848184975,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011917","name":"Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["4020555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4020555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08054-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T19:22:57Z","timestamp":1751397777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Potentially toxic metals in umbilical cord blood as a biomarker for passive smoker women"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nazila","family":"Moftian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Arfaeinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Talebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshid","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Dadipoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vali","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nooshin","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Taherpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Sharafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"41","key":"8054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57629","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14706-8","volume":"28","author":"M Ebrahimi Kalan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ebrahimi Kalan, M. et al. Characteristics of flavored and non-flavored waterpipe tobacco users: A real-world setting study. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 28(41), 57629\u201357639 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"8054_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vlastarakos, P. V., Gkouvali, A., Tavoulari, E-F. & Katsochi, D. Attitudes and parameters influencing the smoking epidemic in Greece: What is important? Am. J. Lifestyle Med. (2023).","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276231220614"},{"key":"8054_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arfaeinia, H. et al. Release of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from cigarette butts into the aquatic environment: Levels and ecotoxicity. Heliyon 10(20) (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39046"},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14466","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.14466","volume":"43","author":"G Heydari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heydari, G. et al. Occurrence and eco-toxicological risk assessment of primary aromatic amines in Hookah wastewater. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy 43(6), e14466 (2024).","journal-title":"Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy"},{"key":"8054_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masjedi, M. R. et al. First report on BTEX leaching from waterpipe tobacco wastes (WTWs) into aquatic environment. Heliyon 9(11) (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21946"},{"key":"8054_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rashidi, N. et al. Mono and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waterpipe wastewater: Level and ecotoxicological risk assessment. Heliyon 10(7) (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28189"},{"issue":"9","key":"8054_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-024-02105-0","volume":"46","author":"F Soleimani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soleimani, F. et al. Peronia peronii as a bio-indicator to assess the toxicity of waterpipe tobacco leachates in aquatic and sediment media. Environ. Geochem. Health 46(9), 323 (2024).","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93543-y","volume":"15","author":"F Soleimani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soleimani, F., Mallaki, R., Arfaeinia, H. & Ghaemi, M. Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from leachates of waterpipe tobacco wastes on Peronia peronii species from the Persian Gulf region. Sci. Rep. 15(1), 9227 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"8054_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.105587","volume":"17","author":"F Soleimani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soleimani, F. et al. Primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in third-hand smoke collected from waterpipe\/cigarette caf\u00e9s: Level and exposure assessment. Arab. J. Chem. 17(2), 105587 (2024).","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"8054_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soleimani, F., Ranjbar Vakilabadi, D., Arfaeinia, H., Masjedi, M. R. & Ashtari Mehrjardi, A. Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in Hookah tobacco and burnt wastes: Levels and ecotoxicological risks. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1\u201316 (2025).","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2024.2447385"},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-025-14092-5","volume":"197","author":"F Soleimani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soleimani, F. et al. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in fruit-flavored\/regular waterpipe tobacco and their post-consumption waste: Estimating release into inhaled smoke. Environ. Monit. Assess. 197(6), 1\u201316 (2025).","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"8054_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2025.104069","volume":"38","author":"F Soleimani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soleimani, F. et al. Unseen threats: Microplastic presence in waterpipe tobacco. Environ. Technol. Innov. 38, 104069 (2025).","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"8054_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanaway, J. D. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 392(10159), 1923\u20131994 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6"},{"issue":"01","key":"8054_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdtm.2019.08.002","volume":"6","author":"B Hang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hang, B. et al. Thirdhand smoke: Genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential. Chronic Dis. Transl. Med. 6(01), 27\u201334 (2020).","journal-title":"Chronic Dis. Translational Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00343","volume":"30","author":"IIIP Jacob","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jacob, I. I. I. P. et al. Thirdhand smoke: New evidence, challenges, and future directions. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 30(1), 270\u2013294 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"32","key":"8054_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78017","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28128-1","volume":"30","author":"H Arfaeinia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arfaeinia, H., Ghaemi, M., Jahantigh, A., Soleimani, F. & Hashemi, H. Secondhand and thirdhand smoke: A review on chemical contents, exposure routes, and protective strategies. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 30(32), 78017\u201378029 (2023).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"8054_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soleimani, F., Dobaradaran, S., De-la-Torre, G. E., Schmidt, T. C. & Saeedi, R. Content of toxic components of cigarette, cigarette smoke vs cigarette butts: A comprehensive systematic review. Sci. Total Environ. 813 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152667"},{"issue":"20","key":"8054_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39046","volume":"10","author":"H Arfaeinia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arfaeinia, H. et al. Release of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from cigarette butts into the aquatic environment: Levels and ecotoxicity. Heliyon 10(20), e39046 (2024).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"8054_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0676-9","volume":"25","author":"S Dobaradaran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dobaradaran, S. et al. Cigarette butts abundance and association of mercury and lead along the Persian Gulf beach: An initial investigation. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25, 5465\u20135473 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"8054_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soleimani, F. et al. Chemical contents and toxicity of cigarette butts leachates in aquatic environment: A case study from the Persian Gulf region. Chemosphere 311 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137049"},{"key":"8054_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116185","volume":"269","author":"S Dobaradaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dobaradaran, S., Schmidt, T. C., Kaziur-Cegla, W. & Jochmann, M. A. BTEX compounds leachates from cigarette butts into water environment: A primary study. Environ. Pollut. 269, 116185 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"8054_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134735","volume":"301","author":"S Dobaradaran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dobaradaran, S. et al. Aromatic amines contents of cigarette butts: Fresh and aged cigarette butts vs unsmoked cigarette. Chemosphere 301, 134735 (2022).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"8054_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111706","volume":"202","author":"R Akhbarizadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akhbarizadeh, R., Dobaradaran, S., Parhizgar, G., Schmidt, T. C. & Mallaki, R. Potentially toxic elements leachates from cigarette butts into different types of water: A threat for aquatic environments and ecosystems? Environ. Res. 202, 111706 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"8054_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114717","volume":"216","author":"S Dobaradaran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dobaradaran, S. et al. Aromatic amines leachate from cigarette butts into aquatic environments: Is there risk for water organisms? Environ. Res. 216, 114717 (2023).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"8054_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.113916","volume":"259","author":"S Dobaradaran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dobaradaran, S. et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leachates from cigarette butts into water. Environ. Pollut. 259, 113916 (2020).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"11","key":"8054_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.4236\/jep.2021.1211054","volume":"12","author":"JR Hsieh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hsieh, J. R., Mekoli, M. L. & Edwards, R. L. Jr. Levels of chemical toxicants in waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal solid waste. J. Environ. Prot. 12(11), 913\u2013938 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Prot. (Irvine Calif)"},{"issue":"27","key":"8054_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AY00930E","volume":"9","author":"T Ren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ren, T., Chen, X., Ge, Y., Zhao, L. & Zhong, R. Determination of heavy metals in cigarettes using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Methods 9(27), 4033\u20134043 (2017).","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-023-00554-w","volume":"33","author":"LM Gatzke-Kopp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gatzke-Kopp, L. M. et al. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased levels of metals in children\u2019s saliva. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 33(6), 903\u2013910 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"8054_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ataei, Y., Sun, Y., Liu, W., Dong, A. S. E. & Ahmad, H. UM. Health effects of exposure to indoor Semi-Volatile organic compounds in Chinese Building environment: A systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20(1) (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010678"},{"issue":"8","key":"8054_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7083080","volume":"7","author":"ME H\u00e9roux","year":"2010","unstructured":"H\u00e9roux, M. E. et al. Predictors of indoor air concentrations in smoking and non-smoking residences. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 7(8), 3080\u20133099 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10010008","volume":"10","author":"F Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu, F. et al. The emission of VOCs and CO from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, and conventional cigarettes, and their health risk. Toxics 10(1), 8 (2022).","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"8054_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118355","volume":"248","author":"M Grundeken","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grundeken, M. et al. Toxic metals and essential trace elements in placenta and their relation to placental function. Environ. Res. 248, 118355 (2024).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"8054_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168380","volume":"908","author":"I Issah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Issah, I. et al. Exposure to metal mixtures and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: A systematic review. Sci. Total Environ. 908, 168380 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03000-z","volume":"20","author":"N Fazel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fazel, N. et al. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy affects complications and birth outcomes in women with and without asthma. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 20(1), 314 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"8054_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, H., Yang, X. & Hanna, F. The impact of prenatal environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and exposure on Chinese children: A systematic review. Children 10(8) (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/children10081354"},{"issue":"4","key":"8054_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.7630","volume":"1","author":"M Mojibyan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mojibyan, M., Karimi, M., Bidaki, R., Rafiee, P. & Zare, A. Exposure to Second-hand smoke during pregnancy and preterm delivery. Int. J. High. Risk Behav. Addict. 1(4), 149\u2013153 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. High. Risk Behav. Addict."},{"issue":"12","key":"8054_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115612135","volume":"22","author":"RC Ion","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ion, R. C., Wills, A. K. & Bernal, A. L. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy is associated with earlier delivery and reduced birth weight. Reprod. Sci. 22(12), 1603\u20131611 (2015).","journal-title":"Reproductive Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09245-9","volume":"20","author":"H Booalayan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Booalayan, H. et al. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and prevalence of asthma among adolescents in a middle Eastern country. BMC Public Health 20(1), 1210 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60700-4","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhuge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhuge, Y. et al. Effects of parental smoking and indoor tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory outcomes in children. Sci. Rep. 10 (1), 4311 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20068","volume":"77","author":"MA Adgent","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adgent, M. A. Environmental tobacco smoke and sudden infant death syndrome: a review. Birth Defects Res. Part. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. 77(1), 69\u201385 (2006).","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. Part. B Dev. Reproductive Toxicol."},{"key":"8054_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delcroix, M-H. et al. Active or passive maternal smoking increases the risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery: Benefits of cessation and tobacco control policies. Tob. Induc. Dis.  21 (2023).","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/156854"},{"issue":"5","key":"8054_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F351","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.133553","volume":"93","author":"J Leonardi-Bee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leonardi-Bee, J., Smyth, A., Britton, J. & Coleman, T. Environmental tobacco smoke and fetal health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 93 (5), F351\u2013F61 (2008).","journal-title":"Archives Disease Child. - Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"issue":"9","key":"8054_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802203744","volume":"21","author":"G Fantuzzi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fantuzzi, G. et al. Exposure to active and passive smoking during pregnancy and severe small for gestational age at term. J. Maternal Fetal Neonatal Med. 21(9), 643\u2013647 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"8054_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.10.1523","volume":"88","author":"E Dejin-Karlsson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dejin-Karlsson, E., Hanson, B. S., Ostergren, P-O., Sj\u00f6berg, N-O. & Marsal, K. Does passive smoking in early pregnancy increase the risk of small-for-gestational-age infants? Am. J. Public Health 88(10), 1523\u20131527 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"8054_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.7.1127","volume":"84","author":"E Lieberman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lieberman, E., Gremy, I., Lang, J. M. & Cohen, A. P. Low birthweight at term and the timing of fetal exposure to maternal smoking. Am. J. Public Health 84(7), 1127\u20131131 (1994).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"8054_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.10.012","volume":"36","author":"SM Blake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blake, S. M. et al. Environmental tobacco smoke avoidance among pregnant African-American nonsmokers. Am. J. Prev. Med. 36(3), 225\u2013234 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"8054_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00091411","volume":"40","author":"J Sunyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sunyer, J. et al. Exposure to second-hand smoke and reproductive outcomes depending on maternal asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 40(2), 371\u2013376 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.3384","volume":"87","author":"S Hamadneh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamadneh, S. & Hamadneh, J. Active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth outcomes: A study from a developing country. Ann. Glob. Health 87(1), 122 (2021).","journal-title":"Annals Global Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"8054_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02941.x","volume":"118","author":"JM Crane","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crane, J. M., Keough, M., Murphy, P., Burrage, L. & Hutchens, D. Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on perinatal outcomes: A retrospective cohort study. BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 118(7), 865\u2013871 (2011).","journal-title":"BJOG: Int. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR50","first-page":"12","volume":"50","author":"P Goel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goel, P., Radotra, A., Singh, I., Aggarwal, A. & Dua, D. Effects of passive smoking on outcome in pregnancy. J. Postgrad. Med. 50(1), 12\u201316 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"8054_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110015","volume":"191","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Environmental tobacco smoke and cancer risk, a prospective cohort study in a Chinese population. Environ. Res. 191, 110015 (2020).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"8054_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.4.622","volume":"94","author":"K Steenland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Steenland, K., Thun, M., Lally, C. & Heath Jr., C. Environmental tobacco smoke and coronary heart disease in the American Cancer society CPS-II cohort. Circulation 94(4), 622\u2013628 (1996).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"8054_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110406","volume":"196","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, J., Ghastine, L., Um, P., Rovit, E. & Wu, T. Environmental exposures and sleep outcomes: A review of evidence, potential mechanisms, and implications. Environ. Res. 196, 110406 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"8054_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.06.007","volume":"29","author":"JT Cohen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cohen, J. T., Bellinger, D. C. & Shaywitz, B. A. A quantitative analysis of prenatal Methyl mercury exposure and cognitive development. Am. J. Prev. Med. 29(4), 353 (2005). e24.","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2009.24.1.15","volume":"24","author":"T Sanders","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sanders, T., Liu, Y., Buchner, V. & Tchounwou, P. B. Neurotoxic effects and biomarkers of lead exposure: A review. Rev. Environ. Health 24(1), 15\u201346 (2009).","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"8054_CR56","first-page":"1215","volume":"28","author":"J Pan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pan, J., Song, H. & Pan, X-C. Reproductive effects of occupational exposure to mercury on female workers in china: A meta-analysis. Zhonghua liu Xing Bing xue za zhi= Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi 28(12), 1215\u20131218 (2007).","journal-title":"Liuxingbingxue Zazhi"},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010057","volume":"150","author":"VH Borja-Aburto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Borja-Aburto, V. H. et al. Blood lead levels measured prospectively and risk of spontaneous abortion. Am. J. Epidemiol. 150(6), 590\u2013597 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"22","key":"8054_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340460034021","volume":"251","author":"HL Needleman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Needleman, H. L., Rabinowitz, M., Leviton, A., Linn, S. & Schoenbaum, S. The relationship between prenatal exposure to lead and congenital anomalies. Jama 251(22), 2956\u20132959 (1984).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20127","volume":"73","author":"DC Bellinger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bellinger, D. C. Teratogen update: lead and pregnancy. Birth Defects Res. Part. A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 73(6), 409\u2013420 (2005).","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. Part. A: Clin. Mol. Teratology"},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2012.693987","volume":"32","author":"D Kennedy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kennedy, D., Woodland, C. & Koren, G. Lead exposure, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: A systematic review of cause and effect. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 32(6), 512\u2013517 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"issue":"12","key":"8054_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0860-3","volume":"25","author":"E Kashala-Abotnes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kashala-Abotnes, E. et al. Lead exposure and early child neurodevelopment among children 12\u201324 months in kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 25(12), 1361\u20131367 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"8054_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-007-0057-1","volume":"119","author":"K Iijima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iijima, K. et al. Cadmium, lead, and selenium in cord blood and thyroid hormone status of newborns. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 119, 10\u201318 (2007).","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46271-0","volume":"13","author":"SS Zinia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zinia, S. S. et al. Effects of heavy metal exposure during pregnancy on birth outcomes. Sci. Rep. 13(1), 18990 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"8054_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Nahm, S., Nihlani, K. S., House, J. L., Maguire, R. G., Skinner, H. & Hoyo, C. Associations between maternal cadmium exposure with risk of preterm birth and low after birth weight effect of Mediterranean diet adherence on affected prenatal outcomes. Toxics 8(4) (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics8040090"},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(01)00827-0","volume":"280","author":"GV Iyengar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Iyengar, G. V. & Rapp, A. Human placenta as a \u2018dual\u2019 biomarker for monitoring fetal and maternal environment with special reference to potentially toxic trace elements. Part 3: Toxic trace elements in placenta and placenta as a biomarker for these elements. Sci. Total Environ. 280(1), 221\u2013238 (2001).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"8054_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.04.015","volume":"105","author":"AN Ramdzan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramdzan, A. N., Almeida, M. I. G., McCullough, M. J., Segundo, M. A. & Kolev, S. D. Determination of salivary cotinine as tobacco smoking biomarker. TRAC Trends Anal. Chem. 105, 89\u201397 (2018).","journal-title":"TRAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"8054_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119779","volume":"309","author":"AK Doroodzani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Doroodzani, A. K. et al. Maternal and fetal exposure to metal (loid) s, maternal nutrition status, and impact on prenatal growth in an energy rich zone and an urban area along the Persian Gulf. Environ. Pollut. 309, 119779 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/1861","volume":"13","author":"ERA Hameed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hameed, E. R. A. et al. Arsenic and cadmium levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood and their associations with birth outcomes. Biomed. Pharmacol. J. 13(1), 61\u201369 (2020).","journal-title":"Biomedical Pharmacol. J."},{"key":"8054_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.02.080","volume":"108","author":"H Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun, H. et al. The effects of prenatal exposure to low-level cadmium, lead and selenium on birth outcomes. Chemosphere 108, 33\u201339 (2014).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"8054_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2024.127494","volume":"85","author":"L Rouzi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rouzi, L. et al. Lead in umbilical cord blood and associated factors in Casablanca Morocco: A preliminary results. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 85, 127494 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med Biol."},{"issue":"13","key":"8054_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12780","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-1102-z","volume":"25","author":"J Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan, J. et al. Family environmental and dietary implications for low-level prenatal lead exposure in Wujiang City, China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 25(13), 12780\u201312787 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. Int."},{"key":"8054_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.04.019","volume":"152","author":"T Dodd-Butera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dodd-Butera, T. et al. Placental biomarkers of PAH exposure and glutathione-S-transferase biotransformation enzymes in an obstetric population from Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Environ. Res. 152, 360\u2013368 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1026255","volume":"29","author":"A Dursun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dursun, A. et al. Maternal risk factors associated with lead, mercury and cadmium levels in umbilical cord blood, breast milk and newborn hair. J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 29 (6), 954\u2013961 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"8054_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57006","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7502","volume":"129","author":"MS Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, M. S. et al. Umbilical cord blood metal mixtures and birth size in Bangladeshi children. Environ. Health Perspect. 129(5), 57006 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"8054_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158687","volume":"854","author":"B Dahiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dahiri, B. et al. Monitoring of metals and metalloids from maternal and cord blood samples in a population from Seville (Spain). Sci. Total Environ. 854, 158687 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"8054_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12568","volume":"8","author":"A Sekovani\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sekovani\u0107, A. et al. The effects of maternal cigarette smoking on cadmium and lead levels, MiRNA expression and biochemical parameters across the feto-placental unit. Heliyon 8(12), e12568 (2022).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-841","volume":"13","author":"E Garc\u00eda-Esquinas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Esquinas, E. et al. Lead, mercury and cadmium in umbilical cord blood and its association with parental epidemiological variables and birth factors. BMC Public Health 13(1), 841 (2013).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"8054_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106373","volume":"147","author":"YH Shih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shih, Y. H. et al. Prenatal exposure to multiple metals and birth outcomes: An observational study within the National children\u2019s study cohort. Environ. Int. 147, 106373 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"8054_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103711","volume":"120","author":"M Kippler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kippler, M. et al. Maternal cadmium exposure during pregnancy and size at birth: A prospective cohort study. Environ. Health Perspect. 120(2), 284\u2013289 (2012).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"8054_CR80","unstructured":"Caserta, D., Graziano, A., Monte, G., Bordi, G. & Moscarini, M. Heavy metals and placental fetal-maternal barrier: A mini-review on the major concerns. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 17(16) (2013)."},{"issue":"3","key":"8054_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.37349\/ec.2023.00012","volume":"1","author":"F Gorini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gorini, F. & Tonacci, A. Toxic metals in pregnancy and congenital heart defects. Insights and new perspectives for a technology-driven reduction in food sources. Explor. Cardiol. 1(3), 114\u2013140 (2023).","journal-title":"Explor. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_464_20","volume":"46","author":"PM Prince","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prince, P. M., Umman, M., Fathima, F. N. & Johnson, A. R. Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy and its effect on birth outcomes: Evidence from a retrospective cohort study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bengaluru. Indian J. Community Med. 46(1), 102\u2013106 (2021).","journal-title":"Indian J. Community Medicine: Official Publication Indian Association Prev. Social Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"8054_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.10.335","volume":"10","author":"F Matsubara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matsubara, F. et al. Maternal active and passive smoking and fetal growth: A prospective study in nagoya, Japan. J. Epidemiol. 10(5), 335\u2013343 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110601","volume":"110","author":"J Dejmek","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dejmek, J., Solansk y, I., Podrazilov\u00e1, K. & Sr\u00e1m, R. J. The exposure of nonsmoking and smoking mothers to environmental tobacco smoke during different gestational phases and fetal growth. Environ. Health Perspect. 110(6), 601\u2013606 (2002).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"8054_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-81","volume":"7","author":"C Ward","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ward, C., Lewis, S. & Coleman, T. Prevalence of maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and impact on birth weight: Retrospective study using millennium cohort. BMC Public Health 7, 1\u20137 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"8054_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00916.x","volume":"22","author":"VW Jaddoe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jaddoe, V. W. et al. Active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risks of low birthweight and preterm birth: The generation R study. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 22(2), 162\u2013171 (2008).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"8054_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0599-2","volume":"15","author":"YS Khader","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khader, Y. S., Al-Akour, N., AlZubi, I. M. & Lataifeh, I. The association between second hand smoke and low birth weight and preterm delivery. Matern. Child Health J. 15, 453\u2013459 (2011).","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"issue":"4","key":"8054_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3109\/00016341003692261","volume":"89","author":"M Anderka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anderka, M. et al. Patterns of tobacco exposure before and during pregnancy. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 89(4), 505\u2013514 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"8054_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varvarigou, A. A., Fouzas, S. & Beratis, N. G. Effect of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure on fetal growth potential (2010).","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm.2010.101"},{"key":"8054_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wadi, M. & Al Sharbatti, S. Relationship between birth weight and domestic maternal passive smoking exposure. EMHJ East. Mediterr. Health J. 17(4), 290\u2013296 (2011).","DOI":"10.26719\/2011.17.4.290"},{"key":"8054_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1169-6","volume":"17","author":"S Krstev","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krstev, S., Marinkovi\u0107, J., Simi\u0107, S., Kocev, N. & Bondy, S. J. The influence of maternal smoking and exposure to residential ETS on pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective National study. Matern. Child Health J. 17, 1591\u20131598 (2013).","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"key":"8054_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-009-9169-1","volume":"34","author":"C Pogodina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pogodina, C., Brunner Huber, L. R., Racine, E. F. & Platonova, E. Smoke-free homes for smoke-free babies: The role of residential environmental tobacco smoke on low birth weight. J. Community Health 34, 376\u2013382 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"8054_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7020616","volume":"7","author":"NN Abu-Baker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abu-Baker, N. N., Haddad, L. & Savage, C. The influence of secondhand smoke exposure on birth outcomes in Jordan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 7(2), 616\u2013634 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"8054_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2010.01169.x","volume":"39","author":"KB Ashford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ashford, K. B. et al. The effects of prenatal secondhand smoke exposure on preterm birth and neonatal outcomes. J. Obstetric Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs. 39(5), 525\u2013535 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Obstetric Gynecologic Neonatal Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24987","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24987","volume":"6","author":"Z Niu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niu, Z. et al. Potential pathways by which maternal second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy causes full-term low birth weight. Sci. Rep. 6(1), 24987 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.1999.00150.x","volume":"13","author":"Windham","year":"1999","unstructured":"Windham, Eaton & Hopkin. Evidence for an association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and birthweight: A meta-analysis and new data. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 13(1), 35\u201357 (1999).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-341","volume":"13","author":"HA Wahabi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wahabi, H. A. et al. Effects of secondhand smoke on the birth weight of term infants and the demographic profile of Saudi exposed women. BMC Public. Health 13(1), 1\u20136 (2013).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"8054_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s6897","volume":"107","author":"DP Misra","year":"1999","unstructured":"Misra, D. P. & Nguyen, R. Environmental tobacco smoke and low birth weight: A hazard in the workplace? Environ. Health Perspect. 107(suppl 6), 897\u2013904 (1999).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"8054_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-60","volume":"5","author":"CRB da Fonseca","year":"2012","unstructured":"da Fonseca, C. R. B., Strufaldi, M. W. L., De Carvalho, L. R. & Puccini, R. F. Risk factors for low birth weight in Botucatu City, SP State, Brazil: A study conducted in the public health system from 2004 to 2008. BMC Res. Notes 5, 1\u20139 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"issue":"4","key":"8054_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2019.10.4.06","volume":"10","author":"M Ramadani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramadani, M., Utomo, B., Achadi, E. L. & Gunardi, H. Prenatal secondhand smoke exposure: Correlation between nicotine in umbilical cord blood and neonatal anthropometry. Osong Public Health Res. Perspect. 10(4), 234\u2013239 (2019).","journal-title":"Osong Public. Health Res. Perspect."},{"issue":"4","key":"8054_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.4.647","volume":"27","author":"JL Peacock","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peacock, J. L. et al. Maternal cotinine level during pregnancy and birthweight for gestational age. Int. J. Epidemiol. 27(4), 647\u2013656 (1998).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"8054_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3109\/00016340903505748","volume":"89","author":"G Salmasi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salmasi, G., Grady, R., Jones, J., McDonald, S. D. & Group, K. S. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 89(4), 423\u2013441 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR103","first-page":"39","volume":"53","author":"A Baheiraei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baheiraei, A. et al. The effects of secondhand smoke exposure on infant growth: A prospective cohort study. Acta Med. Irani. 53(1), 39\u201345 (2015).","journal-title":"Acta Med. Iranica"},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340600607032","volume":"85","author":"HK Hegaard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hegaard, H. K., Kjaergaard, H., M\u00f8ller, L. F., Wachmann, H. & Ottesen, B. The effect of environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy on birth weight. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 85(6), 675\u2013681 (2006).","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"8054_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1783-x","volume":"27","author":"R Kalayasiri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kalayasiri, R., Supcharoen, W. & Ouiyanukoon, P. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and quality of life in pregnant women and postpartum women and the consequences on the newborns. Qual. Life Res. 27, 905\u2013912 (2018).","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"8054_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2018.1505508","volume":"15","author":"A Dess\u00ec","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dess\u00ec, A., Corona, L., Pintus, R. & Fanos, V. Exposure to tobacco smoke and low birth weight: From epidemiology to metabolomics. Expert Rev. Proteomics 15(8), 647\u2013656 (2018).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteomics"},{"key":"8054_CR107","first-page":"3","volume":"22","author":"MA Wagijo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wagijo, M. A., Sheikh, A., Duijts, L. & Been, J. V. Reducing tobacco smoking and smoke exposure to prevent preterm birth and its complications. Paediatr. Respir. Rev. 22, 3\u201310 (2017).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"8054_CR108","unstructured":"Valizadeh, A. et al. Exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy and Neonatal-Related outcomes. Iran. J. Neonatol. 15(1) (2024)."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR109","first-page":"12","volume":"50","author":"P Goel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goel, P., Radotra, A., Singh, I., Aggarwal, A. & Dua, D. Effects of passive smoking on outcome in pregnancy. J. Postgrad. Med. 50(1), 12 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"8054_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.5455\/ijmsph.2015.28022015229","volume":"4","author":"S Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta, S. et al. Effects of passive smoking (environmental tobacco smoke) on pregnancy outcome at district hospital, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. Int. J. Med. Sci. Public. Health. 4, 1090\u20131094 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci. Public. Health"},{"issue":"June","key":"8054_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18332\/popmed\/168620","volume":"5","author":"H Andriani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andriani, H., Rahmawati, N. D., Ahsan, A. & Kusuma, D. Secondhand smoke exposure inside the house and low birth weight in Indonesia: Evidence from a demographic and health survey. Popul. Med. 5(June), 1\u20137 (2023).","journal-title":"Popul. Med."},{"key":"8054_CR112","unstructured":"Greenhalgh, E., Scollo, M. & Winstanley, M. Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues (Cancer Council Victoria, 2020)."},{"key":"8054_CR113","unstructured":"Services UDoHH. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: A report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2006 (2006)."},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1586\/17474108.3.6.719","volume":"3","author":"S Reeves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reeves, S. & Bernstein, I. Effects of maternal tobacco-smoke exposure on fetal growth and neonatal size. Expert Rev. Obstet. Gynecol. 3(6), 719\u2013730 (2008).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"8054_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.05.005","volume":"36","author":"Z Niu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Niu, Z. et al. Placenta mediates the association between maternal second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy and small for gestational age. Placenta 36(8), 876\u2013880 (2015).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s43168-021-00097-4","volume":"15","author":"E Sobh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sobh, E., Mohammed, A. M., Adawy, Z., Nassef, A. H. & Hasheesh, A. The impact of secondhand smoke exposure on the pregnancy outcome: A prospective cohort study among Egyptian community. Egypt. J. Bronchol. 15(1), 50 (2021).","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Bronchol."},{"issue":"10","key":"8054_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109661","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109661","volume":"9","author":"JE Johnston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnston, J. E., Valentiner, E., Maxson, P., Miranda, M. L. & Fry, R. C. Maternal cadmium levels during pregnancy associated with lower birth weight in infants in a North Carolina cohort. PLoS One 9(10), e109661 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00950-z","volume":"21","author":"T Michael","year":"2022","unstructured":"Michael, T. et al. Prenatal exposure to heavy metal mixtures and anthropometric birth outcomes: A cross-sectional study. Environ. Health 21(1), 139 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"8054_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.12.014","volume":"222","author":"C Freire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Freire, C. et al. Placental metal concentrations and birth outcomes: The environment and childhood (INMA) project. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 222(3), 468\u2013478 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ Health"},{"key":"8054_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-341","volume":"13","author":"HA Wahabi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wahabi, H. A. et al. Effects of secondhand smoke on the birth weight of term infants and the demographic profile of Saudi exposed women. BMC Public Health 13, 1\u20136 (2013).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"8054_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0218577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218577","volume":"14","author":"F Soesanti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soesanti, F. et al. Antenatal exposure to second hand smoke of non-smoking mothers and growth rate of their infants. PLoS One 14(6), e0218577 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"8054_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107318","volume":"165","author":"T Takatani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takatani, T. et al. Individual and mixed metal maternal blood concentrations in relation to birth size: An analysis of the Japan environment and children\u2019s study (JECS). Environ. Int. 165, 107318 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"8054_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-790","volume":"11","author":"MU Mushtaq","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mushtaq, M. U. et al. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of stunting and thinness among Pakistani primary school children. BMC Public Health 11, 790 (2011).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"8054_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-012-9211-y","volume":"13","author":"KR Rao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rao, K. R., Padmavathi, I. & Raghunath, M. Maternal micronutrient restriction programs the body adiposity, adipocyte function and lipid metabolism in offspring: A review. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 13, 103\u2013108 (2012).","journal-title":"Reviews Endocr. Metabolic Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"8054_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.5455\/ijmsph.2015.28022015229","volume":"4","author":"S Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta, S. et al. Effects of passive smoking (environmental tobacco smoke) on pregnancy outcome at district hospital, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. Int. J. Med. Sci. Public. Health 4(8), 1090\u20131094 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci. Public. Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"8054_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e027655","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027655","volume":"9","author":"N Razaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Razaz, N. et al. One-minute and five-minute Apgar scores and child developmental health at 5 years of age: A population-based cohort study in British columbia, Canada. BMJ Open 9(5), e027655 (2019).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"8054_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.05.002","volume":"214","author":"B Abdullah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdullah, B. et al. Pregnancy outcome and cord blood cotinine level: A cross-sectional comparative study between secondhand smokers and non-secondhand smokers. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 214, 86\u201390 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18949","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98311-2","volume":"11","author":"T Shiohama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shiohama, T. et al. Decreased head circumference at birth associated with maternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy on the Japanese prospective birth cohort study. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 18949 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"8054_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S327766","volume":"13","author":"M Karvonen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karvonen, M., Saari, A., Sund, R. & Sankilampi, U. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring head growth in comparison to height and weight growth up to 6 years of age: A longitudinal study. Clin. Epidemiol. 13, 959\u2013970 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"8054_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333794x1878817","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X18788174","volume":"5","author":"NK Chukwudi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chukwudi, N. K., Nwokeukwu, H. I. & Adimorah, G. N. Use of a simple anthropometric measurement to identify Low-Birth-Weight infants in enugu, Nigeria. Glob Pediatr. Health 5, 2333794x18788174 (2018).","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-017-0866-0","volume":"17","author":"MY Hadush","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hadush, M. Y., Berhe, A. H. & Medhanyie, A. A. Foot length, chest and head circumference measurements in detection of low birth weight neonates in Mekelle, Ethiopia: A hospital based cross sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 17(1), 111 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"8054_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1712-3","volume":"19","author":"IG Azevedo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azevedo, I. G. et al. Chest circumference in full-term newborns: How can it be predicted? BMC Pediatr. 19(1), 341 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"issue":"12","key":"8054_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2017.01.007","volume":"80","author":"SH Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang, S. H. et al. The effects of maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy on postnatal outcomes: A cross sectional study. J. Chin. Med. Assoc. 80(12), 796\u2013802 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"8054_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.5604\/14270994.1206753","volume":"20","author":"I R\u00e1k\u00f3czi","year":"2016","unstructured":"R\u00e1k\u00f3czi, I., Fogarasi-Grenczer, A., Tak\u00e1cs, P. & Bal\u00e1zs, P. The impact of secondhand smoke on neonatal biometric outcomes and gestational age in Hungary. New. Med. 20(2), 37\u201341 (2016).","journal-title":"New. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"8054_CR135","first-page":"835","volume":"67","author":"K Pola\u0144ska","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pola\u0144ska, K., Hanke, W., Sobala, W. & Ligocka, D. Impact of prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure on birth parameters. Przegl. Lek. 67(10), 835\u2013837 (2010).","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"issue":"3","key":"8054_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70378-7","volume":"124","author":"EM Ostrea Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ostrea, E. M. Jr, Knapp, D. K., Romero, A., Montes, M. & Ostrea, A. R. Meconium analysis to assess fetal exposure to nicotine by active and passive maternal smoking. J. Pediatr. 124(3), 471\u2013476 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"8054_CR137","first-page":"219","volume":"44","author":"S Zhou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhou, S. et al. Physical, behavioral, and cognitive effects of prenatal tobacco and postnatal secondhand smoke exposure. Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care 44(8), 219\u2013241 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care"},{"issue":"Supplement_3","key":"8054_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S3.1007","volume":"113","author":"JR DiFranza","year":"2004","unstructured":"DiFranza, J. R., Aligne, C. A. & Weitzman, M. Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children\u2019s health. Pediatrics 113(Supplement_3), 1007\u20131015 (2004).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08054-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08054-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08054-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T20:05:47Z","timestamp":1751400347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08054-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-08054-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21921"}}