{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:28:09Z","timestamp":1790029689851,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007950","name":"Tanta University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Up to 15% of patients with diabetes worldwide experience foot problems, which are the most frequent cause of their hospitalization. Proper foot care is essential to avoid these problems and enhance the patient\u2019s quality of life. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a health education intervention on awareness and practice of foot self-care among diabetic patients. This study was conducted at the \u201cEndocrinology Outpatient Clinic\u201d of Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt. A hundred diabetic patients were recruited for the study and then divided into intervention and control groups. A baseline assessment of foot self-care awareness and practice was done for both groups using a structured questionnaire. The control group received their routine care provided by the clinic, while the intervention group received an additional health education program. All patients were reassessed after three months. In the intervention group, the total awareness score was improved from (9.49\u2009\u00b1\u20091.65) preprogram to (13.70\u2009\u00b1\u20092.37) post-program (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Also, the total score of practice was improved from (38.15\u2009\u00b1\u20096.30) preprogram to (53.47\u2009\u00b1\u20096.03) post-program (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The total score of awareness and practices revealed a significant positive correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.59). A large effect size was found for both after the intervention. The study demonstrated a notable lack of awareness and adherence to foot self-care measures among patients with diabetes, which were markedly improved after implementing a foot self-care educational program. So, a health education program must be incorporated as special sessions at outpatient clinics for patients with diabetes to lower the risk of diabetic foot problems in Egypt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08246-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T08:44:25Z","timestamp":1752137065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Stepping up: impact of health education on diabetic foot Self-Care in a Resource-Limited tertiary care setting"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Aya Mohamed","family":"Mehana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimaa M.","family":"Saied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadira Mansour","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"8246_CR1","first-page":"109","volume":"183","author":"K Ogurtsova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogurtsova, K. et al. Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 183 (8), 109\u2013118 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"8246_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2015.12.011","volume":"81","author":"R Hegazi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hegazi, R., El-Gamal, M., Abdel-Hady, N. & Hamdy, O. Epidemiology of and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Egypt. Annals Global Health. 81 (6), 814\u2013820 (2015).","journal-title":"Annals Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8246_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.62","volume":"6","author":"A Tuttolomondo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tuttolomondo, A., Maida, C. & Pinto, A. Diabetic foot syndrome: Immune-inflammatory features as possible cardiovascular markers in diabetes. World J. Orthop. 6 (1), 62\u201376 (2015).","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"issue":"7","key":"8246_CR4","first-page":"27","volume":"14","author":"MR Abouzid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abouzid, M. R., Ali, K., Elkhawas, I. & Elshafei, S. M. An overview of diabetes mellitus in Egypt and the significance of integrating preventive cardiology in diabetes management. Cureus 14 (7), 27\u201366 (2022).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"8246_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932","volume":"49","author":"P Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, P. et al. Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Med. 49 (2), 106\u2013116 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"8246_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S325065","volume":"14","author":"YS Galal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galal, Y. S., Khairy, W. A., Taha, A. A. & Amin, T. T. Predictors of foot ulcers among diabetic patients at a tertiary care center, Egypt. Risk Manage. Healthc. Policy. 14, 3817\u20133827 (2021).","journal-title":"Risk Manage. Healthc. Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"8246_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2022-0011","volume":"56","author":"HS Kassab","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kassab, H. S., Ismaeal, M. T., Abd Elfattah, T. & Elaaty, A. Diabetic foot care knowledge and practice in type 2 diabetes and relation to microvascular complications in Alexandria (Egypt). Endocr. Regul. 56 (2), 95\u2013103 (2022).","journal-title":"Endocr. Regul."},{"issue":"4","key":"8246_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.31674\/mjn.2023.v14i04.007","volume":"14","author":"SB Saidi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saidi, S. B., Jabar, J. A. & Firdaus, M. K. Determining knowledge and practice of self-foot care and adherence of patients on self-foot assessment among patients with diabetes mellitus. Malaysian J. Nurs. 14 (4), 62\u201372 (2023).","journal-title":"Malaysian J. Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"8246_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-4903-y","volume":"13","author":"Y Sari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sari, Y. et al. Foot self-care behavior and its predictors in diabetic patients in Indonesia. BMC Res. Notes. 13 (1), 1\u20136 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"8246_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"MK Mehmood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mehmood, M. K. et al. Diabetic foot self-care: awareness and practice among type 2 diabetic patients in primary healthcare centers. Dubai Health Auth. Int. J. Community Med. Public. Health. 6, 1\u20137 (2019).","journal-title":"Dubai Health Auth. Int. J. Community Med. Public. 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Effect of foot self-care program among diabetic elderly adults in geriatrics home. IOSR J. Nurs. Health Sci. 6 (3), 41\u201351 (2017).","journal-title":"IOSR J. Nurs. Health Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"8246_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00097115","volume":"32","author":"M Grillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grillo, M. et al. Diabetes education in primary care: A randomized clinical trial. Cad. Sa\u00fade. P\u00fabl. 32 (5), 31\u201339 (2016).","journal-title":"Cad. Sa\u00fade. P\u00fabl."},{"issue":"1","key":"8246_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_861_19","volume":"9","author":"S Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, S., Jajoo, S., Shukla, S. & Acharya, S. Educating patients of diabetes mellitus for diabetic foot care. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 9 (1), 367\u2013373 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Family Med. Prim. Care"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08246-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08246-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08246-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T06:01:51Z","timestamp":1752386511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08246-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-08246-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"\u201cThis study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the [Ethics Committee of Tanta University], (approval number was (34735\/6\/21). Before the study began, participants were informed of its purpose, and Formal consent was obtained from all subjects.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"\u201cNone.\u201d As the manuscript does not contain any person\u2019s data in any form.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Formal consent was obtained from all subjects.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"24551"}}