{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:14:32Z","timestamp":1777004072961,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08304-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T08:46:43Z","timestamp":1752137203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bioelectrical impedance analysis of bone mineral content based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: evaluation of age-stratified optimized models"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"YoungJin","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwi-yeol","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JuWon","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Ju","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DuBin","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JiaHao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"XuanRu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"8304_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2014.08.001","volume":"19","author":"J Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu, J., Shin, Y., Yen, M. S. & Sun, S. S. Peak bone mass and patterns of change in total bone mineral density and bone mineral contents from childhood into young adulthood. J. Clin. Densitom. 19, 180\u2013191 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitom"},{"key":"8304_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10488","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10488","volume":"5","author":"RJ Pignolo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pignolo, R. J., Law, S. F. & Chandra, A. Bone aging, cellular senescence, and osteoporosis. JBMR Plus. 5, e10488 (2021).","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"8304_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000365","volume":"29","author":"JA Cauley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cauley, J. A. Osteoporosis: Fracture epidemiology update 2016. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 29, 150 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"8304_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070315","volume":"22","author":"ND Nguyen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nguyen, N. D., Ahlborg, H. G., Center, J. R., Eisman, J. A. & Nguyen, T. V. Residual lifetime risk of fractures in women and men. J. Bone Min. Res. 22, 781\u2013788 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"8304_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0200465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200465","volume":"13","author":"N Achamrah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Achamrah, N. et al. Comparison of body composition assessment by DXA and BIA according to the body mass index: A retrospective study on 3655 measures. PLoS ONE. 13, e0200465 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8304_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12825","volume":"12","author":"KYK Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng, K. Y. K. et al. Diagnosis of sarcopenia by evaluating skeletal muscle mass by adjusted bioimpedance analysis validated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 12, 2163\u20132173 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"8304_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318044","volume":"56","author":"A Bagur","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bagur, A., Vega, E. & Mautalen, C. Discrimination of total body bone mineral density measured by DXA in vertebral osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int. 56, 263\u2013267 (1995).","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int."},{"key":"8304_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-009-0369-7","volume":"114","author":"A Andreoli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andreoli, A., Scalzo, G., Masala, S., Tarantino, U. & Guglielmi, G. Body composition assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Radiol. Med. 114, 286\u2013300 (2009).","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"8304_CR9","first-page":"1137","volume":"33","author":"H Siev\u00e4nen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Siev\u00e4nen, H., Oja, P. & Vuori, I. Precision of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in determining bone mineral density and content of various skeletal sites. J. Nucl. Med. 33, 1137\u20131142 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"8304_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S246","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-003-0077-z","volume":"40","author":"P Deurenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Deurenberg, P. & Deurenberg-Yap, M. Validity of body composition methods across ethnic population groups. Acta Diabetol. 40, S246\u2013S249 (2003).","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"8304_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2010.04.005","volume":"14","author":"N Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta, N., Balasekaran, G., Govindaswamy, V. V., Hwa, C. Y. & Shun, L. M. Comparison of body composition with bioelectric impedance (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among Singapore Chinese. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 14, 33\u201335 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"8304_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.05.009","volume":"32","author":"LJ Anderson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anderson, L. J., Erceg, D. N. & Schroeder, E. T. Utility of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of total and regional body composition varies between men and women. Nutr. Res. 32, 479\u2013485 (2012).","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"8304_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.03.002","volume":"23","author":"LW Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, L. W. et al. Performance of bioelectrical impedance analysis in the Estimation of bone mineral content in healthy children aged 6\u201312 years. J. Clin. Densitom. 23, 411\u2013417 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitom"},{"key":"8304_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00575-1","volume":"11","author":"HK Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu, H. K. et al. Assessment of total and regional bone mineral density using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in elderly population. Sci. Rep. 11, 21161 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"8304_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.94","volume":"16","author":"E V\u00f6lgyi","year":"2008","unstructured":"V\u00f6lgyi, E. et al. Assessing body composition with DXA and bioimpedance: Effects of obesity, physical activity, and age. Obesity 16, 700\u2013705 (2008).","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"8304_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1795-x","volume":"111","author":"K Mally","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mally, K., Trentmann, J., Heller, M. & Dittmar, M. Reliability and accuracy of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis for assessing muscle and fat mass in older europeans: A comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 111, 1879\u20131887 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"8304_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111442","volume":"93","author":"MD Ballesteros-Pomar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D. et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis as an alternative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the assessment of fat mass and appendicular lean mass in patients with obesity. Nutr 93, 111442 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutr"},{"key":"8304_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.06.004","volume":"23","author":"UG Kyle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kyle, U. G. et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis\u2014part I: Review of principles and methods. Clin. Nutr. 23, 1226\u20131243 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"8304_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2017-0185","volume":"28","author":"TM Stone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stone, T. M. et al. Comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for estimating bone mineral content. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 28, 542\u2013549 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"8304_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBET.2012.045360","volume":"8","author":"BR Patil","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patil, B. R., Patkar, D. P., Mandlik, S. A., Kuswarkar, M. M. & Jindal, G. D. Estimation of bone mineral content from bioelectrical impedance analysis in Indian adults aged 23\u201381 years: A comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Technol. 8, 99\u2013114 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"8304_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F614","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00477.2017","volume":"314","author":"Y Ohashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohashi, Y. et al. Changes in the fluid volume balance between intra- and extracellular water in a sample of Japanese adults aged 15\u201388 year old: A cross-sectional study. Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 314, F614\u2013F622 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"8304_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.104931","volume":"108","author":"C Iwasaka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iwasaka, C. et al. Association of appendicular extracellular-to-intracellular water ratio with age, muscle strength, and physical activity in 8018 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 108, 104931 (2023).","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"8304_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000022053","volume":"45","author":"M Bussolotto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bussolotto, M. et al. Assessment of body composition in elderly: Accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Gerontology 45, 39\u201343 (1998).","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"8304_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.86","volume":"69","author":"UG Kyle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kyle, U. G., Earthman, C. P., Pichard, C. & Coss-Bu, J. A. Body composition during growth in children: Limitations and perspectives of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 69, 1298\u20131305 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"8304_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28428","volume":"91","author":"JC Wells","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wells, J. C. et al. Pediatric reference data for lean tissue properties: Density and hydration from age 5 to 20 y. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 91, 610\u2013618 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"8304_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-01018-w","volume":"76","author":"CE Orsso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Orsso, C. E., Gonzalez, M. C., Maisch, M. J., Haqq, A. M. & Prado, C. M. Using bioelectrical impedance analysis in children and adolescents: Pressing issues. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 659\u2013665 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"8304_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00532.x","volume":"56","author":"WC Chumlea","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chumlea, W. C., Guo, S. S., Zeller, C. M., Reo, N. V. & Siervogel, R. M. Total body water data for white adults 18 to 64 years of age: The fels longitudinal study. Kidney Int. 56, 244\u2013252 (1999).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"8304_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2010-4","volume":"112","author":"S Leahy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leahy, S., O\u2019Neill, C., Sohun, R. & Jakeman, P. A comparison of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis to measure total and segmental body composition in healthy young adults. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 112, 589\u2013598 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"8304_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00861","volume":"10","author":"F Ponti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ponti, F. et al. Aging and imaging assessment of body composition: From fat to facts. Front. Endocrinol. 10, 861 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"8304_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.22.062","volume":"42","author":"H Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu, H., Ayers, E., Patel, P. & Mattoo, T. K. Body water percentage from childhood to old age. Kidney Res. Clin. Pract. 42, 340 (2023).","journal-title":"Kidney Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"8304_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.11.009","volume":"136","author":"L Hooper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hooper, L., Bunn, D., Jimoh, F. O. & Fairweather-Tait, S. J. Water-loss dehydration and aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 136, 50\u201358 (2014).","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"8304_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.01.007","volume":"60","author":"A Hioka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hioka, A., Akazawa, N., Okawa, N. & Nagahiro, S. Influence of aging on extracellular water-to-total body water ratio in community-dwelling females. Clin. Nutr. ESPEN. 60, 73\u201378 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"8304_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00553-0","volume":"17","author":"UG Kyle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kyle, U. G., Genton, L., Karsegard, L., Slosman, D. O. & Pichard, C. Single prediction equation for bioelectrical impedance analysis in adults aged 20\u201394 years. Nutrition 17, 248\u2013253 (2001).","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"8304_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05272-x","volume":"22","author":"F Campa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Campa, F. et al. High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: A systematic review. J. Transl Med. 22, 515 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Transl Med."},{"key":"8304_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19932820.2020.1741904","volume":"15","author":"S Ugras","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ugras, S. Evaluating of altered hydration status on effectiveness of body composition analysis using bioelectric impedance analysis. Libyan J. Med. 15, 1 (2020).","journal-title":"Libyan J. Med."},{"key":"8304_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13040473","volume":"13","author":"J Schierbauer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schierbauer, J. et al. Acute fluid intake impacts assessment of body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis. A randomized, controlled crossover pilot trial. Metabolites 13, 473 (2023).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"8304_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03589-0","volume":"22","author":"S Alsanie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alsanie, S., Lim, S. & Wootton, S. A. Detecting low-intake dehydration using bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults in acute care settings: A systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 22, 954 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"132","key":"8304_CR38","first-page":"2019","volume":"07","author":"TT Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, T. T., Li, X. D., Wang, W. Z., Zhang, J. G. & Yang, D. Z. Efficacy of weight adjusted bone mineral content in osteoporosis diagnosis in Chinese female population. Chin. Med. J. 07 (132), 2019 (2019).","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08304-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08304-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08304-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T02:10:15Z","timestamp":1757211015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08304-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-08304-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"24658"}}