{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T05:42:30Z","timestamp":1794462150026,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,","award":["R.G.P.2\/516\/45."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.G.P.2\/516\/45."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08445-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T16:58:51Z","timestamp":1751648331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance and beta-lactamase gene distribution among clinical isolates: a two-year cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yasser","family":"Alraey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Mushabub","family":"Assiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Basheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A. M.","family":"AlAsiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh A. M.","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed M. S.","family":"Alhamhhum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan Mohammed","family":"Alhefdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Shahid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2813-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulah A. S.","family":"Bawazeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02069-13","volume":"52","author":"F Toval","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toval, F. et al. Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from hospital inpatients or outpatients with urinary tract infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 52 (2), 407\u2013418 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"8445_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.12159","volume":"7","author":"G Berg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berg, G., Erlacher, A., Smalla, K. & Krause, R. Vegetable microbiomes: is there a connection among opportunistic infections, human health and our \u2019gut feeling\u2019? Microb. Biotechnol. 7 (6), 487\u2013495 (2014).","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"8445_CR3","unstructured":"ECDC and EMEA Technical Report. The bacterial challenge: time to react.\u00a0http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu. Accessed April 15 2015. (2009)."},{"issue":"3","key":"8445_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.465-483.2005","volume":"18","author":"F Qadri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Qadri, F., Svennerholm, A. M., Faruque, A. S. & SackEnterotoxigenic, R. B. Escherichia coli in developing countries: epidemiology, microbiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18 (3), 465\u2013483 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"8445_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6235","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10126235","volume":"10","author":"N Allocati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allocati, N., Masulli, M., Alexeyev, M. F. & Ilio, C. D. Escherichia coli in europe: an overview. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 10 (12), 6235\u20136254 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"8445_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","volume":"74","author":"J Davies","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davies, J. & Davies, D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 74 (3), 417\u2013433 (2010).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"8445_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aarestrup, F. M. et al. Resistance to antimicrobial agents used for animal therapy in pathogenic-, zoonotic- and indicator bacteria isolated from different food animals in Denmark: a baseline study for the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Programme (DANMAP). APMIS: Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand.\u00a0106\u00a0(1998).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb00222.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"8445_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(00)00145-X","volume":"14","author":"AE Van den Bogaard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Van den Bogaard, A. E. & Stobberingh, E. E. Epidemiology of resistance to antibiotics: links between animals and humans. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 14 (4), 327\u2013335 (2000).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"8445_CR9","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 32nd ed. CLSI supplement M100S (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,\u00a0Pennsylvania, 2023)."},{"key":"8445_CR10","unstructured":"Ferraro, M. J. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. (NCCLS, Orlando, FL, USA, 2001)."},{"key":"8445_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.51470\/bca.2024.24.2.1681","volume":"24","author":"MS Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan, M. S., Jahan, N., Khatoon, R., Ansari, F. M. & Ahmad, S. Diabetic foot ulcer: aerobic bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial resistance profile. Biochem. Cell. Arch. 24, 1681\u20131692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51470\/bca.2024.24.2.1681 (2024).","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell. Arch."},{"key":"8445_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-024-01423-4","author":"MS Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan, M. S. et al. The diabetic foot ulcer: biofilm, antimicrobial resistance, and amputation. Int. J. Diabetes Dev. Ctries. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13410-024-01423-4 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Diabetes Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"8445_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-016-0177-6","volume":"16","author":"EJ Alyamani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alyamani, E. J. et al. The occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes in urinary tract infections in Saudi Arabia. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 16, 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-016-0177-6 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"8445_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-024-04209-2","volume":"41","author":"M Saleem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saleem, M. et al. Identifying multidrug-resistant organisms in diabetic foot ulcers: a study of risk factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 41, 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-024-04209-2 (2025).","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"13","key":"8445_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S2599","volume":"14","author":"S Gurung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gurung, S. et al. Detection of OXA-48 gene in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from urine samples. Infect. Drug Resist. 14 (13), 2311\u20132321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S2599 (2020).","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"8445_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v10i1.1261","volume":"10","author":"AT Adeyemo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adeyemo, A. T., Kolawole, B., Rotimi, V. O. & Aboderin, A. O. Multicentre study of the burden of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the aetiology of infected diabetic foot ulcers. Afr. J. Lab. Med. 10, 1261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ajlm.v10i1.1261 (2021).","journal-title":"Afr. J. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"8445_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2021.1292","volume":"11","author":"M Mashaly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mashaly, M., Kheir, M. A. E., Ibrahim, M. & Khafagy, W. Aerobic bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers of Egyptian patients: types, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant organisms. Germs 11 (4), 570\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18683\/germs.2021.1292 (2021).","journal-title":"Germs"},{"issue":"1","key":"8445_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70378","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70378","volume":"8","author":"KM Alameer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alameer, K. M. et al. Retrospective analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogenic Escherichia coli with focus on Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase at a tertiary central hospital in Saudi Arabia. Health Sci. Rep. 8 (1), e70378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.70378 (2025).","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"8445_CR19","first-page":"147","volume":"49","author":"KD Bertakis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bertakis, K. D., Azari, R., Helms, L. J., Callahan, E. J. & Robbins, J. A. Gender differences in the utilization of health care services. J. Fam. Pract. 49 (2), 147\u2013152 (2000). PMID: 10718692.","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"8445_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007629920752","volume":"16","author":"KH Ladwig","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ladwig, K. H. et al. Gender differences of symptom reporting and medical health care utilization in the German population. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 16, 511\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1007629920752 (2000).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"8445_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-019-00219-8","volume":"10","author":"K Van den Heede","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van den Heede, K., Bouckaert, N. & Van de Voorde, C. The impact of an ageing population on the required hospital capacity: results from forecast analysis on administrative data. Eur. Geriatr. Med. 10, 697\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41999-019-00219-8 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"8445_CR22","first-page":"1003","volume":"1","author":"S Khan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan, S. & Itrat, M. Current issues in geriatric health care in India-A review. J. Community Med. Health Care. 1 (1), 1003 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Community Med. Health Care"},{"key":"8445_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-024-09569-6","volume":"49","author":"RP Kalhori","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kalhori, R. P. et al. Global prevalence of urinary tract infections in the older persons: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Ageing Int. 49, 813\u2013835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12126-024-09569-6 (2024).","journal-title":"Ageing Int."},{"key":"8445_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08578-1","volume":"23","author":"YA Almutawif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Almutawif, Y. A. & Eid, H. M. A. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial uropathogens among adult patients in madinah, Saudi Arabia. BMC Infect. Dis. 23, 582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08578-1 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"8445_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1481","volume":"101","author":"A Alothman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alothman, A. et al. Prevalence of infections and antimicrobial use in the acute-care hospital setting in the middle east: results from the first point-prevalence survey in the region. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 101, 249\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1481 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"8445_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08803-x","volume":"23","author":"BT Regassa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Regassa, B. T. et al. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial isolates from clinical specimens referred to Ethiopian public health institute: analysis of 5-year data. BMC Infect. Dis. 23, 798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08803-x (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"8445_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e045343","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045343","volume":"11","author":"R Moynihan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moynihan, R. et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on utilization of healthcare services: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 11(3), e045343 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"24","key":"8445_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMms2009984","volume":"382","author":"L Rosenbaum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosenbaum, L. The untold Toll - The pandemic\u2019s effects on patients without Covid-19. N Engl. J. Med. 382 (24), 2368\u20132371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMms2009984 (2020).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"8445_CR29","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Gender disparities in healthcare utilization. WHO Global Health Report. (2023)."},{"issue":"6","key":"8445_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2019.19.e37","volume":"19","author":"SJ Oh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oh, S. J., Lee, J. K. & Shin, O. S. Aging and the immune system: the impact of Immunosenescence on viral infection, immunity and vaccine immunogenicity. Immune Netw. 19 (6), e37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4110\/in.2019.19.e37 (2019).","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"8445_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.02.013","volume":"25","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez-Ba\u00f1o","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ba\u00f1o, J. et al. Antimicrobial resistance research in a post-pandemic world: insights on antimicrobial resistance research in the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Glob Antimicrob. Resist. 25, 5\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.02.013 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Glob Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"8445_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-023-01180-8","author":"MS Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan, M. S. et al. An update on diabetic foot ulcer and its management modalities. Indian J. Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12088-023-01180-8 (2023).","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"SI-1","key":"8445_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2106-238","volume":"51","author":"D Esenda\u011fli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Esenda\u011fli, D., Yilmaz, A., Ak\u00e7ay, \u015e. & \u00d6zl\u00fc, T. Post-COVID syndrome: pulmonary complications. Turk. J. Med. Sci. 51 (SI-1), 3359\u20133371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/sag-2106-238 (2021).","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"8445_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432","volume":"13","author":"AL Flores-Mireles","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flores-Mireles, A. L., Walker, J. N., Caparon, M. & Hultgren, S. J. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 13 (5), 269\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro3432 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"8445_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230146","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0146-2023","volume":"19","author":"A Elsheikh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elsheikh, A., Bhatnagar, M. & Rahman, N. M. Diagnosis and management of pleural infection. Breathe (Sheff). 19 (4), 230146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/20734735.0146-2023 (2023).","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"issue":"23","key":"8445_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00024","volume":"26","author":"AJ Rosenbaum","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosenbaum, A. J., Banerjee, S., Rezak, K. M. & Uhl, R. L. Advances in wound management. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 26 (23), 833\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00024 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"8445_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3026851","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3026851","volume":"2018","author":"A Alqasim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alqasim, A., Abu Jaffal, A. & Alyousef, A. A. Prevalence of multidrug resistance and Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase carriage of clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Microbiol. 2018, 3026851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3026851 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"8445_CR38","first-page":"372","volume":"37","author":"TI Shailabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shailabi, T. I., Aldeeb, O. H., Almaedani, A. F., Borwis, E. O. & Amer, S. A. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli from urine isolates. Al-Mukhtar J. Sci. 37 (4), 372\u2013384 (2022).","journal-title":"Al-Mukhtar J. Sci."},{"key":"8445_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00422-1","volume":"20","author":"F Moges","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moges, F. et al. Multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria from three referral hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 20, 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-021-00422-1 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"issue":"3","key":"8445_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","volume":"18","author":"E Tacconelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tacconelli, E. et al. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 18 (3), 318\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"8445_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9","volume":"13","author":"R Laxminarayan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laxminarayan, R. et al. Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect. Dis. 13 (12), 1057\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"8445_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-024-01654-x","volume":"24","author":"N Khanal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khanal, N. et al. Multidrug resistance in urinary E. coli higher in males compared to females. BMC Urol. 24 (1), 255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-024-01654-x (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Urol."},{"issue":"5","key":"8445_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000417","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000417","volume":"2","author":"KK Asare","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asare, K. K. et al. Antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial isolates from patients attending the outpatient department of university of cape Coast hospital, ghana: A retrospective study between 2013\u20132015. PLOS Glob Public. Health. 2 (5), e0000417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000417 (2022).","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public. Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"8445_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12101978","volume":"12","author":"N Theodorakis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Theodorakis, N. et al. Antibiotic resistance in the elderly: mechanisms, risk factors, and solutions. Microorganisms 12(10), 1978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12101978 (2024).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"8445_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100716","volume":"36","author":"A Muhammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muhammad, A., Khan, S. N., Ali, N., Rehman, M. U. & Ali, I. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in outpatients at a tertiary care hospital. New. Microbes New. Infect. 36, 100716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100716 (2020).","journal-title":"New. Microbes New. Infect."},{"issue":"19","key":"8445_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0904124","volume":"362","author":"AY Peleg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peleg, A. Y. & Hooper, D. C. Hospital-acquired infections due to gram-negative bacteria. N Engl. J. Med. 362 (19), 1804\u20131813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0904124 (2010).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"8445_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.120355","volume":"18","author":"P Nordmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nordmann, P., Poirel, L. & Dortet, L. Rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 18 (9), 1503\u20131507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1809.120355 (2012).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"8445_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/2049936115621709","volume":"3","author":"G Meletis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meletis, G. Carbapenem resistance: overview of the problem and future perspectives. Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis. 3 (1), 15\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2049936115621709 (2016).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"8445_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005","volume":"18","author":"DL Paterson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paterson, D. L. & Bonomo, R. A. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18 (4), 657\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"8445_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257","volume":"52","author":"K Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta, K. et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: A 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of America and the European society for microbiology and infectious diseases. Clin. Infect. Dis. 52(5), e103\u2013e120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciq257 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"8445_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.04.007","volume":"22","author":"LS Redgrave","year":"2014","unstructured":"Redgrave, L. S., Sutton, S. B., Webber, M. A. & Piddock, L. J. Fluoroquinolone resistance: mechanisms, impact on bacteria, and role in evolutionary success. Trends Microbiol. 22(8), 438\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2014.04.007 (2014) (PMID: 24842194).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"8445_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-090110-102911","volume":"65","author":"K Bush","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bush, K. & Fisher, J. F. Epidemiological expansion, structural studies, and clinical challenges of new \u03b2-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 65, 455\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-micro-090110-102911 (2011).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"8445_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004","volume":"48","author":"R Bonnet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bonnet, R. Growing group of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: the CTX-M enzymes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48 (1), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004 (2004).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"8445_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00110","volume":"3","author":"R Cant\u00f3n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cant\u00f3n, R., Gonz\u00e1lez-Alba, J. M. & Gal\u00e1n, J. C. CTX-M enzymes: origin and diffusion. Front. Microbiol. 3, 110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00110 (2012).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"8445_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.68531","volume":"2","author":"D Rawat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rawat, D. & Nair, D. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in gram negative Bacteria. J. Glob Infect. Dis. 2 (3), 263\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-777X.68531 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Glob Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"8445_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx146","volume":"72","author":"ER Bevan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bevan, E. R., Jones, A. M. & Hawkey, P. M. Global epidemiology of CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases: temporal and geographical shifts in genotype. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 72(8), 2145\u20132155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkx146 (2017) (PMID: 28541467).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"7","key":"8445_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks121","volume":"67","author":"L Poirel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poirel, L., Potron, A. & Nordmann, P. OXA-48-like carbapenemases: the Phantom menace. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 67 (7), 1597\u20131606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dks121 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"10","key":"8445_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110655","volume":"17","author":"P Nordmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nordmann, P., Naas, T. & Poirel, L. Global spread of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17 (10), 1791\u20131798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1710.110655 (2011).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"8445_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70143-2","volume":"10","author":"KK Kumarasamy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumarasamy, K. K. et al. Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in india, pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 10 (9), 597\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70143-2 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08445-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08445-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08445-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T16:58:54Z","timestamp":1751648334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08445-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-08445-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23951"}}