{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T04:56:51Z","timestamp":1793941011456,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017921","name":"Discovery Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"TMU Department of Biological and Physical Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08468-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T06:18:00Z","timestamp":1751523480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Magnolia alba leaf extracts and evaluating their antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and photocatalytic properties"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shaveen","family":"De Mel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Gruenler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashton","family":"Heynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne","family":"Fazekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Damaske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thushara","family":"Galbadage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Gunasekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8468_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2020-0021","volume":"9","author":"Q Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, Q., Miao, W.-S., Zhang, Y.-D., Gao, H.-J. & Hui, D. Mechanical properties of nanomaterials: A review. Nanotechnol. Rev. 9(1), 259\u2013273 (2020).","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Rev."},{"key":"8468_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00341","volume":"8","author":"AA Yaqoob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yaqoob, A. A. et al. Recent advances in metal decorated nanomaterials and their various biological applications: A review. Front. Chem. 8, 341 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"8468_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2020.e00427","volume":"25","author":"A Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, A. et al. Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles as effective alternatives to treat antibiotics resistant bacterial infections: A review. Biotechnol. Rep. (Amst). 25, e00427 (2020).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Rep. (Amst)."},{"issue":"1","key":"8468_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1843-8","volume":"17","author":"MMO Rashid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rashid, M. M. O. et al. Characterization of phytoconstituents and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of silver-extract nanoparticles synthesized from Momordica charantia fruit extract. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 17(1), 336 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern. Med."},{"key":"8468_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.06.019","volume":"273","author":"S Rajeshkumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rajeshkumar, S. & Bharath, L. V. Mechanism of plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles - A review on biomolecules involved, characterisation and antibacterial activity. Chem. Biol. Interact. 273, 219\u2013227 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"11","key":"8468_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113450","volume":"27","author":"K-K Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, K.-K. et al. Phytochemistry, bioactivities and traditional uses of michelia \u00d7 alba. Molecules 27(11), 3450 (2022).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"8468_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-014-0446-0","volume":"30","author":"A Phaniendra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Phaniendra, A., Jestadi, D. B. & Periyasamy, L. Free radicals: Properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 30(1), 11\u201326 (2015).","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"8468_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8040124","volume":"8","author":"B Salehi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salehi, B. et al. Antioxidants: Positive or negative actors?. Biomolecules 8(4), 124 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"22","key":"8468_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4132","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24224132","volume":"24","author":"SC Louren\u00e7o","year":"2019","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o, S. C., Mold\u00e3o-Martins, M. & Alves, V. D. Antioxidants of natural plant origins: From sources to food industry applications. Molecules 24(22), 4132 (2019).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"8468_CR10","volume":"11","author":"S Esther Arland","year":"2024","unstructured":"Esther Arland, S. & Kumar, J. Green and chemical syntheses of silver nanoparticles: Comparative and comprehensive study on characterization, therapeutic potential, and cytotoxicity. Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep. 11, 100168 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep."},{"issue":"192","key":"8468_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192fs25","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006567","volume":"5","author":"NS Chandel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chandel, N. S. & Budinger, G. R. The good and the bad of antibiotics. Sci. Transl. Med. 5(192), 192fs25 (2013).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"8468_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S121956","volume":"12","author":"L Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, L., Hu, C. & Shao, L. The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: Present situation and prospects for the future. Int. J. Nanomed. 12, 1227\u20131249 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"8468_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S165125","volume":"13","author":"Y Qing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qing, Y. et al. Potential antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles and the optimization of orthopedic implants by advanced modification technologies. Int. J. Nanomed. 13, 3311\u20133327 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"3","key":"8468_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01356","volume":"5","author":"N Nagar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nagar, N. & Devra, V. A kinetic study on the degradation and biodegradability of silver nanoparticles catalyzed Methyl Orange and textile effluents. Heliyon 5(3), e01356 (2019).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"5","key":"8468_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-014-0356-8","volume":"5","author":"G Ganapathy Selvam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ganapathy Selvam, G. & Sivakumar, K. Phycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye using silver (Ag) nanoparticles synthesized from Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J.V. Lamouroux. Appl. Nanosci. 5(5), 617\u2013622 (2015).","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"8468_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2005.02.013","volume":"60","author":"R Comparelli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Comparelli, R. et al. UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by organic-capped ZnO nanocrystals immobilized onto substrates. Appl. Catal. B 60(1), 1\u201311 (2005).","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B"},{"issue":"11","key":"8468_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.4052","volume":"88","author":"H-J Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, H.-J., Song, J. Y. & Kim, B. S. Biological synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Magnolia kobus leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 88(11), 1971\u20131977 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"8468_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.56431\/p-808lpo","volume":"58","author":"S Balasubramanian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Balasubramanian, S., Jeyapaul, U. & Jelastin Kala, S. M. Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using ethno medicinal plant leaf extract (Jasminum auriculatum) and their antibacterial properties. Int. Lett. Chem. Phys. Astron. 58, 113\u2013121 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. Lett. Chem. Phys. Astron."},{"issue":"1","key":"8468_CR19","first-page":"5512786","volume":"2021","author":"M Kandiah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kandiah, M. & Chandrasekaran, K. N. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Catharanthus roseus flower extracts and the determination of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and photocatalytic activity. J. Nanotechnol. 2021(1), 5512786 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"8468_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.5","volume":"48","author":"JM Andrews","year":"2001","unstructured":"Andrews, J. M. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 48(Suppl 1), 5\u201316 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"8468_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taufikurohmah, T. & Tantyani, T. A. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and candida Albicans. Int. J. Res. Granthaalayah. (2020).","DOI":"10.29121\/granthaalayah.v8.i6.2020.461"},{"key":"8468_CR22","unstructured":"Kumaresan, Kannan, M., Sankari, A., Chandrasekhar, C. N. & Vasanthi, D. S. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Jasminum multiflorum (pink Kakada) leaves and flowers (2019)."},{"key":"8468_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perera, B. P. R. & Kandiah, M. Microwave assisted one-pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts from Vigna Unguiculate: evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (2018).","DOI":"10.4038\/ijms.v5i2.100"},{"issue":"11","key":"8468_CR24","first-page":"4859","volume":"9","author":"R Roghini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roghini, R. & Vijayalakshmi, K. Phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis of flavonoids and minerals in ethanolic extract of Citrus paradisi. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 9(11), 4859\u20134864 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"8468_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2017.11.003","volume":"11","author":"AK Keshari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keshari, A. K., Srivastava, R., Singh, P., Yadav, V. B. & Nath, G. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Cestrum nocturnum. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med. 11(1), 37\u201344 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"8468_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2014.11.013","volume":"24","author":"P Kuppusamy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuppusamy, P., Yusoff, M. M., Maniam, G. P. & Govindan, N. Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant derivatives and their new avenues in pharmacological applications \u2013 An updated report. Saudi Pharmaceutical J. 24(4), 473\u2013484 (2016).","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceutical J."},{"key":"8468_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2013.12.008","volume":"444","author":"X Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao, X. et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sodium alginate and their antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf., A 444, 180\u2013188 (2014).","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"issue":"1","key":"8468_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmed, S., Ahmad, M., Swami, B. L. & Ikram, S. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 9(1), 1\u20137 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"8468_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34310","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3544349","volume":"109","author":"W Cao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cao, W., Huang, T., Xu, X. H. & Elsayed-Ali, H. E. Localized surface plasmon resonance of single silver nanoparticles studied by dark-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 109(3), 34310 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"8468_CR30","first-page":"4","volume":"786","author":"S Pi\u00f1ero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1ero, S., Camero, S. & Blanco, S. Silver nanoparticles: Influence of the temperature synthesis on the particles\u2019 morphology. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 786(1), 4 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"8468_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S17669","volume":"6","author":"M Darroudi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Darroudi, M. et al. Time-dependent effect in green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Int. J. Nanomed. 6, 677\u2013681 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"21","key":"8468_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11993","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111993","volume":"22","author":"AS Jain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jain, A. S., Pawar, P. S., Sarkar, A., Junnuthula, V. & Dyawanapelly, S. Bionanofactories for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Toward antimicrobial applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22(21), 11993 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"8468_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.101896","volume":"34","author":"D Anbumani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anbumani, D. et al. Green synthesis and antimicrobial efficacy of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Luffa acutangula leaf extract. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 34(3), 101896 (2022).","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"8468_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.11.016","volume":"12","author":"N Dur\u00e1n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dur\u00e1n, N. et al. Silver nanoparticles: A new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity. Nanomedicine 12(3), 789\u2013799 (2016).","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"8468_CR35","first-page":"022015","volume":"1341","author":"E Johannes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johannes, E. et al. Effectiveness of methanol extract hydroid aglaophenia cupressina lamoureoux as antimicrobial in resistant Methicilline Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), Shigella sp., Malassezia furfur, and Candida albicans. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1341(2), 022015 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"issue":"2","key":"8468_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-008-9159-2","volume":"22","author":"KJ Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim, K. J. et al. Antifungal activity and mode of action of silver nano-particles on Candida albicans. Biometals 22(2), 235\u2013242 (2009).","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"issue":"13","key":"8468_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27134221","volume":"27","author":"BM Abdallah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdallah, B. M. & Ali, E. M. Therapeutic effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Erodium glaucophyllum extract against oral candidiasis: In vitro and in vivo study. Molecules 27(13), 4221 (2022).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"8468_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115900","volume":"181","author":"E Gilcrease","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gilcrease, E., Williams, R. & Goel, R. Evaluating the effect of silver nanoparticles on bacteriophage lytic infection cycle-a mechanistic understanding. Water Res. 181, 115900 (2020).","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"8468_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/71.2.246","volume":"71","author":"EJ Calabrese","year":"2003","unstructured":"Calabrese, E. J. & Baldwin, L. A. The hormetic dose-response model is more common than the threshold model in toxicology. Toxicol. Sci. 71(2), 246\u2013250 (2003).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"8468_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.01.010","volume":"130","author":"YJ Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, Y. J. et al. Therapeutic applications of compounds in the Magnolia family. Pharmacol. Ther. 130(2), 157\u2013176 (2011).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"8468_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b12-00352","volume":"35","author":"JB Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park, J. B. et al. Magnolol-induced apoptosis in HCT-116 colon cancer cells is associated with the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 35(9), 1614\u20131620 (2012).","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"8468_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071811-150124","volume":"14","author":"A Albanese","year":"2012","unstructured":"Albanese, A., Tang, P. S. & Chan, W. C. The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 14, 1\u201316 (2012).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"8468_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.30","volume":"3","author":"W Jiang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jiang, W., Kim, B. Y., Rutka, J. T. & Chan, W. C. Nanoparticle-mediated cellular response is size-dependent. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(3), 145\u2013150 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"8468_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3923\/ijbc.2012.1.9","volume":"6","author":"F Sabli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sabli, F., Mohamed, D. M., Rahmat, A. B., Ibrahim, H. & Bakar, M. F. A. Antioxidant properties of selected Etlingera and Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo island. Int. J. Biol. Chem. 6, 1\u20139 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"8468_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.07.034","volume":"27","author":"S Yarrappagaari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yarrappagaari, S. et al. Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the whole plant of Cleome viscosa and evaluation of their characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 27(12), 3601\u20133614 (2020).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"8468_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6852","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18066852","volume":"18","author":"A Blainski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blainski, A., Lopes, G. C. & de Mello, J. C. Application and analysis of the folin ciocalteu method for the determination of the total phenolic content from Limonium brasiliense L.. Molecules 18(6), 6852\u20136865 (2013).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"8468_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073380","volume":"22","author":"IG Munteanu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munteanu, I. G. & Apetrei, C. Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22(7), 3380 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"8468_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hybadv.2024.100276","volume":"7","author":"S Patil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patil, S. & Raghavendra, N. Green approach to phytomediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles utilizing Ixora flower extract and their antioxidant potential. Hybrid Adv. 7, 100276 (2024).","journal-title":"Hybrid Adv."},{"key":"8468_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-221","volume":"12","author":"N Saeed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saeed, N., Khan, M. R. & Shabbir, M. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torilis leptophylla L.. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 12, 221 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"8468_CR50","first-page":"6392656","volume":"2016","author":"M El Jemli","year":"2016","unstructured":"El Jemli, M. et al. Radical-scavenging activity and ferric reducing ability of Juniperus thurifera (L.), J. oxycedrus (L.), J. phoenicea (L.) and Tetraclinis articulata (L). Adv. Pharmacol. Sci. 2016, 6392656 (2016).","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"8468_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.91574","volume":"73","author":"NS Rajurkar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rajurkar, N. S. & Hande, S. M. Estimation of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of some selected traditional Indian medicinal plants. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 73(2), 146\u2013151 (2011).","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"8468_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2017.07.024","volume":"10","author":"H Noreen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noreen, H., Semmar, N., Farman, M. & McCullagh, J. S. O. Measurement of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of medicinal plant Coronopus didymus. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 10(8), 792\u2013801 (2017).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"8468_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24818-x","volume":"12","author":"D Jini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jini, D., Sharmila, S., Anitha, A., Pandian, M. & Rajapaksha, R. M. H. In vitro and in silico studies of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Allium sativum against diabetes. Sci. Rep. 12(1), 22109 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"8468_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.photonics.2018.08.005","volume":"32","author":"RE Adam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adam, R. E., Pozina, G., Willander, M. & Nur, O. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by co-precipitation method for solar driven photodegradation of Congo red dye at different pH. Photon. Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 32, 11\u201318 (2018).","journal-title":"Photon. Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08468-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08468-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08468-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T01:20:10Z","timestamp":1757208010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08468-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-08468-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}},{"value":"This research was conducted within the institutional guidelines of both The Master\u2019s University and Biola University. The\n                      Magnolia alba\n                      is not listed on Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) or any endangered species list. This research did not harm or harass any endangered plant species and complied with the Plant Protection Act (PPA) and International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) regulations. As the research was conducted within California, it adhered to relevant state and federal regulations. Furthermore, the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing is not applicable to this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"23709"}}