{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:53:48Z","timestamp":1788875628702,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004366","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["64554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["64554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08856-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T15:21:03Z","timestamp":1751383263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Milad","family":"Baseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirreza","family":"Naseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faraz","family":"Radmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Hamishehkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Yousef","family":"Memar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solmaz","family":"Asnaashari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Kouhsoltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"8856_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"NB Pitts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pitts, N. B. et al. Dental caries. Nat. Reviews Disease Primers. 3, 1\u201316 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Reviews Disease Primers"},{"key":"8856_CR2","unstructured":"WHA72, F.I. Follow-Up to the High-Level Meeting on NCDs. Available online at: (2019). https:\/\/www.fdiworlddental.org\/wha72-follow-highlevel-meeting-ncds (accessed February 19, 2021)."},{"key":"8856_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764479","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.764479","volume":"3","author":"RA Giacaman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giacaman, R. A. et al. Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable and behavioral disease: management implications. Front. Oral Health. 3, 764479 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Oral Health"},{"key":"8856_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127526","volume":"278","author":"Z Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao, Z. et al. New strategies and mechanisms for targeting Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation to prevent dental caries: a review. Microbiol. Res. 278, 127526 (2024).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"8856_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2011.649430","volume":"50","author":"N Joycharat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Joycharat, N. et al. Anti-Streptococcus mutans efficacy of Thai herbal formula used as a remedy for dental caries. Pharm. Biol. 50, 941\u2013947 (2012).","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"8856_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345970760020701","volume":"76","author":"R Tarsi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tarsi, R., Muzzarelli, R., Guzman, C. & Pruzzo, C. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans adsorption to hydroxyapatite by low-molecular-weight chitosans. J. Dent. Res. 76, 665\u2013672 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"8856_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2018.01.005","volume":"11","author":"K Ramalingam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramalingam, K. & Amaechi, B. T. Antimicrobial effect of herbal extract of Acacia arabica with Triphala on the biofilm forming cariogenic microorganisms. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med. 11, 322\u2013328 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"key":"8856_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2015.02.002","volume":"5","author":"M Mirpour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirpour, M., Siahmazgi, Z. G. & Kiasaraie, M. S. Antibacterial activity of clove, gall nut methanolic and ethanolic extracts on Streptococcus mutans PTCC 1683 and Streptococcus salivarius PTCC 1448. J. Oral Biology Craniofac. Res. 5, 7\u201310 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Oral Biology Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"8856_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghily, H., Mosadegh, A., Akrami, A., Moradi, Z. & Reza, M. Antimicrobial effects of Zataria multiflora extract mouthrinse on orthodontic elastomeric Ligatures- an in vitro study. Iran. J. Orthod. 14, 1\u20136 (2019).","DOI":"10.5812\/ijo.96472"},{"key":"8856_CR10","first-page":"26","volume":"19","author":"S Taebi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taebi, S. & Nosrati, M. Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity and biofilm Inhibition of Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad against Streptococcus Mutans. J. Arak Univ. Med. Sci. 19, 26\u201338 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Arak Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"8856_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.16","volume":"48","author":"SR Pinnell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pinnell, S. R. Cutaneous photodamage, oxidative stress, and topical antioxidant protection. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 48, 1\u201322 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"8856_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01505.x","volume":"25","author":"C Oresajo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oresajo, C., Pillai, S., Manco, M., Yatskayer, M. & McDaniel, D. Antioxidants and the skin: Understanding formulation and efficacy. Dermatol. Ther. 25, 252\u2013259 (2012).","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"8856_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12352","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2031346","volume":"59","author":"M Sessa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sessa, M., Tsao, R., Liu, R., Ferrari, G. & Dons\u00ec, F. Evaluation of the stability and antioxidant activity of nanoencapsulated Resveratrol during in vitro digestion. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 12352\u201312360 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"8856_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.102147","volume":"61","author":"O Sogut","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sogut, O., Sezer, U. A. & Sezer, S. Liposomal delivery systems for herbal extracts. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 61, 102147 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"8856_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122457","volume":"630","author":"A Ebrahimi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ebrahimi, A., Farahpour, M. R., Amjadi, S., Mohammadi, M. & Hamishehkar, H. Nanoliposomal peptides derived from Spirulina platensis protein accelerate full-thickness wound healing. Int. J. Pharm. 630, 122457 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"8856_CR16","unstructured":"Institute, C. a.L.S. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard: Ninth Edition Wayne, PA: CLSI. 2012.; Cubicin Package Insert 2012 (Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 2012)."},{"key":"8856_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.05.015","volume":"59","author":"S Amjadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amjadi, S., Abbasi, M. M., Shokouhi, B., Ghorbani, M. & Hamishehkar, H. Enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of betanin for diabetes treatment by liposomal nanocarriers. J. Funct. Foods. 59, 119\u2013128 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods."},{"key":"8856_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.1915-1922.2004","volume":"42","author":"SM Moskowitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moskowitz, S. M., Foster, J. M., Emerson, J. & Burns, J. L. Clinically feasible biofilm susceptibility assay for isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 1915\u20131922 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"8856_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12580","volume":"62","author":"S Hayat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayat, S. et al. In vitro antibiofilm and anti-adhesion effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Microbiol. Immunol. 62, 211\u2013220 (2018).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"8856_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, B. S. et al. Inhibitory effects of Chrysanthemum boreale essential oil on biofilm formation and virulence factor expression of Streptococcus mutans. Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med. 2015, 616309 (2015).","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/616309"},{"key":"8856_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2007.05.006","volume":"52","author":"C Hannig","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hannig, C. et al. Fluorescence microscopic visualization and quantification of initial bacterial colonization on enamel in situ. Arch. Oral Biol. 52, 1048\u20131056 (2007).","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"8856_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78728-1","volume":"14","author":"F Radmand","year":"2024","unstructured":"Radmand, F. et al. Anti-biofilm and anti-glucosyltransferase effects of nano liposomal plant extracts against Streptococcus mutans. Sci. Rep. 14, 27304 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"8856_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509346811","volume":"88","author":"K Hojo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hojo, K., Nagaoka, S., Ohshima, T. & Maeda, N. Bacterial interactions in dental biofilm development. J. Dent. Res. 88, 982\u2013990 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"8856_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26082-0","volume":"149","author":"PD Marsh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marsh, P. D. Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes? Microbiology 149, 279\u2013294 (2003).","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"8856_CR25","unstructured":"Holt, J. G., Krieg, N. R., Sneath, P. H., Staley, J. T. & Williams, S. T. Bergey\u2019s Manual of determinate bacteriology. (1994)."},{"key":"8856_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.4.847-867.2000","volume":"64","author":"ME Davey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Davey, M. E. & O\u2019toole, G. A. Microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64, 847\u2013867 (2000).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"8856_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000077756","volume":"38","author":"P Marsh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marsh, P. Dental plaque as a microbial biofilm. Caries Res. 38, 204\u2013211 (2004).","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"8856_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302X.1999.140410.x","volume":"14","author":"L Xim\u00e9nez-Fyvie","year":"1999","unstructured":"Xim\u00e9nez-Fyvie, L. et al. Identification of oral Actinomyces species using DNA probes. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 14, 257\u2013265 (1999).","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"8856_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345870660081601","volume":"66","author":"Y Toda","year":"1987","unstructured":"Toda, Y., Moro, I., Koga, T., Asakawa, H. & Hamada, S. Ultrastructure of extracellular polysaccharides produced by serotype c Streptococcus mutans. J. Dent. Res. 66, 1364\u20131369 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"8856_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd1959.36.157","volume":"36","author":"AW Park","year":"1994","unstructured":"Park, A. W. & Yaacob, H. B. A synopsis of the origins and function of dental plaque and pellicle. J. Nihon Univ. Sch. Dent. 36, 157\u2013174 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Nihon Univ. Sch. Dent."},{"key":"8856_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1159\/000261404","volume":"25","author":"H Van der Mei","year":"1991","unstructured":"Van der Mei, H., de Soet, J., de Graaff, J., Rouxhet, P. & Busscher, H. Comparison of the physicochemical surface properties of Streptococcus rattus with those of other mutans Streptococcal species. Caries Res. 25, 415\u2013423 (1991).","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"8856_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112174","volume":"151","author":"J Souri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Souri, J., Almasi, H., Hamishehkar, H. & Amjadi, S. Sodium caseinate-coated and \u03b2-cyclodextrin\/vitamin E inclusion complex-loaded nanoliposomes: A novel stabilized nanocarrier. Lwt 151, 112174 (2021).","journal-title":"Lwt"},{"key":"8856_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-6-S1-S14","volume":"6","author":"PD Marsh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marsh, P. D. Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community\u2013implications for health and disease. BMC Oral Health. 6, 1\u20137 (2006). (BioMed Central.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"8856_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.5.1302-1309.2002","volume":"46","author":"H Koo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koo, H., Rosalen, P. L., Cury, J. A., Park, Y. K. & Bowen, W. H. Effects of compounds found in propolis on Streptococcus mutans growth and on glucosyltransferase activity. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 1302\u20131309 (2002).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"8856_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31095","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v8.31095","volume":"8","author":"Z Ren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ren, Z., Chen, L., Li, J. & Li, Y. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans polysaccharide synthesis by molecules targeting glycosyltransferase activity. J. Oral Microbiol. 8, 31095 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"8856_CR36","first-page":"37","volume":"8","author":"S Saeidi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saeidi, S., Mohsenbeygi, M., Roustakhiz, J., Javadian, F. & Hassanshahian, M. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects of Mentha Piperita and Zataria multiflora on pathogenic bacteria. J. Med. Bacteriol. 8, 37\u201344 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Med. Bacteriol."},{"key":"8856_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS1001159M","volume":"62","author":"T Mihajilov-Krstev","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mihajilov-Krstev, T., Radnovi\u0107, D., Kiti\u0107, D., Stojanovi\u0107-Radi\u0107, Z. & Zlatkovi\u0107, B. Antimicrobial activity of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil against pathogenic microbial strains. Archives Biol. Sci. 62, 159\u2013166 (2010).","journal-title":"Archives Biol. Sci."},{"key":"8856_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2015.03.101","volume":"63","author":"A Demird\u00f6ven","year":"2015","unstructured":"Demird\u00f6ven, A., Karab\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131, \u015e., Tokatl\u0131, K. & \u00d6nc\u00fcl, N. Inhibitory effects of red cabbage and sour Cherry pomace anthocyanin extracts on food borne pathogens and their antioxidant properties. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 63, 8\u201313 (2015).","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08856-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08856-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08856-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T03:02:14Z","timestamp":1751770934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-08856-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-08856-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"For using human tissues (Enamel of deciduous teeth), the written informed consent was obtained from the parents of the volunteers.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent statement"}},{"value":"Approval was gained from the ethics committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR.TBZMED.VCR.REC.1399.032). The research was conducted ethically following the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"21917"}}