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In total, 179 children (6\u201312 years old) prescribed DIMS lenses for 1 year were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Cycloplegic refraction, spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), CP, and corneal astigmatism (CA) were measured. The relationship between myopia and CP progression was assessed using binary logistic regression analyses, stratified analyses, and interaction tests. These 179 DIMS lens wearers were, on average, 9.51\u2009\u00b1\u20091.48 years old, and 51.4% were male. In total, 24.02% of these participants had CP progression\u2009\u2265\u20090.25 D within one year. A fully-adjusted binary logistic regression analysis revealed that \u0394SE (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.73, 95% CI (1.32, 2.27),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and CA at admission (OR\u2009=\u20091.17, 95% CI (1, 1.36),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.049) were associated with CP progression following adjustment for potential confounding factors. Interaction analysis revealed no significant interactive relationships. Our results showed a significant positive association between \u0394SE and CP progression in DIMS lens wearers. Furthermore, baseline CA was also associated with \u0394CP in participants over the course of the study. This suggested that myopia progression and baseline CA levels contribute to variations in CP progression. This study helps optimize astigmatism control in preventing and controlling myopia in DIMS lens wearers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-10099-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T09:16:52Z","timestamp":1751793412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between myopia progression and cylinder power progression in defocus incorporated multiple segments lens wearers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3285-0117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jincheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingbo","family":"Que","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"10099_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","volume":"123","author":"BA Holden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holden, B. 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(Ethics approval number:2025-03-004-K001)","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The study protocol was explained to the participants, and all participants indicated their understanding of the protocol, and oral consent was obtained. Written informed consent forms were obtained from their parents or legal guardians.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"24143"}}