{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:44:49Z","timestamp":1774316689407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 20BTQ053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20BTQ053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-10185-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T09:43:25Z","timestamp":1754387005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative study of early onset cancer burden between China and the United States from 1990 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinye","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aibing","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10185_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 392, 1736\u201388 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7"},{"key":"10185_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00672-8","volume":"19","author":"T Ugai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ugai, T. et al. Is early-onset cancer an emerging global epidemic? Current evidence and future implications. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 19, 656\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-022-00672-8 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10185_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.7826","volume":"9","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, S. et al. Estimates and projections of the global economic cost of 29 cancers in 204 countries and territories from 2020 to 2050. JAMA Oncol. 9, 465\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.7826 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10185_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-015-0488-1","volume":"10","author":"J Mooney-Somers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mooney-Somers, J., Lewis, P. & Kerridge, I. Discursive constructions of youth cancer: findings from creative methods research with healthy young people. J. Cancer Surviv. 10, 427\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11764-015-0488-1 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Surviv"},{"key":"10185_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21637","volume":"70","author":"KD Miller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miller, K. D. et al. Cancer statistics for adolescents and young adults, 2020. CA Cancer J. Clin. 70, 443\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21637 (2020).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10185_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1961-1","volume":"578","author":"K Yoshida","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoshida, K. et al. Tobacco smoking and somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelium. Nature 578, 266\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-1961-1 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10185_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.02.011","volume":"22","author":"P Danpanichkul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Danpanichkul, P. et al. The global burden of Alcohol-associated cirrhosis and Cancer in young and Middle-aged adults. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 22, 1947\u20131949e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.02.011 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10185_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5222","volume":"12","author":"TM Haedenkamp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haedenkamp, T. M. et al. Antimicrobial drug use and the risk of glioma: A case-control study. Cancer Med. 12, 3684\u20133695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.5222 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10185_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Turner, M. C. et al. Outdoor air pollution and cancer: An overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations. CA Cancer J. Clin. 25 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21632 (2020).","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21632"},{"key":"10185_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00581-7","volume":"23","author":"GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Collaborators. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet Oncol. 23, 27\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00581-7 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10185_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray, F. et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 74, 229\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21834 (2024).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10185_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12197","volume":"41","author":"H Qiu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiu, H., Cao, S. & Xu, R. Cancer incidence, mortality, and burden in China: a time-trend analysis and comparison with the united States and united Kingdom based on the global epidemiological data released in 2020. Cancer Commun. (Lond). 41, 1037\u20131048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cac2.12197 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Commun. (Lond)"},{"key":"10185_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001474","volume":"134","author":"W Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao, W., Chen, H. D., Yu, Y. W., Li, N. & Chen, W. Q. Changing profiles of cancer burden worldwide and in China: a secondary analysis of the global cancer statistics 2020. Chin. Med. J. (Engl). 134, 783\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001474 (2021).","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl)"},{"key":"10185_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002108","volume":"135","author":"C Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia, C. et al. Cancer statistics in China and united states, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants. Chin. Med. J. (Engl). 135, 584\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002108 (2022).","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl)"},{"key":"10185_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0231","volume":"19","author":"C Maomao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maomao, C. et al. Current cancer burden in China: epidemiology, etiology, and prevention. Cancer Biol. Med. 19, 1121\u20131138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0231 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Med."},{"key":"10185_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang, Y. et al. Distributions and trends of the global burden of colorectal Cancer attributable to dietary risk factors over the past 30 years. Nutrients 16 (132). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16010132 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010132"},{"key":"10185_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063493","volume":"19","author":"YS Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung, Y. S. & Yoon, S. J. Burden of Cancer due to cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 19, 3493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19063493 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"10185_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2019.1707213","volume":"23","author":"S Ohno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ohno, S., Chen, Y., Sakamaki, H., Matsumaru, N. & Tsukamoto, K. A population-based study of the humanistic burden among cancer patients in Japan. J. Med. Econ. 23, 429\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13696998.2019.1707213 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Econ."},{"key":"10185_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811044","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.81104","volume":"10","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Prostate Cancer incidence and mortality: global status and Temporal trends in 89 countries from 2000 to 2019. Front. Public. Health. 10, 811044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.81104 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"10185_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04131","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.0413","volume":"14","author":"Y Gong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gong, Y., Jiang, Q., Zhai, M., Tang, T. & Liu, S. Thyroid cancer trends in China and its comparative analysis with G20 countries: projections for 2020\u20132040. J. Glob Health. 14, 04131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.14.0413 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Glob Health"},{"key":"10185_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e061038","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061038","volume":"12","author":"SL Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, S. L., Zhang, Y., Fu, Y., Li, J. & Wang, J. S. Gastric cancer incidence, mortality and burden in adolescents and young adults: a time-trend analysis and comparison among China, South korea, Japan and the USA. BMJ Open. 12, e061038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061038 (2022).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"10185_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-020-00181-3","volume":"9","author":"X Bai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bai, X., Yi, M., Dong, B., Zheng, X. & Wu, K. The global, regional, and National burden of kidney cancer and attributable risk factor analysis from 1990 to 2017. Exp. Hematol. Oncol. 9, 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40164-020-00181-3 (2020).","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10185_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murray, C.J.L. & GBD 2021 Collaborators. Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet 403, 2259\u20132262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00769-4 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00769-4"},{"issue":"10440","key":"10185_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","volume":"403","author":"GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators","year":"2024","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet 403 (10440), 2162\u20132203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10185_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":", G. B. D. D. I. C. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet 403 (2133\u20132161). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8"},{"key":"10185_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966510800712X","volume":"67","author":"M Wiseman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wiseman, M. & The second World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 67, 253\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S002966510800712X (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10185_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.6987","volume":"8","author":"Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration","year":"2022","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration et al. Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and Disability-Adjusted life years for 29 Cancer groups from 2010 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. JAMA Oncol. 8, 420\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.6987 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10185_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01213-z","volume":"14","author":"L Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin, L. et al. Global, regional, and National cancer incidence and death for 29 cancer groups in 2019 and trends analysis of the global cancer burden, 1990\u20132019. J. Hematol. Oncol. 14, 197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-021-01213-z (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10185_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e943","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00211-6","volume":"8","author":"J Qi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qi, J. et al. National and subnational trends in cancer burden in China, 2005-20: an analysis of National mortality surveillance data. Lancet Public. Health. 8, e943\u2013e955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00211-6 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Public. Health"},{"key":"10185_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0785-7","volume":"12","author":"W Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, W. et al. Burden of lymphoma in China, 2006\u20132016: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2016. J. Hematol. Oncol. 12, 115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-019-0785-7 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10185_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950\u20132019: A comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396, 1160\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30977-6 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30977-6"},{"key":"10185_CR32","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396, 1204\u20131222 10.1016\/ s0140-6736(20)30925-9 (2020)."},{"key":"10185_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269602","volume":"17","author":"X Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang, X., Wang, J., Lin, B., Cao, X. & Si, Y. China\u2019s outward direct investment in the united states: from the perspective of agglomeration economies. PLoS One. 17, e0269602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0269602 (2022).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10185_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mousa, A. M., Enk, A. H., Hassel, J. C. & Reschke, R. Immune checkpoints and cellular landscape of the tumor microenvironment in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Cells 13, 1615 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13191615 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13191615"},{"key":"10185_CR35","first-page":"s117","volume":"18","author":"MI Perez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perez, M. I. Skin Cancer in Hispanics in the united States. J. Drugs Dermatol. 18, s117\u2013120 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"10185_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7056","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137056","volume":"25","author":"S Sol","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sol, S., Boncimino, F., Todorova, K., Waszyn, S. E. & Mandinova, A. Therapeutic approaches for Non-Melanoma skin cancer: standard of care and emerging modalities. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 7056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25137056 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10185_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09940-3","volume":"22","author":"W Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu, W., Fang, L., Ni, R., Zhang, H. & Pan, G. Changing trends in the disease burden of non-melanoma skin cancer globally from 1990 to 2019 and its predicted level in 25 years. BMC Cancer. 22 (1), 836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-022-09940-3 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10185_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.19","volume":"146","author":"HW Rogers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rogers, H. W. et al. Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the united states, 2006. Arch. Dermatol. 146 (3), 283\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.19 (2010).","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10185_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15409","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121214993","volume":"12","author":"Z Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Bao, J., Yu, C., Wang, J. & Li, C. Secular trends of breast Cancer in China, South korea, Japan and the united states: application of the Age-Period-Cohort analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 12, 15409\u201315418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph121214993 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"10185_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10021","DOI":"10.7314\/apjcp.2014.15.22.10021","volume":"15","author":"QK Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song, Q. K. et al. Age of diagnosis of breast cancer in China: almost 10 years earlier than in the United States and the European Union. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 15, 10021\u201310025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7314\/apjcp.2014.15.22.10021 (2014).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"10185_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2024.25.10.3379","volume":"25","author":"KC Bhandari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhandari, K. C., Htay, A., Parvin, Z. W., Murakami, R. & Abe, M. Prevalence of breast Cancer screening in asia: systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 25, 3379\u20133391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31557\/APJCP.2024.25.10.3379 (2024).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"10185_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e080945","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080945","volume":"14","author":"Y Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao, Y. et al. Status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to screening for breast and cervical cancer among rural women aged 40\u201365 years in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 14, e080945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080945 (2024).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"10185_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. Characteristics of breast cancer in Central China, literature review and comparison with USA. Breast. 30:208\u2013213. (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.breast.2016.01.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2016.01.004"},{"key":"10185_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2024.04.001","volume":"62","author":"DB Kopans","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kopans, D. B. More than a half century of misinformation about breast Cancer screening. Radiol. Clin. North. Am. 62, 993\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2024.04.001 (2024).","journal-title":"Radiol. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"10185_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walker, B. et al. Does a Western lifestyle confer a higher burden of colorectal cancer? A comparison of EU15\u2009+\u2009Countries versus global trends between 1990 and 2019.  Cancers (Basel) 16, 2277 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers16122277","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16122277"},{"issue":"7","key":"10185_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e342","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30073-5","volume":"21","author":"W Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei, W. et al. Cancer registration in China and its role in cancer prevention and control. Lancet Oncol. 21 (7), e342\u2013e349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30073-5 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10185_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, Y. C. et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori eradication and gastric Cancer incidence: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 150(5):1113\u20131124e5. (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.028","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.028"},{"issue":"43","key":"10185_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4636","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i43.4636","volume":"30","author":"L Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie, L. et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in China from 2014\u20132023: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J. Gastroenterol. 30 (43), 4636\u20134656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v30.i43.4636 (2024).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10185_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04025","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04025","volume":"14","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang, Q. et al. Burdens of stomach and esophageal cancer from 1990 to 2019 and projection to 2030 in China: findings from the 2019 global burden of disease study. J. Glob Health. 14, 04025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.14.04025 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Glob Health"},{"key":"10185_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003253","volume":"137","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Chinese National clinical practice guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer. Chin. Med. J. (Engl. 137, 2017\u20132039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003253 (2024).","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl"},{"key":"10185_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i33.3818","volume":"30","author":"SC Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, S. C. & Zhang, H. Early diagnostic strategies for colorectal cancer. World J. Gastroenterol. 30, 3818\u20133822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v30.i33.3818 (2024).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10185_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v16.i9.3741","volume":"16","author":"YX Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Y. X. & Wang, K. J. Who should be screened for colorectal cancer and how can it be prevented more effectively? World J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 16, 3741\u20133746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4251\/wjgo.v16.i9.3741 (2024).","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10185_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-023-00144-x","volume":"13","author":"M Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. Cancer burden variations and convergences in globalization: A comparative study on the tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) and liver Cancer burdens among WHO regions from 1990 to 2019. J. Epidemiol. Glob Health. 13 (4), 696\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44197-023-00144-x (2023).","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Glob Health"},{"key":"10185_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107565","volume":"170","author":"D Loomis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Loomis, D. et al. The effect of occupational exposure to welding fumes on trachea, bronchus and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO\/ILO joint estimates of the Work-related burden of disease and injury. Environ. Int. 170, 107565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107565 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10185_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.10.009","volume":"468","author":"D Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, D., Liu, Y., Bai, C., Wang, X. & Powell, C. A. Epidemiology of lung cancer and lung cancer screening programs in China and the united States. Cancer Lett. 468, 82\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.10.009 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"10185_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2575","volume":"166","author":"O Falade-Nwulia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Falade-Nwulia, O. et al. Oral Direct-Acting agent therapy for hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review. Ann. Intern. Med. 166 (9), 637\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M16-2575 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10185_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9884-8","volume":"12","author":"D Ginzberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ginzberg, D., Wong, R. J. & Gish, R. Global HBV burden: guesstimates and facts. Hepatol. Int. 12 (4), 315\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-018-9884-8 (2018).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10185_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33313","volume":"148","author":"JF Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi, J. F. et al. Is it possible to halve the incidence of liver cancer in China by 2050? Int. J. Cancer. 148 (5), 1051\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.33313 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10185_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.293","volume":"3","author":"B Trabert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trabert, B., Chen, J., Devesa, S. S., Bray, F. & McGlynn, K. A. International patterns and trends in testicular cancer incidence, overall and by histologic subtype, 1973\u20132007. Andrology 3 (1), 4\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.293 (2015).","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10185_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4633","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001603","volume":"110","author":"X Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, X. et al. Trends in the global, regional, and National burden of testicular cancer from 1990 to 2019: an observational study with 30-year global data. Int. J. Surg. 110 (8), 4633\u20134647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001603 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10185_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879890","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.879890","volume":"13","author":"S Safiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Safiri, S. et al. Global, regional and National burden of cancers attributable to high fasting plasma glucose in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 13, 879890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.879890 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10185_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16076-x","volume":"23","author":"J Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie, J. et al. Global, regional, and National time trends in cancer mortality attributable to high fasting plasma glucose: an age-period cohort analysis. BMC Public. Health. 23, 1361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16076-x (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-10185-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-10185-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-10185-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T22:08:02Z","timestamp":1754431682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-10185-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-10185-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28527"}}