{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T04:08:24Z","timestamp":1767154104024,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20K07700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K07700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Kurozumi Medical Foundation Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma develops decades after Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Factors like proviral load (PVL), soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R), and clonality are associated with its pathogenesis. However, a comprehensive assessment using multiple factors of ATL development and progression based on flow cytometry (HAS-Flow) has not been performed. We conducted a 10-year clinical follow-up of 160 asymptomatic people living with HTLV-1 using HAS-Flow, PVL, sIL-2R, and the HTLV-1 integration site identification. The cases were classified into three groups based on cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1)-expressing cells by HAS-Flow: Group 1 (\u2264\u200910%, 115 cases), Group 2 (&gt;\u200910% to\u2009\u2264\u200925%, 33 cases), and Group 3 (&gt;\u200925%, 12 cases). In the follow-up, no cases in Group 1 developed ATL, while five cases in Group 2 and nine in Group 3 did. Among the developed ATL, one case in Group 2 and six in Group 3 progressed to aggressive ATL. Higher CADM1-expressing cells and sIL-2R levels were linked to earlier ATL development. The HTLV-1 integration site was identified in all aggressive ATL cases. Thus, evaluating CADM1-expressing cells by HAS-Flow, assessing sIL-2R, and identifying the HTLV-1 integration site can better predict ATL development and progression to aggressive ATL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-10822-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T13:01:28Z","timestamp":1753189288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comprehensive assessment using multiple factors based on HAS-Flow analysis predicts ATL development and progression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akemi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Uchimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yorifumi","family":"Satou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eisaburo","family":"Sueoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388","volume":"3","author":"A Gessain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gessain, A. & Cassar, O. 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Yorifumi Satou received research funding from Denka Co., Ltd., Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., and KM Biologics Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Saga University (24\u201352 and 2018-03-02). All cases in this study provided written informed consent before participating.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"26618"}}