{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T02:11:25Z","timestamp":1794535885307,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752364800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-10849-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T10:39:39Z","timestamp":1752403179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multi objective moth swarm algorithm for optimizing electric vehicle integration in distribution grids"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Azadikhouy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"10849_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97271-1","volume":"15","author":"M Samiei Moghaddam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Samiei Moghaddam, M. et al. A multi-objective optimization framework for EV-integrated distribution grids using the hiking optimization algorithm. Sci. Rep. 15, 13324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-97271-1 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10849_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89025-w","volume":"15","author":"B Begum","year":"2025","unstructured":"Begum, B. et al. Frequency stability improvement in EV-integrated power systems using optimized fuzzy-sliding mode control and real-time validation. Sci. Rep. 15, 5782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-89025-w (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10849_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66644-3","volume":"14","author":"A Rajagopalan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rajagopalan, A. et al. Multi-objective energy management in a renewable and EV-integrated microgrid using an iterative map-based self-adaptive crystal structure algorithm. Sci. Rep. 14, 15652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-66644-3 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10849_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97527-w","volume":"15","author":"M Mirzaei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mirzaei, M. et al. Enhancing flexibility in a residential energy hub through integrating electric vehicle and energy saving programs. Sci. Rep. 15, 12660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-97527-w (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10849_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9948","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93817-5","volume":"15","author":"S Panda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Panda, S. et al. Comprehensive framework for smart residential demand side management with electric vehicle integration and advanced optimization techniques. Sci. Rep. 15, 9948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-93817-5 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10849_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90040-0","volume":"15","author":"K Paul","year":"2025","unstructured":"Paul, K. et al. Optimizing sustainable energy management in grid connected microgrids using quantum particle swarm optimization for cost and emission reduction. Sci. Rep. 15, 5843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-90040-0 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10849_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30795","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81049-y","volume":"14","author":"SA Khou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khou, S. A., olamaei, J. & Hosseini, M. H. Strategic scheduling of the electric vehicle-based microgrids under the enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm. Sci. Rep. 14, 30795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-81049-y (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10849_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karimianfard, H., Haghighat, H. & Zeng, B. Co-optimization of battery storage investment and grid expansion in integrated energy systems. IEEE Syst. J. 16 (4), 5928\u20135938 (2022).","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2021.3130057"},{"key":"10849_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121155","volume":"342","author":"H Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan, H., Feng, X., Li, F. & Yang, J. Energy coordinated control of DC microgrid integrated incorporating PV, energy storage and EV charging. Appl. Energy Volume. 342, 121155 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Energy Volume"},{"key":"10849_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2024.106013","volume":"118","author":"Q Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, Q. et al. Collaborative planning of regional integrated energy system in the era of EV penetration: A comprehensive review. Sustainable Cities Soc. 118, 106013 (2025).","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities Soc."},{"key":"10849_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.109075","volume":"87","author":"J Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, J., Cao, X. & Yuan, Y. Comprehensive techno-economic performance assessment of PV-building-EV integrated energy system concerning V2B impacts on both Building energy consumers and EV owners. J. Building Eng. 87, 109075 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Building Eng."},{"key":"10849_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishna, R. R., Yesuratnam, G. & Veeraboina, P. A multi active full Bridge integrated renewable energy standalone EV charging station with battery storage backup. Franklin open 10, 100235 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fraope.2025.100235"},{"key":"10849_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.115259","volume":"110","author":"H Karimianfard","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karimianfard, H. A robust optimization framework for smart home energy management: integrating photovoltaic storage, electric vehicle charging, and demand response. J. Energy Storage Volume. 110, 115259 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage Volume"},{"key":"10849_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, J., Yuan, Y., Joybari, M. M. & Cao, X. Development of a prediction-based scheduling control strategy with V2B mode for PV-building-EV integrated systems. Renew. Energy 224, 120237 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2024.120237"},{"key":"10849_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, R., Ren, H., Wu, Q., Li, Q. & Gao, W. Cooperative economic dispatch of EV-HV coupled electric-hydrogen integrated energy system considering V2G response and carbon trading, renewable energy, 227, 120488, (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2024.120488"},{"key":"10849_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.115505","volume":"112","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Dynamic LADRC and modified indirect P&O algorithm based-power flow management of PV-BESS-grid integrated fast EV charging stations with G2V, V2G and V2H capability. J. Energy Storage. 112, 115505 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"10849_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2023.109637","volume":"76","author":"RK Lenka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lenka, R. K., Panda, A. K. & Senapati, L. Grid integrated multifunctional EV charging infrastructure with improved power quality. J. Energy Storage Volume. 76, 109637 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage Volume"},{"key":"10849_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2024.09.402","volume":"90","author":"S Nandi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nandi, S., Ghatak, S. R., Sannigrahi, S. & Acharjee, P. Coordinated planning and operation of PV- hydrogen integrated distribution network incorporating daily-seasonal green hydrogen storage and EV charging station. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy Volume. 90, 134\u2013158 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy Volume"},{"key":"10849_CR19","unstructured":"Karimianfard, H., Salehizadeh, M. R. & Siano, P. Economic profit enhancement of a demand response aggregator through investment of Large-scale energy storage systems. CSEE J. Power Energy Syst., 8 (5), 1468\u20131476 (2022)."},{"key":"10849_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazemtarghi, A. & Mallik, A. A two-stage stochastic programming approach for electric energy procurement of EV charging station integrated with BESS and PV. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 232, 110411 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2024.110411"},{"key":"10849_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2023.109671","volume":"75","author":"K Sarker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarker, K. FC-PV-battery-Z source-BBO integrated unified power quality conditioner for sensitive load & EV charging station. J. Energy Storage Volume. 75, 109671 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage Volume"},{"key":"10849_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, I. & Park, J. W. Integration of DC\u2013DC Converters for OBC, LDC, and TC in Electric Vehicles. IEEE Trans. Transp. Electr. 10 (3), 5533\u20135543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TTE.2023.3331033 (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2023.3331033"},{"key":"10849_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. An integrated charger of wireless power transfer, onboard charger, and auxiliary power module for electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 40 (4), 6334\u20136344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPEL.2024.3518499 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2024.3518499"},{"key":"10849_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haghighat, H., Karimianfard, H. & Zeng, B. Integrating energy management of autonomous smart grids in electricity market operation. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 11 (5), 4044\u20134055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSG.2020.2992570 (2020).","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.2992570"},{"key":"10849_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan, A. A., Afriyie, D., Al Saaideh, M. & Ahmed, S. A novel and simple integrated On-Board charger for E-Mobility. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 72 (4), 3534\u20133542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIE.2024.3451060 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2024.3451060"},{"key":"10849_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Faheem Ali, T., Arun Dominic, D., Prabhakaran, P. & Parameswaran, A. P. A bidirectional interleaved Totem pole PFC-Based integrated on-board charger for EV SRM drive. IEEE Access 12, 101909\u2013101920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3432791 (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3432791"},{"key":"10849_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karimianfard, H. & Haghighat, H. Generic resource allocation in distribution grid. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 34 (1), 810\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPWRS.2018.2867170 (2019).","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2018.2867170"},{"key":"10849_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong, J. et al. Energy-saving driving assistance system integrated with predictive cruise control for electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh. 9 (3), 4518\u20134528 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIV.2024.3358797 (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3358797"},{"key":"10849_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhule, D. & Kaarthik, R. S. A model predictive control scheme for a Single-Phase integrated battery charger with active power decoupling for EV application. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 39 (4), 4117\u20134126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPEL.2024.3350991 (April 2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2024.3350991"},{"key":"10849_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2019.105943","volume":"176","author":"H Karimianfard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karimianfard, H. & Haghighat, H. An initial-point strategy for optimizing distribution system reconfiguration. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 176, 105943 (2019).","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"10849_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s12065-023-00826-2","volume":"17","author":"E Naderi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naderi, E. et al. Optimization of active power dispatch considering unified power flow controller: application of evolutionary algorithms in a fuzzy framework. Evol. Intel. 17, 1357\u20131387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12065-023-00826-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Evol. Intel"},{"issue":"5","key":"10849_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1080\/15325008.2023.2234378","volume":"52","author":"E Naderi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naderi, E., Mirzaei, L., Trimble, J. P. & Cantrell, D. A. Multi-Objective optimal power flow incorporating flexible alternating current transmission systems: application of a Wavelet-Oriented evolutionary algorithm. Electr. Power Compon. Syst. 52 (5), 766\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15325008.2023.2234378 (2023).","journal-title":"Electr. Power Compon. Syst."},{"key":"10849_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trojani, A. G., Baigi, J. M. & Moghaddam, M. S. Stochastic Security-constrained unit commitment considering electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and flexible loads with renewable energy resources. J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean. Energy. 11 (5), 1405\u20131414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35833\/MPCE.2022.000781 (September 2023).","DOI":"10.35833\/MPCE.2022.000781"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-10849-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-10849-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-10849-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T07:02:00Z","timestamp":1757228520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-10849-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-10849-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25320"}}