{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:17:23Z","timestamp":1792081043212,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11232-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T10:04:35Z","timestamp":1753092275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Performance evaluation of STATCOM placement in real-world power system through DOA-NVSP algorithm for congestion management and stability improvement"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tayo Uthman","family":"Badrudeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Funso K.","family":"Ariyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nnamdi","family":"Nwulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"11232_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2024.110801","volume":"234","author":"A Narula","year":"2024","unstructured":"Narula, A., Imgart, P., Bongiorno, M. & Beza, M. Empowering offshore wind with ES-STATCOM for stability margin improvement and provision of grid-forming capabilities. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 234, 110801 (2024).","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"11232_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2024.109880","volume":"157","author":"C Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao, C., Liu, Z., Wang, H. & Gao, F. Small-signal model-based stability analysis for single-phase cascaded H-bridge STATCOM considering time delay. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 157, 109880 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"11232_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1177\/01445987231218292","volume":"42","author":"TU Badrudeen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Badrudeen, T. U., Ariyo, F. K. & Nwulu, I. Voltage stability improvement and power losses reduction through multiple grid contingency supports. Energy Explor. Exploit. 42(4), 1218\u20131240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01445987231218292 (2024).","journal-title":"Energy Explor. Exploit."},{"issue":"2025","key":"11232_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2025.e02543","volume":"27","author":"TU Badrudeen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Badrudeen, T. U., Ariyo, F. K. & Nwulu, N. Optimal sizing of FACTS controller through hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for static security enhancement in transmission power systems. Sci. African 27(2025), e02543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sciaf.2025.e02543 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. African"},{"key":"11232_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7247","DOI":"10.3390\/en15197247.(2022)","volume":"15","author":"TU Badrudeen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badrudeen, T. U., Ariyo, F. K., Gbadamosi, S. L. & Nwulu, I. N. A novel classification of the 330 kV Nigerian power network using a new voltage stability pointer. Energies 15, 7247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en15197247.(2022) (2022).","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"11232_CR6","unstructured":"World Bank Energy Progress Report Global Electrification Database, SDG 7: The Energy Report. (Access to electricity (% of population)\u2014Nigeria). Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/EG.ELC.ACCS.Zs?locations=NG (2021)."},{"key":"11232_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.24018\/ejeng.2022.7.3.2792","volume":"7","author":"B Adebanji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adebanji, B., Ojo, A., Fasina, T., Adeleye, S. & Abere, J. Integration of renewable energy with smart grid application into the nigeria\u2019s power network: issues, challenges and opportunities. Eur. J. Eng. Technol. Res. 7, 18\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24018\/ejeng.2022.7.3.2792 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Eng. Technol. Res."},{"key":"11232_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3201942","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Hill, D. J. & Song, Y. A load dynamic stability index for short-term voltage stability assessment and control. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3201942 (2022).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"11232_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2024.102658","volume":"15","author":"B Al-Majali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Majali, B. & Zobaa, A. A novel optimal allocation of STATCOM to enhance voltage stability in power networks. Ain Shams Eng. J. 15(5), 102658 (2024).","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"key":"11232_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2025.02.018","volume":"13","author":"S Imitiaz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Imitiaz, S. et al. Improving microgrid frequency stability through PI-PIDA-driven STATCOM optimization using hybrid metaheuristic algorithm. Energy Rep. 13, 2907\u20132932 (2025).","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"11232_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2023.109191","volume":"218","author":"WP Guam\u00e1n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guam\u00e1n, W. P., Pesantez, G. N., Torres, R., Falcones, S. & Urquizo, J. Optimal dynamic reactive power compensation in power systems: case study of ecuador-per\u00fa interconnection. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 218, 109191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsr.2023.109191 (2023).","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"11232_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2022.109010","volume":"216","author":"H Dirik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dirik, H., Gezegin, C. & Dirik, H. Reactive power compensation with hybrid compensator combining a synchronous motor and switched capacitors. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 216, 109010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsr.2022.109010 (2023).","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"11232_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2023.109473","volume":"155","author":"S Gangolu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gangolu, S., Sarangi, S. & Mohanty, R. Relay algorithm for STATCOM compensated line using differential current ratio. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 155, 109473 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"11232_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2022.102060","volume":"14","author":"T Boghdady","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boghdady, T. & Mohamed, Y. Reactive power compensation using STATCOM in a PV grid connected system with a modified MPPT method. Ain Shams Eng. J. 14(8), 102060 (2023).","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"key":"11232_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2024.06.051","volume":"12","author":"M Srief","year":"2024","unstructured":"Srief, M., Soltane, B., Lokmane, N. & Malak, G. A complete control structure based backstepping controller design for stacked multi-cell multi-level SPWM VSC STATCOM. Energy Rep. 12, 687\u2013698 (2024).","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"11232_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prime.2024.100736","volume":"9","author":"G Negi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Negi, G., Gupta, M., Saxena, N. & Mohan, H. Squirrel cage induction generator based micro grid voltage assessment with STATCOM using different metaheuristic approaches. E-Prime\u2013Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy 9, 100736 (2024).","journal-title":"E-Prime\u2013Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy"},{"key":"11232_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42326","author":"J Bhutto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhutto, J. An adaptive controlled STATCOM and SMES for LVRT augmentation of the renewable integrated AC-microgrid. Heliyon https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42326 (2025).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"11232_CR18","first-page":"104405","volume":"25","author":"M Alwaeli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alwaeli, M., Galvani, S. & Talavat, V. Addressing power quality challenges in hybrid renewable energy systems through STATCOM devices and advanced gray wolf optimization technique. Res. Eng. 25, 104405 (2025).","journal-title":"Res. Eng."},{"key":"11232_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2571863","author":"AK Bairwa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bairwa, A. K., Joshi, S. & Singh, D. Dingo optimizer: a nature-inspired metaheuristic approach for engineering problems. Math. Probl. Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/2571863 (2021).","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"11232_CR20","first-page":"104689","volume":"26","author":"A Munimathan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Munimathan, A. et al. Analysis of power quality of Jamun biodiesel operated CI engine using STATCOM. Res. Eng. 26, 104689 (2025).","journal-title":"Res. Eng."},{"key":"11232_CR21","unstructured":"Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) Technical annual report. Retrieved February 20, 2024, from https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=transmission.company.of.nigeria+annual.techanical.report+2023&oq=transmission.company.of.nigeria+annual.techanical.report+2023&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCTE3MjM0ajBqN6gCFLACAQ&client=ms-android-verizon&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8 (2023)."},{"key":"11232_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prime.2024.100438","volume":"7","author":"W Hassan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hassan, W., Abdulrahem, H. & Al-khayyat, A. Reactive power control by STATCOM quasi linear asymmetrical multilevel-based photovoltaic system. E-Prime Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy. 7, 100438 (2024).","journal-title":"E-Prime Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy."},{"key":"11232_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-025-15600-0","author":"K Velukutty","year":"2025","unstructured":"Velukutty, K. et al. Enhancing energy management and power quality in grid-connected photovoltaic systems through ESS and STATCOM integration. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00170-025-15600-0 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"11232_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02636-1","volume":"15","author":"T Sarkar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarkar, T. et al. optimal allocation of STATCOM for multi-objective ORPD problem on thermal wind solar hydro scheduling using driving based optimization. Sci. Rep. 15(1), 19594 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"11232_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-025-06870-0","volume":"7","author":"A Ebrahimi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ebrahimi, A., Moradlou, M., Bigdeli, M. & Mashhadi, M. optimal sizing and allocation of PV-DG and DSTATCOM in the distribution network with uncertainty in consumption and generation. Discov. Appl. Sci. 7(5), 411 (2025).","journal-title":"Discov. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"11232_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2024.101337","volume":"52","author":"T Badrudeen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Badrudeen, T., Nwulu, N. & Gbadamosi, S. L. Low-inertia control of a large-scale renewable energy penetration in power grids: A systematic review with taxonomy and bibliometric analysis. Energy Strat. Rev. 52, 101337 (2024).","journal-title":"Energy Strat. Rev."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-11232-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-11232-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-11232-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T16:23:43Z","timestamp":1757262223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-11232-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-11232-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"26399"}}