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While surgery and liver transplantation are curative treatments for HCC, many tumors are unresectable due to co-morbidities or advanced stage. Ethanol ablation is an established alternative ablative therapy for HCC that is typically paired with ultrasound imaging to visualize tumors and enable precise ethanol delivery. However, ethanol has the propensity to leak from the injection site and is not inherently echogenic, making biodistribution difficult to monitor. To address these limitations, we added ethyl cellulose (EC) with ethanol to form a gel that improves ethanol retention and generates an echogenic depot in tissue. We performed studies in tissue phantoms and liver tissue to characterize the acoustic profile of the EC-ethanol depots. Studies in phantoms showed that the EC-ethanol depots were 1.5x more echogenic when EC-ethanol ratios increased from 6 to 12% (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). EC-ethanol depots in excised liver tissue and in swine liver post-mortem were acoustically discernable and generated 4 cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    depots, which are of clinically relevant size for HCC treatment. In summary, this study established the echogenic properties of EC-ethanol for spatiotemporal analysis of injectate distribution, demonstrating its translational potential for tracking biodistribution during liver ablation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11336-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T15:43:02Z","timestamp":1752594182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating the echogenicity of ethyl cellulose-ethanol gel for tracking biodistribution during liver ablation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xihan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Mikhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haichong K.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna L.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"11336_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F 1 Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray, F. et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J. Clin. 74, 229\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21834 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"11336_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3452","volume":"14","author":"SG 2 Delis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Delis, S. G. & Dervenis, C. Selection criteria for liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 14, 3452\u20133460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.14.3452 (2008).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"11336_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3796","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123796","volume":"12","author":"A 3 Facciorusso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Facciorusso, A. et al. 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