{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:27:32Z","timestamp":1757618852776,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00453521, NRF-2020R1A5A2019210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00453521, NRF-2020R1A5A2019210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11731-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T08:24:32Z","timestamp":1752567872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential utility of salivary gland amyloid uptake as a surrogate marker for adipose tissue and amyloid-beta dynamics based on its association with BMI and cerebral amyloid burden"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kyu Ri","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-jeon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"11731_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.3770","volume":"81","author":"B Dubois","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dubois, B. et al. Alzheimer disease as a clinical-biological construct\u2014an international working group recommendation. JAMA Neurol. 81, 1304\u20131311 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"11731_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859","volume":"20","author":"CR Jack Jr","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jack, C. R. Jr et al. Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of alzheimer\u2019s disease: alzheimer\u2019s association workgroup. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 20, 5143\u20135169 (2024).","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"11731_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02210-z","volume":"28","author":"YF Chuang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chuang, Y. F. et al. Correction: Midlife adiposity predicts earlier onset of alzheimer\u2019s dementia, neuropathology and presymptomatic cerebral amyloid accumulation. Mol. Psychiatry. 28, 4486\u20134486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-023-02210-z (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"11731_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3090","volume":"317","author":"RF Gottesman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gottesman, R. F. et al. Association between midlife vascular risk factors and estimated brain amyloid deposition. JAMA 317, 1443\u20131450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.3090 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"11731_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00830-7","volume":"13","author":"CA Lane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lane, C. A. et al. Investigating the relationship between BMI across adulthood and late life brain pathologies. Alzheimers Res. Ther. 13, 91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-021-00830-7 (2021).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"11731_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694629","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.694629","volume":"13","author":"J Cho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cho, J., Seo, S., Kim, W. R., Kim, C. & Noh, Y. Association between visceral fat and brain cortical thickness in the elderly: a neuroimaging study. Front. Aging Neurosci. 13, 694629 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"11731_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12030258","volume":"12","author":"S Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, S., Yi, H. A., Won, K. S., Lee, J. S. & Kim, H. W. Association between visceral adipose tissue metabolism and alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. Metabolites 12, 258 (2022).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"11731_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matczuk, J. et al. Insulin resistance and obesity affect lipid profile in the salivary glands. J. Diabetes Res. 2016 (8163474). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8163474 (2016).","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8163474"},{"key":"11731_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su, G. Y. et al. Effect of laterality, gender, age and body mass index on the fat fraction of salivary glands in healthy volunteers: assessed using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares Estimation method. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 48 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20180263 (2018).","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20180263"},{"key":"11731_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_1760_21","volume":"25","author":"O Hatipoglu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hatipoglu, O., Maras, E., Hatipoglu, F. P. & Saygin, A. G. Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity in the individuals with obesity and overweight; A meta-analysis. Niger J. Clin. Pract. 25, 1126\u20131142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_1760_21 (2022).","journal-title":"Niger J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"11731_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13887","volume":"140","author":"G Yamin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamin, G. & Teplow, D. B. Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) binds amyloid \u03b2\u2010protein protofibrils. J. Neurochem. 140, 210\u2013215 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"11731_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.10.007","volume":"9","author":"KA Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson, K. A. et al. Florbetapir (F18-AV-45) PET to assess amyloid burden in alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 9, S72\u2013S83 (2013).","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"11731_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70001-2","volume":"7","author":"CC Rowe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rowe, C. C. et al. Imaging of amyloid \u03b2 in alzheimer\u2019s disease with 18F-BAY94-9172, a novel PET tracer: proof of mechanism. Lancet Neurol. 7, 129\u2013135 (2008).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"11731_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.05.018","volume":"11","author":"DR Thal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thal, D. R. et al. [18F] flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography in preclinical and symptomatic alzheimer\u2019s disease: specific detection of advanced phases of amyloid-\u03b2 pathology. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 11, 975\u2013985 (2015).","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"11731_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","volume":"14","author":"CR Jack Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jack, C. R. Jr et al. NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 14, 535\u2013562 (2018).","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"11731_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102773","volume":"31","author":"HJ Yoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoon, H. J. et al. Dual-phase 18F-florbetaben PET provides cerebral perfusion proxy along with beta-amyloid burden in alzheimer\u2019s disease. NeuroImage: Clin. 31, 102773 (2021).","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin."},{"key":"11731_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12030623","volume":"12","author":"J Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, J. et al. Development of amyloid PET analysis pipeline using deep learning-based brain MRI segmentation\u2014a comparative validation study. Diagnostics 12, 623 (2022).","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"11731_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4868","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14054","volume":"20","author":"S Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, S. et al. Development of a prediction model for cognitive impairment of sarcopenia using multimodal neuroimaging in non-demented older adults. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 20, 4868\u20134878 (2024).","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"11731_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10120974","volume":"10","author":"M Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, M. et al. Split-attention U-Net: a fully convolutional network for robust multi-label segmentation from brain MRI. Brain Sci. 10, 974 (2020).","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"11731_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2023.0066","volume":"24","author":"SY Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang, S. Y. et al. Salivary gland uptake on 18F-FP-CIT PET as a new biomarker in patients with parkinsonism. Korean J. Radiol. 24, 690 (2023).","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"11731_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318238eec1","volume":"77","author":"E Vidoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vidoni, E., Townley, R., Honea, R., Burns, J. & Initiative, A. s. D. N. Alzheimer disease biomarkers are associated with body mass index. Neurology 77, 1913\u20131920 (2011).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"11731_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190154","volume":"69","author":"V Thirunavu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thirunavu, V. et al. Higher body mass index is associated with lower cortical amyloid-\u03b2 burden in cognitively normal individuals in late-life. J. Alzheimers Dis. 69, 817\u2013827 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"11731_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.03.002","volume":"93","author":"JS Rabin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rabin, J. S. et al. Amyloid-beta burden predicts prospective decline in body mass index in clinically normal adults. Neurobiol. Aging. 93, 124\u2013130 (2020).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"11731_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X., Wang, Y. J. & Xiang, Y. Bidirectional communication between brain and visceral white adipose tissue: its potential impact on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. EBioMedicine 84 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104263"},{"key":"11731_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9675","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249675","volume":"21","author":"R Herrero-Labrador","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herrero-Labrador, R. et al. Circulating insulin-like growth factor I is involved in the effect of high fat diet on peripheral amyloid \u03b2 clearance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 9675 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"11731_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.07.017","volume":"43","author":"R Deane","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deane, R. et al. LRP\/amyloid \u03b2-peptide interaction mediates differential brain efflux of A\u03b2 isoforms. Neuron 43, 333\u2013344 (2004).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"11731_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208784705487","volume":"14","author":"R Deane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deane, R., Sagare, A. & Zlokovic, B. The role of the cell surface LRP and soluble LRP in blood-brain barrier A\u03b2 clearance in alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr. Pharm. Design. 14, 1601\u20131605 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Design"},{"key":"11731_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2613.2000.00156.x","volume":"81","author":"KI Fukuchi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fukuchi, K. I., Li, L., Hart, M. & Lindsey, J. R. Accumulation of amyloid-\u03b2 protein in exocrine glands of Transgenic mice overexpressing a carboxyl terminal portion of amyloid protein precursor. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 81, 231\u2013239 (2000).","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"11731_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E745","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.280.5.E745","volume":"280","author":"PA Kern","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kern, P. A., Ranganathan, S., Li, C., Wood, L. & Ranganathan, G. Adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance. Am. J. physiology-endocrinology Metabolism. 280, E745\u2013E751 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. physiology-endocrinology Metabolism"},{"key":"11731_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, L. et al. Association of precuneus A\u03b2 burden with default mode network function. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia (2025).","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14380"},{"key":"11731_CR31","first-page":"1843","volume":"15","author":"M Dolatshahi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dolatshahi, M. et al. Alzheimer disease pathology and neurodegeneration in midlife obesity: a pilot study. Aging Disease. 15, 1843 (2024).","journal-title":"Aging Disease"},{"key":"11731_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bailly, M. et al. Precuneus and Cingulate Cortex Atrophy and Hypometabolism in Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: MRI and (18)F-FDG PET Quantitative Analysis Using FreeSurfer. Biomed Res Int 583931, (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/583931 (2015).","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/583931"},{"key":"11731_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23629","volume":"31","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Perigenual anterior cingulate cortex and its structural covariance as predictors for future body fat gain in young adults. Obesity 31, 446\u2013453 (2023).","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"11731_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaar3752","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar3752","volume":"10","author":"KW Ter Horst","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ter Horst, K. W. et al. Striatal dopamine regulates systemic glucose metabolism in humans and mice. Sci. Transl. Med. 10, eaar3752 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"11731_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-111340","volume":"28","author":"TG Beach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beach, T. G. et al. Striatal amyloid plaque density predicts Braak neurofibrillary stage and clinicopathological alzheimer\u2019s disease: implications for amyloid imaging. J. Alzheimers Dis. 28, 869\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2011-111340 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"11731_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03020-y","volume":"21","author":"G Biechele","year":"2024","unstructured":"Biechele, G. et al. Associations between sex, body mass index and the individual microglial response in alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neuroinflamm. 21, 30 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"11731_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000223","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.000223","volume":"13","author":"MF Ramirez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramirez, M. F. et al. Sex differences in protein biomarkers and measures of fat distribution. J. Am. Heart Association. 13, e000223 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Association"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-11731-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-11731-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-11731-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T10:48:42Z","timestamp":1757242122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-11731-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11731"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-11731-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this Article was revised: In the original version of this Article the legends of Table 1 and 2 contained an error. In the legend of Table 1, \u201c<i>BMI<\/i> body mass index, <i>MMSE<\/i> mini-mental state examination, <i>CDR<\/i> clinical dementia rating, <i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>\u2212<\/i><\/sup><i>CN<\/i> amyloid-negative cognitively unimpaired, <i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>+<\/i><\/sup><i>MCI<\/i> amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment, AD MCI, <i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>+<\/i><\/sup><i>D<\/i> amyloid-positive dementia, ADD.\u201d It now reads: \u201c<i>BMI<\/i> body mass index, <i>MMSE<\/i> mini-mental state examination, <i>CDR<\/i> clinical dementia rating, <i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>\u2212<\/i><\/sup><i>CN<\/i> amyloid-negative cognitively unimpaired, <i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>+<\/i><\/sup><i>MCI<\/i> amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment, <i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>+<\/i><\/sup><i>D<\/i> amyloid-positive dementia..\u201d In the legend of Table 2,\u201c\u2026<i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>+<\/i><\/sup><i>MCI<\/i> amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment, AD MCI, <i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>+<\/i><\/sup><i>D<\/i> amyloid-positive dementia, ADD.\u201d It now reads: \u201c<i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>+<\/i><\/sup><i>MCI<\/i> amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment, <i>A\u03b2<\/i><sup><i>+<\/i><\/sup><i>D<\/i> amyloid-positive dementia.\u201d The original Article has been corrected.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25513"}}