{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:31:49Z","timestamp":1755217909368,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>A localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor for hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) has been developed by coating a gold nanopattern with zinc oxide (ZnO) film. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S detection was achieved by monitoring changes in absorbance at a specific wavelength in the LSPR spectrum. The absorbance increased during exposure to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S and remained constant after H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S ceased. These responses indicate that the sensor can measure the integrated concentrations of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S. The sensitivity to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S was enhanced with increasing relative humidity, enabling detection of 0.05\u20133 ppm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S within 10\u00a0min at 70% relative humidity. The sensor\u2019s sensitivity and LSPR spectrum could be restored by heating it at 500\u00a0\u00b0C in air. Notably, the sensor did not respond to methyl mercaptan or dimethyl sulfide, demonstrating high selectivity for H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S. This study highlights the potential of the ZnO-deposited LSPR sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12193-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T09:31:08Z","timestamp":1754040668000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of hydrogen sulfide using zinc oxide film"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Takimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Namiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuto","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoe","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohki","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Komiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Gessei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Monkawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"12193_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e521","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00142-2","volume":"2","author":"J Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel, J. et al. Oral health for healthy ageing. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2, e521\u2013e527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00142-2 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"key":"12193_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575428","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2020.575428","volume":"1","author":"D Duangthip","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duangthip, D. & Chu, C. H. Challenges in oral hygiene and oral health policy. Front. Oral Health. 1, 575428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2020.575428 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Oral Health"},{"key":"12193_CR3","first-page":"257","volume":"66","author":"K Yaegaki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yaegaki, K., Coil, J. M. & Examination Classification, and treatment of halitosis; clinical perspectives. J. Can. Dent. Assoc. 66, 257\u2013261 (2000). https:\/\/www.cda-adc.ca\/jcda\/vol-66\/issue-5\/257.html","journal-title":"J. Can. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"12193_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12699","volume":"24","author":"MK Nakhleh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakhleh, M. K., Quatredeniers, M. & Haick, H. Detection of halitosis in breath: Between the past, present, and future. Oral Dis.24, 685\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.12699 (2018).","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"12193_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1886277","volume":"2022","author":"DD Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, D. D. et al. Role of hydrogen sulfide in oral disease. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev.2022, 1886277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/1886277 (2022).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"12193_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12725","volume":"65","author":"J Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, J., Cannon, R. D., Ji, P., Farella, M. & Mei, L. Halitosis: prevalence, risk factors, sources, measurement and treatment - a review of the literature. Aust Dent. J. 65, 4\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adj.12725 (2020).","journal-title":"Aust Dent. J."},{"key":"12193_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2012.39","volume":"4","author":"CM Bollen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bollen, C. M. & Beikler, T. Halitosis: The multidisciplinary approach. Int. J. Oral Sci.4, 55\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijos.2012.39 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"12193_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242008000500007","volume":"22","author":"JR Cortelli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cortelli, J. R., Barbosa, M. D. S. & Westphal, M. A. Halitosis: A review of associated factors and therapeutic approach. Braz. Oral Res. 44\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1806-83242008000500007 (2008).","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"12193_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.107255","volume":"4","author":"BU Aylikci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aylikci, B. U., Colak, H. & Halitosis From diagnosis to management. J. Nat. Sci. Biol. Med. 4, 14\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-9668.107255 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Nat. Sci. Biol. Med."},{"key":"12193_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40391-3","volume":"13","author":"YH Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, Y. H., Shin, S. I. & Hong, J. Y. Investigation of volatile sulfur compound level and halitosis in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Sci. Rep.13, 13175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-40391-3 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aydin, M. Criticism of the organoleptic examination for the diagnosis of oral halitosis. J. Breath. Res. 17 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/ac8faf (2022).","key":"12193_CR11","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ac8faf"},{"key":"12193_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.8267370","volume":"5","author":"SH Patil","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patil, S. H., Kulloli, A. & Kella, M. Unmasking oral malodor: A review. People\u2019s J. Sci. Res. 5, 61\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.8267370 (2012).","journal-title":"People\u2019s J. Sci. Res."},{"key":"12193_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050388","volume":"77","author":"T Murata","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murata, T. et al. Development of a compact and simple gas chromatography for oral malodor measurement. J. Periodontol.77, 1142\u20131147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2006.050388 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"unstructured":"Yoneda, M., Suzuki, N. & Hirofuji, T. Current status of the techniques used for halitosis analysis. Austin Chromatogr. 2 (2015).","key":"12193_CR14"},{"key":"12193_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b13043","volume":"10","author":"H Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song, H. et al. Light-enhanced carbon dioxide activation and conversion by effective plasmonic coupling effect of Pt and Au nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces10, 408\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.7b13043 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"12193_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SC00064K","volume":"12","author":"S Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo, S., Ren, X., Lin, H., Song, H. & Ye, J. Plasmonic photothermal catalysis for solar-to-fuel conversion: Current status and prospects. Chem. Sci.12, 5701\u20135719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D1SC00064K (2021).","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"12193_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10993","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c07086","volume":"11","author":"H Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, H. et al. Near-Infrared Plasmon-Driven nitrogen photofixation achieved by assembling Size-Controllable gold nanoparticles on TiO2 nanocavity arrays. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 11, 10993\u201311001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c07086 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"12193_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2010.03.023","volume":"81","author":"KJ Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, K. J. & Lu, C. J. A vapor sensor array using multiple localized surface plasmon resonance bands in a single UV-vis spectrum. Talanta 81, 1670\u20131675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2010.03.023 (2010).","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"12193_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8042","DOI":"10.1021\/ac102127p","volume":"82","author":"LE Kreno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kreno, L. E., Hupp, J. T. & Van Duyne, R. P. Metal\u2013organic framework thin film for enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance gas sensing. Anal. Chem.82, 8042\u20138046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac102127p (2010).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"12193_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.01.056","volume":"195","author":"J Cao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cao, J., Sun, T. & Grattan, K. T. V. Gold nanorod-based localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors: A review. Sens. Actuators, B Chem.195, 332\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2014.01.056 (2014).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B Chem."},{"key":"12193_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.03.009","volume":"81","author":"NR Jo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jo, N. R., Lee, K. J. & Shin, Y. B. Enzyme-coupled nanoplasmonic biosensing of cancer markers in human serum. Biosens. Bioelectron.81, 324\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2016.03.009 (2016).","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"12193_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104607","volume":"58","author":"KA Willets","year":"2007","unstructured":"Willets, K. A. & Van Duyne, R. P. Localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 58, 267\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104607 (2007).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"12193_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs2005.100","volume":"30","author":"AJ Haes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haes, A. J. et al. Plasmonic materials for surface-enhanced sensing and spectroscopy. MRS Bull.30, 368\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1557\/mrs2005.100 (2005).","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"12193_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2014.10.015","volume":"132","author":"CC Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu, C. C. & Chen, H. L. Nanoimprint technology for patterning functional materials and its applications. Microelectron. Eng.132, 98\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mee.2014.10.015 (2015).","journal-title":"Microelectron. Eng."},{"key":"12193_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2014.11.047","volume":"587","author":"M Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi, M. et al. Fabrication and characterization of gold nanocrown arrays on a gold film for a high-sensitivity surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Thin Solid Films587, 43\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsf.2014.11.047 (2015).","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"12193_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.6b00649","volume":"3","author":"M Kang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kang, M., Losego, M., Sachet, E., Maria, J. P. & Franzen, S. Near-infrared optical extinction of indium tin oxide structures prepared by nanosphere lithography. ACS Photonics3, 1993\u20131999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsphotonics.6b00649 (2016).","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"12193_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1021\/cm100297q","volume":"22","author":"E Della Gaspera","year":"2010","unstructured":"Della Gaspera, E. et al. Au nanoparticles in nanocrystalline TiO2 \u2013\u2009NiO films for SPR-based, selective H2S gas sensing. Chem. Mater.22, 3407\u20133417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cm100297q (2010).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"12193_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.05.075","volume":"186","author":"R Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, R., Morris, H. R. & Whitmore, P. M. Fast detection of hydrogen sulfide gas in the ppmv range with silver nanoparticle films at ambient conditions. Sens. Actuators, B Chem.186, 431\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2013.05.075 (2013).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B Chem."},{"key":"12193_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.133585","volume":"383","author":"Y Takimoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takimoto, Y. et al. Localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of SO2 and H2S using zeolitic imidazolate framework-8. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 383, 133585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2023.133585 (2023).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"12193_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2010.2044550","volume":"98","author":"\u00dc \u00d6zg\u00fcr","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr, \u00dc., Hofstetter, D. & Morko\u00e7, H. ZnO devices and applications: A review of current status and future prospects. Proc. IEEE.98, 1255\u20131268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2010.2044550 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE."},{"key":"12193_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9755","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00095","volume":"117","author":"MS Shah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shah, M. S., Tsapatsis, M. & Siepmann, J. I. Hydrogen sulfide capture: From absorption in polar liquids to oxide, zeolite, and metal-organic framework adsorbents and membranes. Chem. Rev.117, 9755\u20139803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00095 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"12193_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3390\/catal10050521","volume":"10","author":"A Georgiadis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Georgiadis, A., Charisiou, N. & Goula, M. Removal of hydrogen sulfide from various industrial gases: A review of the most promising adsorbing materials. Catalysts 10, 521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/catal10050521 (2020).","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"12193_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30768","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01635","volume":"7","author":"K Komatsu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Komatsu, K., Iwamoto, T., Ito, H. & Saitoh, H. THz gas sensing using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with ceramic architecture. ACS Omega7, 30768\u201330772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c01635 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"12193_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2014.12.163","volume":"628","author":"ZS Hosseini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hosseini, Z. S., Mortezaali, A., Iraji zad, A. & Fardindoost, S. Sensitive and selective room temperature H2S gas sensor based on Au sensitized vertical ZnO nanorods with flower-like structures. J. Alloys Compd.628, 222\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2014.12.163 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"12193_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.08.120","volume":"240","author":"Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Xu, P., Xu, T., Zheng, D. & Li, X. ZnO-nanowire size effect induced ultra-high sensing response to ppb-level H2S. Sens. Actuators, B Chem.240, 264\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2016.08.120 (2017).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B Chem."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wiheeb, A. D. et al. Present technologies for hydrogen sulfide removal from gaseous mixtures. Rev. Chem. Eng. 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revce-2013-0017 (2013).","key":"12193_CR36","DOI":"10.1515\/revce-2013-0017"},{"key":"12193_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11868","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cp51525g","volume":"15","author":"R Tabassum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabassum, R., Mishra, S. K. & Gupta, B. D. Surface plasmon resonance-based fiber optic hydrogen sulphide gas sensor utilizing Cu-ZnO thin films. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 11868\u201311874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c3cp51525g (2013).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"12193_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.04.108","volume":"218","author":"SP Usha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Usha, S. P., Mishra, S. K. & Gupta, B. D. Fiber optic hydrogen sulfide gas sensors utilizing ZnO thin film\/zno nanoparticles: A comparison of surface plasmon resonance and lossy mode resonance. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 218, 196\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2015.04.108 (2015).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"12193_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2014.04.137","volume":"39","author":"E Hong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hong, E. & Kim, J. H. Oxide content optimized ZnS\u2013ZnO heterostructures via facile thermal treatment process for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy\u00a039, 9985\u20139993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2014.04.137 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"12193_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-019-01099-1","volume":"15","author":"Y Takimoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takimoto, Y. et al. Detection of SO2 at the ppm level with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing. Plasmonics15, 805\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11468-019-01099-1 (2019).","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polyanskiy, M. N. Refractive index database. https:\/\/refractiveindex.info. Accessed on 2024-10-11.","key":"12193_CR41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02898-2"},{"key":"12193_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127371","volume":"304","author":"E Mansour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mansour, E. et al. Measurement of temperature and relative humidity in exhaled breath. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 304, 127371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127371 (2020).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"12193_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15366","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.8b03431","volume":"57","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Critical role of water on the surface of ZnO in H2S removal at room temperature. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57, 15366\u201315374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.iecr.8b03431 (2018).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"12193_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.4.308","volume":"60","author":"MG Costigan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Costigan, M. G. Hydrogen sulfide: UK occupational exposure limits. Occup. Environ. Med.60, 308\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.60.4.308 (2003).","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"12193_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2023.2229925","volume":"53","author":"S Batterman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Batterman, S., Grant-Alfieri, A. & Seo, S. H. Low level exposure to hydrogen sulfide: A review of emissions, community exposure, health effects, and exposure guidelines. Crit. Rev. Toxicol.\u00a053, 244\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408444.2023.2229925 (2023).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"12193_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1039\/ft9969203247","volume":"92","author":"M Casarin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Casarin, M. et al. An experimental and theoretical study of the interaction of CH3OH and CH3SH with ZnO. J. Chem. SOC. Faraday Trans. 92, 3247\u20133258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/ft9969203247 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Chem. SOC. Faraday Trans."},{"key":"12193_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18982","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b04715","volume":"122","author":"S Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, S., Somaratne, R. M. D. S. & Whitten, J. E. Effect of adsorption on the photoluminescence of zinc oxide nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. C. 122, 18982\u201318994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b04715 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"12193_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.01.066","volume":"196","author":"A Monkawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Monkawa, A. et al. With high sensitivity and with wide-dynamic-range localized surface-plasmon resonance sensor for volatile organic compounds. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 196, 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2014.01.066 (2014).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12193-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12193-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12193-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T22:09:22Z","timestamp":1754431762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12193-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-12193-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28087"}}