{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T07:27:17Z","timestamp":1770535637730,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12249-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:43:58Z","timestamp":1753317838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of factors affecting difficulty in handling oral medicine using electronic medication notebook-based personal health records"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuri","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shungo","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Kizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Kuriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nao","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Sando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomo","family":"Ishijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4596-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoko","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"12249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200825020-00007","volume":"25","author":"T Kairuz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kairuz, T. et al. Identifying compliance issues with prescription medicines among older people: A pilot study. Drug Agi. 25, 153\u2013162 (2008).","journal-title":"Drug Agi"},{"key":"12249_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200522030-00005","volume":"22","author":"EJ MacLaughlin","year":"2005","unstructured":"MacLaughlin, E. J. et al. Assessing medication adherence in the elderly: which tools to use in clinical practice? Drug Agi. 22, 231\u2013255 (2005).","journal-title":"Drug Agi"},{"key":"12249_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.5649\/jjphcs.30.312","volume":"30","author":"N Owaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Owaki, N. et al. A multi-center study on convenience of removing tablets and capsules from heat-sealed packages. Jpn J. Pharm. Health Care Sci. 30, 312\u2013320 (2004).","journal-title":"Jpn J. Pharm. Health Care Sci."},{"key":"12249_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-005-7903-z","volume":"27","author":"A Beckman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beckman, A., Bernsten, C., Parker, M. G., Thorslund, M. & Fastbom, J. The difficulty of opening medicine containers in old age: A population-based study. Pharm. World Sci. 27, 393\u2013398 (2005).","journal-title":"Pharm. World Sci."},{"key":"12249_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.5649\/jjphcs.32.842","volume":"32","author":"T Oshima","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oshima, T., Hori, S., Maida, C. & Miyamoto, E. Effect of size and shape of tablets and capsules on ease of grasping and swallowing (1): comparison between elderly and students. Jpn J. Pharm. Health Care Sci. 32, 842\u2013848 (2006).","journal-title":"Jpn J. Pharm. Health Care Sci."},{"key":"12249_CR6","first-page":"417","volume":"10","author":"H Sato","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sato, H., Saito, S. & Ikeda, M. Shape of tablets for ease of swallowing by senior citizens. J. Jpn Soc. Kansei Eng. 10, 417\u2013423 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Jpn Soc. Kansei Eng."},{"key":"12249_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12100905","volume":"12","author":"Z Shariff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shariff, Z., Kirby, D., Missaghi, S., Rajabi-Siahboomi, A. & Maidment, I. Patient-centric medicine design: key characteristics of oral solid dosage forms that improve adherence and acceptance in older people. Pharma 12, 905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics12100905 (2020).","journal-title":"Pharma"},{"key":"12249_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S253663","volume":"14","author":"K Kabeya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kabeya, K., Satoh, H., Hori, S., Miura, Y. & Sawada, Y. Threshold size of medical tablets and capsules: based on information collected by Japanese medical wholesaler. Pat. Prefer Adherence. 14, 1251\u20131258 (2020).","journal-title":"Pat. Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"12249_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5649\/jjphcs.34.289","volume":"34","author":"N Natori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Natori, N., Hanawa, K., Suzuki, M., Hanawa, T. & Oguchi, T. Investigation of desired dosage forms for internal medicines: comparison of preference among medical staff and patients. Jpn J. Pharm. Health Care Sci. 34, 289\u2013296 (2008).","journal-title":"Jpn J. Pharm. Health Care Sci."},{"key":"12249_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041315","volume":"15","author":"H Hummler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hummler, H. et al. Influence of solid oral dosage form characteristics on swallowability, visual perception, and handling in older adults. Pharma 15, 1315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041315 (2023).","journal-title":"Pharma"},{"key":"12249_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.44.627","volume":"44","author":"H Miura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miura, H. & Kariyasu, M. [Effect of size of tablets on easiness of swallowing and handling among the frail elderly]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 44, 627\u2013633 (2007).","journal-title":"Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"12249_CR12","first-page":"31","volume":"12","author":"H Takeshita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takeshita, H. et al. Scientific evaluation of the procedure allowing patients to easily press out a tablet from the press-through pack. J. Comm. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 12, 31\u201338 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Comm. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"12249_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54645","DOI":"10.2196\/54645","volume":"26","author":"M Asano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Asano, M. et al. Factor analysis of patients who find tablets or capsules difficult to swallow due to their large size: using the personal health record infrastructure of electronic medication notebooks. J. Med. Internet Res. 26, e54645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/54645 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"12249_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16355","volume":"91","author":"M Tsuchiya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tsuchiya, M. et al. Exploring the factors associated with difficulties in extracting tablets or capsules from press-through-package sheets. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 91, 479\u2013484 (2025).","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"12249_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748809098778","volume":"17","author":"BN Verheggen-Laming","year":"1988","unstructured":"Verheggen-Laming, B. N. et al. Comparison of packages for suppositories by patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 17, 161\u2013165 (1988).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"12249_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.35.2.174","volume":"35","author":"V Wright","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wright, V. & Hopkins, R. Administration of antirheumatic drugs. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 35, 174\u2013176 (1976).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"12249_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6418.699","volume":"288","author":"P Le Gallez","year":"1984","unstructured":"Le Gallez, P., Bird, H. A., Wright, V. & Bennett, A. P. Comparison of 12 different containers for dispensing anti-inflammatory drugs. Br. Med. J. (Clin Res. Ed). 288, 699\u2013701 (1984).","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. (Clin Res. Ed)"},{"key":"12249_CR18","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Guidance on Appropriate Medication for Elderly Patients. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/11121000\/kourei-tekisei_web.pdf. (2018)."},{"key":"12249_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05340-3","volume":"35","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Association between polypharmacy and 2-year outcomes among Chinese older inpatients: a multi-center cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 35, 748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05340-3 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"12249_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(00)00118-3","volume":"35","author":"AE Wluka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wluka, A. E., Cicuttini, F. M. & Spector, T. D. Menopause, oestrogens and arthritis. Maturitas 35, 183\u2013199 (2000).","journal-title":"Maturitas"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12249-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12249-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12249-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T20:59:46Z","timestamp":1757278786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12249-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-12249-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Yukiko Ito, Makoto Tsuchiya, Ryoko Kuriyama, Nao Yoshida, Masanori Shimada, and Takanori Sando report employment relationships with harmo Co., Ltd. Takanori Sando and Tomo Ishijima are co-CEOs of harmo Co., Ltd, which operates the harmo\u00ae system used in this study. Other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy (Approval No. 221111-1, 230420-1). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"This study included a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire survey (web-based questionnaire). Only those who consented to participation in the questionnaire survey and provision of personal health records were asked to complete the questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and\/or their legal guardian(s).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"26867"}}