{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:31:44Z","timestamp":1789475504751,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12435-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T16:47:00Z","timestamp":1753462020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Polymerase spiral reaction assay for rapid visual detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fecal samples"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9229-5162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinod Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chayanika","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharad K.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"12435_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6870","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.12.6870-6883.2004","volume":"72","author":"HC Koo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Koo, H. C. et al. Analysis of the immune response to Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis in experimentally infected calves. Infect. Immun. 72 (12), 6870\u20136883 (2004).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"12435_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.05.018","volume":"132","author":"SS Nielsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nielsen, S. S. Transitions in diagnostic tests used for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis infections in cattle. Vet. Microbiol. 132, 274\u2013282 (2008).","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"12435_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.4.1173","volume":"86","author":"DY Kwoh","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kwoh, D. Y. et al. Transcription-based amplification system and detection of amplified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with a bead-based sandwich hybridization format. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (4), 1173\u20131177 (1989).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"12435_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1.1.25","volume":"1","author":"E Fahy","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fahy, E., Kwoh, D. Y. & Gingeras, T. R. Self-sustained sequence replication (3SR): an isothermal transcription-based amplification system alternative to PCR. PCR Meth Appl. 1, 25\u201333 (1991).","journal-title":"PCR Meth Appl."},{"key":"12435_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/350091a0","volume":"350","author":"J Compton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Compton, J. Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. Nature 350, 91\u201392 (1991).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"12435_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.7.1691","volume":"20","author":"GT Walker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Walker, G. T. et al. Strand displacement amplification-an isothermal, in vitro DNA amplification technique. Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (7), 1691\u20131696 (1992).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"22","key":"12435_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5073","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.22.5073","volume":"26","author":"J Baner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baner, J., Nilsson, M., Mendel-Hartvig, M. & Landegren, U. Signal amplification of padlock probes by rolling circle replication. Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (22), 5073\u20135078 (1998).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"12435_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E63","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63","volume":"28","author":"T Notomi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Notomi, T. et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 28 (12), E63 (2000).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"12435_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400200","volume":"5","author":"M Vincent","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vincent, M., Xu, Y. & Kong, H. Helicase-dependent isothermal DNA amplification. EMBO Rep. 5 (8), 795\u2013800 (2004).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"12435_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.053694","volume":"51","author":"N Kurn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kurn, N. et al. Novel isothermal, linear nucleic acid amplification systems for highly multiplexed applications. Clin. Chem. 51 (10), 1973 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"12435_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01528-08","volume":"47","author":"R Fang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fang, R. et al. Cross-priming amplification for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47 (3), 845\u2013847 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"12435_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13882","volume":"125","author":"A Das","year":"2018","unstructured":"Das, A. et al. Rapid visual isothermal nucleic acid-based detection assay of Brucella species by polymerase spiral reaction. J. Appl. Microbiol. 125 (3), 646\u2013654 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"12435_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3321-5","volume":"162","author":"V Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta, V. et al. Polymerase spiral reaction (PSR): a novel, visual isothermal amplification method for detection of canine parvovirus 2 genomic DNA. Arch. Virol. 162 (7), 1995\u20132001 (2017).","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"12435_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.11.004","volume":"644","author":"JA Malla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malla, J. A. et al. Novel polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) for rapid visual detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 genomic DNA from aborted bovine fetus and semen. Gene 644, 107\u2013112 (2018).","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"12435_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jain, M. et al. Development of rELISA using novel markers for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis. J. Immunol. Methods 497, 113105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jim.2021.113105 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2021.113105"},{"issue":"1","key":"12435_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2006000100001","volume":"26","author":"P Ristow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ristow, P., Silva, M. G., de Souza, F. & Lilenbaum, W. Evaluation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis faecal culture protocols and media. Pesq Vet. Bras. 26 (1), 1\u20134 (2006).","journal-title":"Pesq Vet. Bras."},{"key":"12435_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870401600105","volume":"16","author":"JR Stabel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stabel, J. R., Bosworth, T. L., Kirkbride, T. A., Forde, R. L. & Whitlock, R. H. A simple, rapid, and effective method for the extraction of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis DNA from fecal samples for polymerase chain reaction. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 16, 22\u201330 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"12435_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42903","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42903","volume":"7","author":"G Wo\u017aniakowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wo\u017aniakowski, G. et al. Polymerase cross-linking spiral reaction (PCLSR) for detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in pigs and wild boars. Sci. Rep. 7, 42903 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"12435_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-838246220131206","volume":"46","author":"M Trangoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trangoni, M. et al. LAMP technology: rapid identification of Brucella and Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. Braz J. Microbiol. 46, 619\u2013626 (2015).","journal-title":"Braz J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"12435_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168733","volume":"11","author":"S Hansen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hansen, S., Schafer, J., Fechner, K., Czerny, C. P. & Abd El-Wahed, A. Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of the Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. PLoS One. 11 (12), e0168733 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"12435_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12459","volume":"64","author":"K Fechner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fechner, K. et al. Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis in a sub-clinical naturally infected German Fleckvieh bull. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 64, 916\u2013928 (2015).","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"12435_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-014-1328-x","volume":"175","author":"XR Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, X. R. et al. Rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Appl. Biochem. Biotech. 175, 882\u2013891 (2015).","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotech."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12435-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12435-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12435-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T23:40:48Z","timestamp":1757288448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12435-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-12435-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was approved with approval no. IAEC\/18\/25 by Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of DUVASU, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, registered with, Committee for Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CCSEA), Government of India with registration no. 386\/PO\/ReBi-S\/ReRcBi-L\/2001\/CPCSEA.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"27149"}}