{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:27:07Z","timestamp":1782858427261,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12736-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T11:01:20Z","timestamp":1754046080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Next generation antimicrobial peptide disinfectant targeting biocide and vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus through integrated in Silico and in vitro validation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-3179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Umer","family":"Asghar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9366-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arsalan Haseeb","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9181-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor Ul","family":"Ain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"12736_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0894-4","volume":"26","author":"KR Chng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chng, K. R. et al. Cartography of opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in a tertiary hospital environment. Nat. Med. 26 (6), 941\u2013951 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"12736_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122709","volume":"15","author":"A \u00c4lg\u00e5","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00c4lg\u00e5, A. et al. Perceptions of healthcare-associated infection and antibiotic resistance among physicians treating Syrian patients with war-related injuries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 15 (12), 2709 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"21","key":"12736_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11100","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111100","volume":"18","author":"EC Christenson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christenson, E. C. et al. Evidence map and systematic review of disinfection efficacy on environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 18 (21), 11100 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"12736_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.09.025","volume":"47","author":"Z Saleem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saleem, Z. et al. A multicenter point prevalence survey of healthcare\u2013associated infections in pakistan: findings and implications. Am. J. Infect. Control. 47 (4), 421\u2013424 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"12736_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asghar, M. U. et al. Molecular distribution of biocide resistance genes and susceptibility to biocides among Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolates from intensive care unit (ICU) of cardiac hospital-A first report from Pakistan. Heliyon 9(12), (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22120"},{"key":"12736_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mei, D. et al. PEGylated graphene oxide carried OH-CATH30 to accelerate the healing of infected skin wounds. Int. J. Nanomed. 4769\u20134780 (2021).","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S304702"},{"issue":"5","key":"12736_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e549","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2023.102","volume":"38","author":"MU Asghar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asghar, M. U. et al. Investigating oxidative stress levels in pregnant patients infected with hepatitis C virus and bacterial vaginosis for better treatment option. Oman Med. J. 38 (5), e549 (2023).","journal-title":"Oman Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"12736_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00335-7","volume":"8","author":"J Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu, J. et al. Clinically relevant pathogens on surfaces display differences in survival and transcriptomic response in relation to probiotic and traditional cleaning strategies. Npj Biofilms Microbiomes. 8 (1), 72 (2022).","journal-title":"Npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"12736_CR9","unstructured":"Bhowmick, S. Exploiting Traditional Chinese Medicine for Potential Anti-microbial Drug Leads (Aberystwyth University, 2021)."},{"key":"12736_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.110567","volume":"69","author":"DJ Das","year":"2020","unstructured":"Das, D. J. et al. Critical insights into antibiotic resistance transferability in probiotic Lactobacillus. Nutrition 69, 110567 (2020).","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"12736_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477152","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1477152","volume":"15","author":"J Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, J. et al. Genomic insights and functional evaluation of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei EG005: a promising probiotic with enhanced antioxidant activity. Front. Microbiol. 15, 1477152 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"12736_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qumsani, A. T. The Contribution of Microorganisms To Sustainable Development: Towards a Green Future Through Synthetic Biology and Systems Biologyp. 1\u201317 (Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences, 2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/s43994-024-00180-8"},{"key":"12736_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffith, C. Surface sampling and the detection of contamination, in Handbook of hygiene control in the food industry Elsevier. pp. 673\u2013696. (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100155-4.00044-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"12736_CR14","first-page":"26","volume":"20","author":"B Jamil","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jamil, B. et al. Isolation of Bacillus subtilis MH-4 from soil and its potential of polypeptidic antibiotic production. Pak J. Pharm. Sci. 20 (1), 26\u201331 (2007).","journal-title":"Pak J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"12736_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","volume":"35","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar, S. et al. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35 (6), 1547\u20131549 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"4","key":"12736_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2008.04105.x","volume":"106","author":"S Riazi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riazi, S. et al. Characterization of lactosporin, a novel antimicrobial protein produced by Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050. J. Appl. Microbiol. 106 (4), 1370\u20131377 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"12736_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710741","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.710741","volume":"12","author":"S Choyam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choyam, S., Jain, P. M. & Kammara, R. Characterization of a potent new-generation antimicrobial peptide of Bacillus. Front. Microbiol. 12, 710741 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"12736_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01034","volume":"6","author":"S Choyam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choyam, S. et al. Assessing the antimicrobial activities of ocins. Front. Microbiol. 6, 1034 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"12736_CR19","unstructured":"Institute, C. L. S. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, CLSI supplement M100 (2022)."},{"key":"12736_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02788897","volume":"42","author":"E Azevedo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Azevedo, E. et al. Bacitracin production by a new strain of Bacillus subtilis: extraction, purification, and characterization. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 42, 1\u20137 (1993).","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"8","key":"12736_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2018.05.019","volume":"26","author":"AS Al-Thubiani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Thubiani, A. S. et al. Identification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide compound produced by Bacillus megaterium strain isolated from oral microflora. Saudi Pharm. J. 26 (8), 1089\u20131097 (2018).","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"issue":"01","key":"12736_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.13404","volume":"15","author":"N Hussain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussain, N. et al. Evaluation of the probiotic and postbiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria from artisanal dairy products against pathogens. J. Infect. Developing Ctries. 15 (01), 102\u2013112 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Developing Ctries."},{"key":"12736_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahire, J. et al. Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptide produced by indigenously isolated Bacillus paralicheniformis UBBLi30 strain. 3 Biotech, 10(3): p. 112. (2020).","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-2109-6"},{"key":"12736_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124234","volume":"1243","author":"F Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, F., Yu, J. & Wu, Y. Optimal conditions for determination of bacitracin, bacitracin zinc and bacitracin methylene disalicylate in animal feed by ultra-performance liquid tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B. 1243, 124234 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"12736_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00320-0","volume":"8","author":"LB Oyama","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oyama, L. B. et al. In Silico identification of two peptides with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Npj Biofilms Microbiomes. 8 (1), 58 (2022).","journal-title":"Npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"issue":"5","key":"12736_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03299.x","volume":"17","author":"M Vading","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vading, M. et al. Comparison of disk diffusion, etest and VITEK2 for detection of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with the EUCAST and CLSI breakpoint systems. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 17 (5), 668\u2013674 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"12736_CR27","unstructured":"Sheldon, E. J. Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Using Whole Genome Sequencing (University of Warwick, 2018)."},{"issue":"5","key":"12736_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","volume":"19","author":"A Bankevich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bankevich, A. et al. SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J. Comput. Biol. 19 (5), 455\u2013477 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"14","key":"12736_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","volume":"30","author":"T Seemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seemann, T. Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics 30 (14), 2068\u20132069 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"12736_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-119","volume":"11","author":"D Hyatt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hyatt, D. et al. Prodigal: prokaryotic gene recognition and translation initiation site identification. BMC Bioinform. 11, 1\u201311 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"12736_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","volume":"12","author":"NF Alikhan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alikhan, N. F. et al. BLAST ring image generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genome comparisons. BMC Genom. 12, 1\u201310 (2011).","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"issue":"4","key":"12736_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx146","volume":"20","author":"K Blin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blin, K. et al. Recent development of antismash and other computational approaches to mine secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Brief. Bioinform. 20 (4), 1103\u20131113 (2019).","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"12736_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106083","volume":"178","author":"M Anusha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anusha, M. et al. Gene network interaction analysis to elucidate the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in the Clostridium difficile. Microb. Pathog. 178, 106083 (2023).","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"20","key":"12736_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12732-9","volume":"107","author":"AB Hafeez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hafeez, A. B. et al. Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial potential of bacteria isolated from Polish honey. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 107 (20), 6389\u20136406 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"W1","key":"12736_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W449","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw329","volume":"44","author":"A Lamiable","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lamiable, A. et al. PEP-FOLD3: faster de Novo structure prediction for linear peptides in solution and in complex. Nucleic Acids Res. 44 (W1), W449\u2013W454 (2016).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"12736_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Chan, H. S. & Hu, Z. Using PyMOL as a platform for computational drug design. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science, 7(2): p. e1298. (2017).","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.1298"},{"issue":"2","key":"12736_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517517741163","volume":"89","author":"A Dural-Erem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dural-Erem, A. et al. Biocontrol of solid surfaces in hospitals using microbial-based wipes. Text. Res. J. 89 (2), 216\u2013222 (2019).","journal-title":"Text. Res. J."},{"key":"12736_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fauci, V. et al. An innovative approach to hospital sanitization using probiotics: in vitro and field trials. (2015).","DOI":"10.4172\/1948-5948.1000198"},{"key":"12736_CR39","first-page":"1269392","volume":"14","author":"S Jalalifar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jalalifar, S. et al. A hope for ineffective antibiotics to return to treatment: investigating the anti-biofilm potential of Melittin alone and in combination with penicillin and Oxacillin against multidrug resistant-MRSA and-VRSA. Microbiol 14, 1269392 (2024). Front.","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"key":"12736_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455759","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1455759","volume":"15","author":"RT Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan, R. T. et al. Prevention and potential remedies for antibiotic resistance: current research and future prospects. Front. Microbiol. 15, 1455759 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"12736_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020328","volume":"12","author":"C Michaelis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Michaelis, C. & Grohmann, E. Horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in biofilms. Antibiotics 12 (2), 328 (2023).","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"14","key":"12736_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26144277","volume":"26","author":"L Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, L. et al. The effects of natural products and environmental conditions on antimicrobial resistance. Molecules 26 (14), 4277 (2021).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"12736_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.08.001","volume":"27","author":"I Ahmad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmad, I., Malak, H. A. & Abulreesh, H. H. Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health. J. Glob Antimicrob. Resist. 27, 101\u2013111 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Glob Antimicrob. Resist."},{"issue":"6","key":"12736_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00400","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00400-24","volume":"90","author":"M Ishikawa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishikawa, M. & Hori, K. The elimination of two restriction enzyme genes allows for electroporation-based transformation and CRISPR-Cas9-based base editing in the non-competent Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 90 (6), e00400\u2013e00424 (2024).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"12736_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03509","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03509-22","volume":"11","author":"C Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, C. et al. The DNA phosphorothioation restriction-modification system influences the antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Microbiol. Spectr. 11 (1), e03509\u2013e03522 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"5","key":"12736_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9050954","volume":"9","author":"T Zohra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zohra, T. et al. Cracking the challenge of antimicrobial drug resistance with CRISPR\/Cas9, nanotechnology and other strategies in ESKAPE pathogens. Microorganisms 9 (5), 954 (2021).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"12736_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2016.06.001","volume":"7","author":"SA Suleiman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suleiman, S. A. et al. Analysis of bacitracin and its related substances by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Anal. 7 (1), 48\u201355 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"issue":"3","key":"12736_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.2c00661","volume":"12","author":"F Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, F., van Heel, A. J. & Kuipers, O. P. Leader-and terminal residue requirements for circularin A biosynthesis probed by systematic mutational analyses. ACS Synth. Biol. 12 (3), 852\u2013862 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"12736_CR49","first-page":"7910","volume":"21","author":"EC Panel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Panel, E. C. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme subtilisin from the non-genetically modified Bacillus paralicheniformis strain LMG S-30155. EFSA J. 21 (6), 7910 (2023).","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"issue":"3","key":"12736_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.1c00593","volume":"11","author":"Z Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, Z. et al. Transcriptome analysis of Bacillus licheniformis for improving bacitracin production. ACS Synth. Biol. 11 (3), 1325\u20131335 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"12736_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synbio.2018.10.009","volume":"3","author":"J Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu, J. et al. Enhancement of precursor amino acid supplies for improving bacitracin production by activation of branched chain amino acid transporter BrnQ and deletion of its regulator gene Lrp in Bacillus licheniformis. Synth. Syst. Biotechnol. 3 (4), 236\u2013243 (2018).","journal-title":"Synth. Syst. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"12736_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1039\/C6MD00607H","volume":"8","author":"K Towle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Towle, K. & Vederas, J. Structural features of many circular and leaderless bacteriocins are similar to those in saposins and saposin-like peptides. MedChemComm 8 (2), 276\u2013285 (2017).","journal-title":"MedChemComm"},{"issue":"10","key":"12736_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.03.020","volume":"46","author":"H Siani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siani, H., Wesgate, R. & Maillard, J. Y. Impact of antimicrobial wipes compared with hypochlorite solution on environmental surface contamination in a health care setting: a double-crossover study. Am. J. Infect. Control. 46 (10), 1180\u20131187 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"12736_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, X., Vossebein, L. & Zille, A. Efficacy of disinfectant-impregnated Wipes Used for Surface Disinfection in Hospitals: a Review8p. 1\u201314 (Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 2019).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0595-2"},{"key":"12736_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58259-3_7","volume":"49","author":"R Weeks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weeks, R., Algburi, A. & Chikindas, M. Antimicrobial peptides and peptidomimetics for the control of antimicrobial resistance. Sustainable Agric. Reviews. 49, 205\u2013249 (2021). Natural and Synthetic Approaches.","journal-title":"Sustainable Agric. Reviews"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12736-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12736-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12736-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T11:29:06Z","timestamp":1757330946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-12736-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-12736-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Committee (IERC) of the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC) (approval letter no. 17\u20132019\/DME\/FIC\/FSD). As the study did not involve direct patient interaction, medical records, or human biological materials, only environmental samples from hospitals were utilized. Prior to collecting environmental samples, patients and their legal guardians were informed. We ensured compliance with all applicable regulations, including IERC approval, according to institutional and national guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No human patients were included in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could influence the work reported in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of competing interest"}}],"article-number":"28108"}}