{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:15:40Z","timestamp":1781093740513,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82401622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023QH131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QH131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-2-1-148-zyyd-jch"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-2-1-148-zyyd-jch"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction","award":["NO. 2023B121203001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. 2023B121203001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13083-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T19:24:43Z","timestamp":1753903483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Magnetic nanoparticles influence the biological function of mesenchymal stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"13083_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.04.002","volume":"29","author":"BN Kharbikar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kharbikar, B. N., Mohindra, P. & Desai, T. A. Biomaterials to enhance stem cell transplantation. Cell. Stem Cell.29, 692\u2013721 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell. Stem Cell."},{"key":"13083_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10171","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10171","volume":"6","author":"H Bomba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bomba, H. et al. Personalized-induced neural stem cell therapy: generation, transplant, and safety in a large animal model. Bioeng. Transl Med. 6, e10171 (2020).","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl Med."},{"key":"13083_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03737-w","volume":"15","author":"Z Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao, Z. et al. Promoting Alzheimer\u2019s disease research and therapy with stem cell technology. Stem Cell Res. Ther.15, 136 (2024).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"13083_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2025.01.005","volume":"27","author":"KL Blanc","year":"2025","unstructured":"Blanc, K. L. et al. ISCT MSC committee statement on the US FDA approval of allogenic bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy27, 413\u2013416 (2025).","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"13083_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14050538","volume":"14","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. MSC-based cell therapy in neurological diseases: A concise review of the literature in pre-clinical and clinical research. Biomolecules14, 538 (2024).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"13083_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031365","volume":"25","author":"S Gavasso","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gavasso, S. et al. The therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in MS-A review focusing on neuroprotective properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci.25(3), 1365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25031365 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"13083_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6224","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM01145G","volume":"12","author":"GF Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, G. F. & Zhang, X. Magnetic nanoparticles for use in bioimaging. Biomater. Sci.12, 6224\u20136236 (2024).","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"13083_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02808-0","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Y. & Hou, S. Application of magnetic nanoparticles in cell therapy. Stem Cell Res. Ther.13, 135 (2022).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"13083_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-019-01440-4","volume":"22","author":"J Glover","year":"2020","unstructured":"Glover, J. et al. In vivo cell tracking using non-invasive imaging of iron oxide-based particles with particular relevance for stem cell-based treatments of neurological and cardiac disease. Mol. Imaging Biol.22, 1469\u20131488 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"13083_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193459","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1193459","volume":"10","author":"HM Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng, H. M. A primer on in vivo cell tracking using MRI. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 10, 1193459 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"13083_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119942","volume":"243","author":"HY Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, H. Y. et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived magnetic extracellular nanovesicles for targeting and treatment of ischemic stroke. Biomaterials243, 119942 (2020).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"13083_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02100-0","volume":"21","author":"Y Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan, Y. et al. Functional roles of magnetic nanoparticles for the identification of metastatic lymph nodes in cancer patients. J. Nanobiotechnol.21, 337 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"13083_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X682125","volume":"24","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, H. J. et al. Improvement in spinal cord Injury-Induced bladder fibrosis using mesenchymal stem cell transplantation into the bladder wall. Cell. Transpl. 24, 1253\u20131263 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell. Transpl."},{"key":"13083_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062395","volume":"12","author":"R Jalli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jalli, R. et al. Cell proliferation, viability, differentiation, and apoptosis of Iron oxide labeled stem cells transfected with lipofectamine assessed by MRI. J. Clin. Med. 12, 2395 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"13083_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01490-2","volume":"9","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, Y. & Hou, S. Recent progress in the effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on cells and extracellular vesicles. Cell Death Discov.9, 195 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"13083_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.827470","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Odontogenic MSC heterogeneity: Challenges and opportunities for regenerative medicine. Front. Physiol.13, 827470 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"13083_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03287-7","volume":"14","author":"A Lotfy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lotfy, A., AboQuella, N. M. & Wang, H. Mesenchymal stromal\/stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in clinical trials. Stem Cell Res. Ther.14, 66 (2023).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"13083_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X13666180501120416","volume":"13","author":"\u00c1 Sierra-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sierra-S\u00e1nchez, \u00c1., Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Luque, A., Espinosa-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, O., Ruiz-Garc\u00eda, A. & Arias-Santiago, S. Epithelial in vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther.13, 409\u2013422 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"13083_CR19","unstructured":"Shan, L. & Multimodal Rhodamine B isothiocyanate-incorporated, silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle\u2013labeled human cord blood\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells for cell tracking. Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]MICAD available through PubMed: MICAD chapters are now accessible through PubMed. 2004\u20132013 (2010)."},{"key":"13083_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9101475","volume":"9","author":"T Shin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shin, T. et al. Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles decrease human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell migratory activity by reducing membrane fluidity and impairing focal adhesion. Nanomaterials9, 1475 (2019).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"13083_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.284997","volume":"15","author":"AM Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, A. M. et al. Human adipose tissue- and umbilical cord-derived stem cells: Which is a better alternative to treat spinal cord injury?. Neural Regen. Res.15, 2306\u20132317 (2020).","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"13083_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17122870","volume":"17","author":"J Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong, J. et al. The recent applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical fields. Materials17, 2870 (2024).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"13083_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54784-5","volume":"14","author":"A Remmo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Remmo, A. et al. Counting cells in motion by quantitative real-time magnetic particle imaging. Sci. Rep.14, 4253 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"13083_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00749-5","volume":"54","author":"Z Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie, Z. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and functional subpopulation identification. Exp. Mol. Med.54, 483\u2013492 (2022).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"13083_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00496-5","volume":"13","author":"M Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, M., Sui, K., Wang, Z. & Zhang, X. MSCsDB: A database of single-cell transcriptomic profiles and in-depth comprehensive analyses of human mesenchymal stem cells. Exp. Hematol. Oncol.13, 29 (2024).","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"13083_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00783-4","volume":"24","author":"C Escartin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Escartin, C. et al. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions. Nat. Neurosci.24, 312\u2013325 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"13083_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","volume":"541","author":"SA Liddelow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liddelow, S. A. et al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature 541, 481\u2013487 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"13083_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02222-y","volume":"12","author":"M Mebarki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mebarki, M., Abadie, C., Larghero, J. & Cras, A. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells: A promising candidate for the development of advanced therapy medicinal products. Stem Cell Res. Ther.12, 152 (2021).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"13083_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-04127-y","volume":"16","author":"WC Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang, W. C., Li, Y. C., Chen, P. X., Ma, K. S. & Wang, L. T. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a game-changer in liver diseases: review of current clinical trials. Stem Cell. Res. Ther. 16, 3 (2025).","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Res. Ther."},{"key":"13083_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113994","volume":"21","author":"K Yamazaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamazaki, K., Kawabori, M., Seki, T. & Houkin, K. Clinical trials of stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci.21, 3994 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"13083_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500885","volume":"5","author":"C Adams","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adams, C. et al. Development of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for genetic engineering and tracking of neural stem cells. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 5, 841\u2013849 (2016).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"13083_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3107","volume":"193","author":"JW Bulte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bulte, J. W. In vivo MRI cell tracking: Clinical studies. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol.193, 314\u2013325 (2009).","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"13083_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103159","volume":"19","author":"FFA Kerans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kerans, F. F. A., Lungaro, L., Azfer, A. & Salter, D. M. The potential of intrinsically magnetic mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering. Int. J. Mol. Sci.19, 3159 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"13083_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.02.004","volume":"86","author":"Q Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Response of MAPK pathway to iron oxide nanoparticles in vitro treatment promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Biomaterials86, 11\u201320 (2016).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"13083_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1021\/nn4062726","volume":"8","author":"X Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Design considerations of iron-based nanoclusters for noninvasive tracking of mesenchymal stem cell homing. ACS Nano8, 4403\u20134414 (2014).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"13083_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16488","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR05624F","volume":"11","author":"A Plan Sangnier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plan Sangnier, A. et al. Impact of magnetic nanoparticle surface coating on their long-term intracellular biodegradation in stem cells. Nanoscale 11, 16488\u201316498 (2019).","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"13083_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24378","volume":"71","author":"A Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, A. et al. Celsr2-mediated morphological polarization and functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes in neural repair. Glia71, 1985\u20132004 (2023).","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"13083_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20020","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c07615","volume":"15","author":"Y Shen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shen, Y. et al. Adaptive control of nanomotor swarms for magnetic-field-programmed cancer cell destruction. ACS Nano15, 20020\u201320031 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-13083-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-13083-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-13083-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T07:52:56Z","timestamp":1757317976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-13083-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-13083-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Animal experiments were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee at the University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, China (approval No. 20232012), and all methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"27862"}}