{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T13:57:58Z","timestamp":1770472678512,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14044-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T22:51:07Z","timestamp":1754434267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of key interactive genes and their potential biological functions in type 2 diabetes and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yibing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huilin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangjie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangzhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"14044_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.22208","volume":"326","author":"L Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Prevalence and treatment of diabetes in China, 2013\u20132018. JAMA 326, 2498\u20132506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.22208 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"14044_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-01936-3","volume":"19","author":"G Penno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Penno, G. et al. Insulin resistance, diabetic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. BMC Med. 19, 66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-021-01936-3 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"14044_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02091-8","volume":"84","author":"PI Georgianos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Georgianos, P. I., Vaios, V., Koufakis, T. & Liakopoulos, V. Slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes using four pillars of therapy: The time to act is now. Drugs 84, 1337\u20131346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-024-02091-8 (2024).","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"14044_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2022.100532","volume":"4","author":"CD Mullins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mullins, C. D. et al. CKD Progression and economic burden in individuals with CKD associated with type 2 biabetes. Kidney Med. 4, 100532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xkme.2022.100532 (2022).","journal-title":"Kidney Med."},{"key":"14044_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(05)66990-5","volume":"366","author":"RI Fox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fox, R. I. Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Lancet 366, 321\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(05)66990-5 (2005).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"14044_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184862","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1184862","volume":"14","author":"AY Alhalwani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alhalwani, A. Y., Abudawood, K., Qadizadah, A., Jambi, S. & Sannan, N. S. Immunoglobulin A levels and its correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as inflammatory biomarkers for dry eye disease in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study. Front. Immunol. 14, 1184862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1184862 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"14044_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R191","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-21-0092","volume":"28","author":"M Guti\u00e9rrez-Salmer\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Salmer\u00f3n, M. et al. Metabolic and hormonal remodeling of colorectal cancer cell signalling by diabetes. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 28, R191-r206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/erc-21-0092 (2021).","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"14044_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716692","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.716692","volume":"12","author":"S Jo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jo, S. & Fang, S. Therapeutic strategies for diabetes: immune modulation in pancreatic \u03b2 cells. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 12, 716692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.716692 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"14044_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063090","author":"T Shimizu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimizu, T., Nakamura, H. & Kawakami, A. Role of the innate immunity signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22063090 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"14044_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084285","author":"J \u0160r\u00e1mek","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u0160r\u00e1mek, J., N\u011bmcov\u00e1-F\u00fcrstov\u00e1, V. & Kov\u00e1\u0159, J. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction and its regulation by fatty acids in pancreatic \u03b2-cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22084285 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"14044_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040818","author":"H Kaneto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaneto, H. et al. Molecular mechanism of pancreatic \u03b2-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomedicines https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10040818 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"14044_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14002","volume":"14","author":"J Shirakawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shirakawa, J. Signaling pathways that regulate adaptive \u03b2-cell proliferation for the treatment of diabetes. J. Diabetes Investig. 14, 735\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.14002 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"14044_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/i8iszc","volume":"42","author":"C Baldini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baldini, C. et al. Pathogenesis of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease: One year in review 2024. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 42, 2336\u20132343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/i8iszc (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"14044_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/cmmkod","volume":"42","author":"Y Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song, Y. & Zhou, W. Role of TLR7 in the pathogenesis of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 42, 2513\u20132519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/cmmkod (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"14044_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.13345\/j.cjb.170006","volume":"33","author":"W Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, W., Li, L., Ye, H. & Tu, W. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis in biomedicine research. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 33, 1791\u20131801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13345\/j.cjb.170006 (2017).","journal-title":"Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao"},{"key":"14044_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108072","volume":"162","author":"R Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams, R. et al. Global and regional estimates and projections of diabetes-related health expenditure: Results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas. Diabetes Re.s Clin. Pract. 162, 108072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108072 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetes Re.s Clin. Pract."},{"key":"14044_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13451","volume":"291","author":"J Tarn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tarn, J. et al. Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: Longitudinal real-world, observational data on health-related quality of life. J. Intern. Med. 291, 849\u2013855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.13451 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"14044_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08264-9","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Atlas of lysine propionylation of human right atrium and ALDH6A1-NADH pathway in new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary surgery. Commun. Biol. 8, 858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-025-08264-9 (2025).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"14044_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae224","volume":"120","author":"M Sweeney","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sweeney, M. et al. Interleukin 11 therapy causes acute left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiovasc. Res. 120, 2220\u20132235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvae224 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"14044_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51878-y","volume":"14","author":"X Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng, X., Liu, D., Li, M., He, J. & Fu, Y. Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and insulin resistance and mortality. Sci. Rep. 14, 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-51878-y (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"14044_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084147","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway is an early response to helicobacter pylori infection and contributes to immune escape and gastric carcinogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23084147 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"14044_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02069-y","volume":"29","author":"L Witcoski Junior","year":"2024","unstructured":"Witcoski Junior, L. et al. Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages in the context of type 2 diabetes. Eur. J. Med. Res. 29, 497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-024-02069-y (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"14044_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13210","DOI":"10.3389\/jpps.2024.13210","volume":"27","author":"A Wong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wong, A., Sun, Q., Latif, I. I. & Karwi, Q. G. Metabolic flux in macrophages in obesity and type-2 diabetes. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 27, 13210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/jpps.2024.13210 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"14044_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm254","volume":"23","author":"S Davis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Davis, S. & Meltzer, P. S. GEOquery: A bridge between the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and BioConductor. Bioinformatics 23, 1846\u20131847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm254 (2007).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"14044_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D991","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1193","volume":"41","author":"T Barrett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barrett, T. et al. NCBI GEO: Archive for functional genomics data sets\u2013update. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, D991-995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gks1193 (2013).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"14044_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","volume":"43","author":"ME Ritchie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritchie, M. E. et al. limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, e47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkv007 (2015).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"14044_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559","volume":"9","author":"P Langfelder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Langfelder, P. & Horvath, S. WGCNA: An R package for weighted correlation network analysis. BMC Bioinform. 9, 559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"14044_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D419","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1038","volume":"47","author":"H Mi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mi, H., Muruganujan, A., Ebert, D., Huang, X. & Thomas, P. D. PANTHER version 14: More genomes, a new PANTHER GO-slim and improvements in enrichment analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, D419-d426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky1038 (2019).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"14044_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","volume":"28","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kanehisa, M. & Goto, S. KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 27\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27 (2000).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"14044_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","volume":"16","author":"G Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu, G., Wang, L. G., Han, Y. & He, Q. Y. clusterProfiler: An R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS 16, 284\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/omi.2011.0118 (2012).","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"14044_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","volume":"102","author":"A Subramanian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Subramanian, A. et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 102, 15545\u201315550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0506580102 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"14044_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr260","volume":"27","author":"A Liberzon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liberzon, A. et al. Molecular signatures database (MSigDB) 3.0. Bioinformatics 27, 1739\u20131740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr260 (2011).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"14044_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7","volume":"14","author":"S H\u00e4nzelmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"H\u00e4nzelmann, S., Castelo, R. & Guinney, J. GSVA: Gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data. BMC Bioinform. 14, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7 (2013).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"14044_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W60","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky311","volume":"46","author":"M Franz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franz, M. et al. GeneMANIA update 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 46, W60-w64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky311 (2018).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"14044_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D92","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1248","volume":"42","author":"JH Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, J. H., Liu, S., Zhou, H., Qu, L. H. & Yang, J. H. starBase v2.0: Decoding miRNA-ceRNA, miRNA-ncRNA and protein-RNA interaction networks from large-scale CLIP-Seq data. Nucleic Acids Res. 42, D92-97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkt1248 (2014).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"14044_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D43","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw965","volume":"45","author":"KR Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou, K. R. et al. ChIPBase v2.0: Decoding transcriptional regulatory networks of non-coding RNAs and protein-coding genes from ChIP-seq data. Nucleic Acids Res. 45, D43\u2013D50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkw965 (2017).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"14044_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607622","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.607622","volume":"10","author":"B Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao, B. et al. Identification and verification of immune-related gene prognostic signature based on ssGSEA for osteosarcoma. Front. Oncol. 10, 607622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2020.607622 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14044-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14044-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14044-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T22:51:09Z","timestamp":1754434269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14044-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-14044-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28660"}}