{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:58:14Z","timestamp":1784548694075,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Depression, anxiety, and stress are major mental health challenges during children\u2019s development. In China, heightened sleep disorders (SD), parental expectations, and academic stress highlight the importance of this issue. A total of 6,635 SD child-parent dyads were included in analysis. Sleep quality and psychological variables were assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Children with SD exhibited significantly higher rates of depression, anxiety, stress and life dissatisfaction. We identified the core and bridge symptoms within the Chinese children mental health symptoms and explored their associations with parental mental health. Worthlessness and palpitations, exhibiting the highest centrality values, were identified as core symptoms in the SD group. Palpitations were associated with elevated parental anxiety and stress. Impending collapse associated with parental anxiety, emerging as a bridge symptom may aggravate the occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress comorbidity in children. These symptoms provide theoretical basis for the targeted psychological intervention of Chinese children with SD in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14305-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T08:26:59Z","timestamp":1756196819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mental health symptoms in Chinese children with sleep disorders and association with parental emotions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Changqing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peijia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dequan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zizheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"14305_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.09.021","volume":"132","author":"MK Pavlova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pavlova, M. K. & Latreille, V. Sleep disorders. Am. J. Med. 132, 292\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.09.021 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"14305_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1080","volume":"38","author":"H Oster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oster, H. et al. The functional and clinical significance of the 24-Hour rhythm of Circulating glucocorticoids. Endocr. Rev. 38, 3\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2015-1080 (2017).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"14305_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-023-02905-1","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Association of sleep duration and risk of mental disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. Breath. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-023-02905-1 (2023).","journal-title":"Sleep. Breath."},{"key":"14305_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.2334","volume":"70","author":"YS Ju","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ju, Y. S. et al. Sleep quality and preclinical alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 70, 587\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.2334 (2013).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"14305_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e247333","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247333","volume":"16","author":"M Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang, M., Guo, L., Huo, J. & Zhou, G. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in Chinese adolescents: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 16, e247333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0247333 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"14305_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1410","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2725","volume":"125","author":"LJ Meltzer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meltzer, L. J., Johnson, C., Crosette, J., Ramos, M. & Mindell, J. A. Prevalence of diagnosed sleep disorders in pediatric primary care practices. Pediatrics 125, e1410\u2013e1418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2009-2725 (2010).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"14305_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deep Brain Stimulation Of Symptom-Specific networks in parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat. Commun. 15, 4662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-48731-1 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48731-1"},{"key":"14305_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD, M. D. C. Global, Regional, and National burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry. 9, 137\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3"},{"key":"14305_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cai, H. et al. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: A Meta-Analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys. Transl. Psychiat. 14 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02654-5 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02654-5"},{"key":"14305_CR10","unstructured":"UNICEF. An Open Letter to the World\u2019s Children. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/child-rights-convention\/open-letter-to-worlds-children (2022)."},{"key":"14305_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sawyer, S. M., Azzopardi, P. S., Wickremarathne, D. & Patton, G. C. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Aadolesc. Health 2, 223\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1"},{"key":"14305_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.051","volume":"319","author":"T Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, T., Li, R., Shi, Y., Tian, G. & Yan, Y. The associations between sleep duration, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms: an analysis of Chinese adolescents from China family panel studies. J. Affect. Disord. 319, 252\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.051 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disorders"},{"key":"14305_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5866","volume":"12","author":"S Paruthi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paruthi, S. et al. Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: A consensus statement of the American academy of sleep medicine. J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 12, 785\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.5866 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"key":"14305_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000110052","volume":"77","author":"GA Fava","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fava, G. A. & Sonino, N. The biopsychosocial model Thirty years later. Psychother. Psychosom. 77, 1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000110052 (2007).","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"14305_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135243","volume":"53","author":"CA Espie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Espie, C. A.  Insomnia, conceptual issues in the development, persistence, and treatment of sleep disorder in adults. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 53, 215\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135243 (2002).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"14305_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941","volume":"75","author":"W Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng, W., Rolls, E. T., Ruan, H. & Feng, J. Functional connectivities in the brain that mediate the association between depressive problems and sleep quality. JAMA Psychiat. 75, 1052\u20131061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"14305_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3667","volume":"76","author":"L Gutierrez-Galve","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Galve, L. et al. Association of maternal and paternal depression in the postnatal period with offspring depression at age 18 years. JAMA Psychiat. 76, 290\u2013296 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"14305_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karevold, E., Roysamb, E., Ystrom, E. & Mathiesen, K. S. Predictors and pathways from infancy to symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence. Dev. Psychol. 45, (2009).","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016123"},{"key":"14305_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20375","volume":"16","author":"DA Borsboom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borsboom, D. A. Network theory of mental disorders. World Psychiatry. 16, 5\u201313 (2017).","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"14305_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146512462888","volume":"53","author":"JD McLeod","year":"2012","unstructured":"McLeod, J. D., Uemura, R. & Rohrman, S. Adolescent mental health, behavior problems, and academic achievement. J. Health Soc. Behav. 53, 482\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022146512462888 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"14305_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0325-4","volume":"13","author":"EI Fried","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fried, E. I. & Nesse, R. M. Depression Sum-Scores don\u2019t add up: why analyzing specific depression symptoms is essential. BMC Med. 13, 72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-015-0325-4 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"14305_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608","volume":"9","author":"D Borsboom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borsboom, D. & Cramer, A. O. Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 9, 91\u2013121 (2013).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"14305_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616639283","volume":"11","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hofmann, S. G., Curtiss, J. & McNally, R. J. A complex network perspective on clinical science. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 11, 597\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691616639283 (2016).","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"14305_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Borkulo, C. et al. Comparing network structures on three aspects: A permutation test. Psychol. Methods. 26 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000476 (2023).","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000476"},{"key":"14305_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.065","volume":"333","author":"P Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, P. et al. A network analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese disabled elderly. J. Affect. Disord.  333, 535\u2013542 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disorders"},{"key":"14305_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000471","author":"J Burger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burger, J. et al. Reporting standards for psychological network analyses in Cross-Sectional data. Psychol. Methods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000471 (2022).","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"14305_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038101","volume":"141","author":"C Harshaw","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harshaw, C. Interoceptive dysfunction: toward an integrated framework for Understanding somatic and affective disturbance in depression. Psychol. Bull. 141, 311 (2015).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"14305_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","volume":"70","author":"PR Rosenbaum","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rosenbaum, P. R. & Rubin, D. B. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70, 41\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41 (1983).","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"14305_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08","author":"EA Stuart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stuart, E. A., King, G., Imai, K. & Ho, D. MatchIt:  Nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference. J. Stat. Softw. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v042.i08 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"14305_CR30","unstructured":"The, E. C. & United, N. H. S. P. OECD Regional Development Studies Applying the Degree of Urbanisation a Methodological Manual to Define Cities, Towns and Rural Areas for International Comparisons: A Methodological Manual to Define Cities, Towns and Rural Areas for International Comparisons (OECD Publishing, 2021)."},{"key":"14305_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","volume":"28","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R. & Kupfer, D. J. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiat Res. 28, 193\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4 (1989).","journal-title":"Psychiat Res."},{"key":"14305_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-021-01803-y","volume":"19","author":"KY Ho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ho, K. Y. et al. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) among Hong Kong Chinese childhood cancer survivors. Health Qual. Life Out. 19, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01803-y (2021).","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Out"},{"key":"14305_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.01.009","volume":"25","author":"T Mollayeva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mollayeva, T. et al. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and Non-Clinical samples: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Sleep. Med. Rev. 25, 52\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.01.009 (2016).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med. Rev."},{"key":"14305_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","volume":"33","author":"PF Lovibond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovibond, P. F. & Lovibond, S. H. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav. Res. Ther. 33, 335\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U (1995).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"14305_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000207","volume":"28","author":"K Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Cross-Cultural validation of the depression anxiety stress Scale\u201321 in China. Psychol. Assess. 28, e88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000207 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"14305_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760701756946","volume":"3","author":"W Pavot","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pavot, W. & Diener, E. The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. J. Posit. Psychol. 3, 137\u2013152 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Posit. Psychol."},{"key":"14305_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-010-9186-x","volume":"12","author":"X Bai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bai, X., Wu, C., Zheng, R. & Ren, X. The psychometric evaluation of the satisfaction with life scale using a nationally representative sample of China. J. Happiness Stud. 12, 183\u2013197 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"14305_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9306-4","volume":"37","author":"PJ Tully","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tully, P. J., Zajac, I. T. & Venning, A. J. The structure of anxiety and depression in a normative sample of younger and older Australian adolescents. J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol. 37, 717\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-009-9306-4 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol."},{"key":"14305_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000218","author":"D Mellor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mellor, D. et al. Factorial invariance of the DASS-21 among adolescents in four countries. Eur. J. Psychol. Assess. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000218 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"14305_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-020-01050-0","volume":"52","author":"L Evans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans, L., Haeberlein, K., Chang, A. & Handal, P. Convergent validity and preliminary Cut-Off scores for the anxiety and depression subscales of the DASS-21 in US adolescents. Child. Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 52, 579\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01050-0 (2021).","journal-title":"Child. Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"14305_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","volume":"50","author":"S Epskamp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D. & Fried, E. I. Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper. Behav. Res. Methods. 50, 195\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1 (2018).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"14305_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haslbeck, J. & Waldorp, L. J.  Mgm: Structure estimation for time-varying mixed graphical models in high-dimensional data. J. Stat. Softw. 93 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v093.i08 (2020).","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v093.i08"},{"key":"14305_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000555","author":"MA Constantin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Constantin, M. A., Schuurman, N. K. & Vermunt, J. K. A general Monte Carlo method for sample size analysis in the context of network models. Psychol. Methods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000555 (2023).","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"14305_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.networktools","volume":"1","author":"PJ Jones","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jones, P. J. Networktools: Tools for identifying important nodes in networks. R Package Version. 1, 10\u20131155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.networktools (2018).","journal-title":"R Package Version"},{"key":"14305_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Panos, A. &  Mavridis, D. TableOne: An online web application and R package for summarising and visualising data. BMJ Ment Health. 23, 127\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ebmental-2020-300162 (2020).","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2020-300162"},{"key":"14305_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","volume":"48","author":"S Epskamp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Epskamp, S. et al. Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data. J. Stat. Softw. 48, 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v048.i04 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"14305_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asn034","volume":"95","author":"J Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen, J. & Chen, Z. Extended bayesian information criteria for model selection with large model spaces. Biometrika 95, 759\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/asn034 (2008).","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"14305_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1614898","volume":"56","author":"PJ Jones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones, P. J., Ma, R. & McNally, R. J. Bridge centrality: A network approach to Understanding comorbidity. Multivar. Behav. Res. 56, 353\u2013367 (2021).","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"14305_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Routledge, 2013).","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"14305_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000167","volume":"23","author":"S Epskamp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Epskamp, S. & Fried, E. I. A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks. Psychol. Methods. 23, 617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000167 (2018).","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"14305_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.bootnet","author":"S Epskamp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Epskamp, S. Bootnet: bootstrap methods for various network Estimation routines. Cran R-Project Org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.bootnet (2017).","journal-title":"Cran R-Project Org."},{"key":"14305_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1042.2022.00953","volume":"30","author":"X Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, X., Zhang, Y. & Yu, G. A Meta-Analysis of the detection rate of mental health problems among primary school students in Mainland China from 2010 to 2020. Adv. Psychol. Sci. 30, 953\u2013964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3724\/SP.J.1042.2022.00953 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"14305_CR53","first-page":"367","volume":"3","author":"L Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai, L., He, L. & Q, W. & Sleep quality of primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen City. Chin. J. School Health. 3, 367\u2013369 (2024).","journal-title":"Chin. J. School Health"},{"key":"14305_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.2.683","volume":"125","author":"F Yasuma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yasuma, F. & Hayano, J. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: why does the heartbeat synchronize with respiratory rhythm?? Chest 125, 683\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.125.2.683 (2004).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"14305_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00314-4","volume":"2","author":"D Freeman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Freeman, D. et al. Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for sleep improvement in patients with persistent delusions and hallucinations (BEST): A prospective, Assessor-Blind, randomised controlled pilot trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2, 975\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00314-4 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"14305_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association, D. & American Psychiatric Association. D. S. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 Vol. 5 (American Psychiatric Association, (2013).","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"14305_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.06.007","volume":"41","author":"AM Hayes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hayes, A. M., Yasinski, C., Ben Barnes, J. & Bockting, C. L. H. Network destabilization and transition in depression: new methods for studying the dynamics of therapeutic change. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 41, 27\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.06.007 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"14305_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000057","volume":"124","author":"MJ Taylor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taylor, M. J., Gregory, A. M., Freeman, D. & Ronald, A. Do sleep disturbances and Psychotic-Like experiences in adolescence share genetic and environmental influences?? J. Abnorm. Psychol. 124, 674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000057 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"14305_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67096-5","volume":"14","author":"H Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan, H., Li, D., Yang, F. & Zhang, Z. Impact of corrupt admission on the mental health of Chinese adolescents. Sci. Rep. -UK. 14, 16263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-67096-5 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. -UK"},{"key":"14305_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30403-1","volume":"6","author":"DM Caldwell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caldwell, D. M. et al. School-Based interventions to prevent anxiety and depression in children and young people: A systematic review and network Meta-Analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 6, 1011\u20131020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30403-1 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"14305_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freud, S. & Chase, H. W. The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis (Modern Library, 1925).","DOI":"10.1037\/11350-001"},{"key":"14305_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resch, F. & Parzer, P. Adolescent Risk Behavior and Self-Regulation: A Cybernetic Perspective (Springer, 2021).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69955-0"},{"key":"14305_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schultz, W. A dopamine mechanism for reward maximization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 121, e1978309175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2316658121 (2024).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2316658121"},{"key":"14305_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giri, B. et al. Sleep loss diminishes hippocampal reactivation and replay. Nature 1-8 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-07538-2 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07538-2"},{"key":"14305_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-023-00063-7","volume":"1","author":"M Panayiotou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Panayiotou, M., Black, L., Carmichael-Murphy, P., Qualter, P. & Humphrey, N. Time spent on social media among the least influential factors in adolescent mental health: preliminary results from a panel network analysis. Nat. Mental Health. 1, 316\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44220-023-00063-7 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Mental Health"},{"key":"14305_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.05.061","volume":"311","author":"W Bai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bai, W. et al. Network analysis of depression, anxiety, insomnia and quality of life among Macau residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Affect. Disord. 311, 181\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.05.061 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord"},{"key":"14305_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tremblay, M. et al. Canadian 24-Hour movement guidelines for children and youth: An integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 41 S311\u2013S327 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/apnm-2016-0151 (2016).","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0151"},{"key":"14305_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","volume":"54","author":"FC Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull, F. C. et al. World health organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Brit J. Sport Med. 54, 1451\u20131462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955 (2020).","journal-title":"Brit J. Sport Med."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14305-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14305-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14305-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T06:15:21Z","timestamp":1757484921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14305-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-14305-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"31367"}}