{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:40Z","timestamp":1792790380378,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["No.2021GXNSFBA196017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2021GXNSFBA196017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No.82302461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.82302461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No.82360374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.82360374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14600-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T06:10:50Z","timestamp":1755583850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Machine learning based screening of biomarkers associated with cell death and immunosuppression of multiple life stages sepsis populations"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanyan","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houyu","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-018-0029-2","volume":"24","author":"M Aziz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aziz, M. et al. B-1a cells protect mice from sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Mol. Med. 24(1), 26 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"14600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202201-0157OC","volume":"207","author":"ME Bowdish","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bowdish, M. E. et al. A randomized trial of mesenchymal stromal cells for moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome from COVID-19. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 207(3), 261\u2013270 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"14600_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4902-1","volume":"43","author":"AS Neto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neto, A. S., Dessap, A. M. & Papazian, L. Focus on ARDS. Intensive Care Med. 43(10), 1495\u20131497 (2017).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"14600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2011.0281","volume":"22","author":"E Tamayo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamayo, E. et al. Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses are regulated simultaneously from the first moments of septic shock. Eur. Cytokine Netw. 22(2), 82\u201387 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw."},{"issue":"5","key":"14600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827c09f8","volume":"41","author":"DF Gaieski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gaieski, D. F. et al. Benchmarking the incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in the United States. Crit. Care Med. 41(5), 1167\u20131174 (2013).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"14600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001147","volume":"43","author":"JP Donnelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donnelly, J. P., Hohmann, S. F. & Wang, H. E. Unplanned readmissions after hospitalization for severe sepsis at academic medical center-affiliated hospitals. Crit. Care Med. 43(9), 1916\u20131927 (2015).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"14600_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nedeva, C. Inflammation and cell death of the innate and adaptive immune system during sepsis. Biomolecules 11(7), (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11071011"},{"issue":"4","key":"14600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181dc0977","volume":"34","author":"F Venet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Venet, F. et al. Early assessment of leukocyte alterations at diagnosis of septic shock. Shock 34(4), 358\u2013363 (2010).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"9","key":"14600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809002027","volume":"137","author":"B Khwannimit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khwannimit, B. & Bhurayanontachai, R. The epidemiology of, and risk factors for, mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock in a tertiary-care university hospital setting. Epidemiol. Infect. 137(9), 1333\u20131341 (2009).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"3","key":"14600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0781OC","volume":"193","author":"C Fleischmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fleischmann, C. et al. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 193(3), 259\u2013272 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"14600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115914","volume":"169","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. et al. Pyroptosis in septic lung injury: Interactions with other types of cell death. Biomed. Pharmacother. 169, 115914 (2023).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3448","volume":"20","author":"B Adkins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adkins, B., Levy, O. & Betz, A. G. A new unexpected twist in newborn immunity. Nat. Med. 20(1), 22\u201323 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"14600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.12.016","volume":"61","author":"J Xie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xie, J. & Dow, W. H. Longitudinal study of child immunization determinants in China. Soc. Sci. Med. 61(3), 601\u2013611 (2005).","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-00014","volume":"152","author":"RH Hopkins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hopkins, R. H. & Vyas, K. S. Adult immunization guidelines: Challenges and opportunities. Ann. Intern. Med. 152(1), 59\u201360 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"22","key":"14600_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7011","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.3c01280","volume":"63","author":"Y Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Attention mechanism-based graph neural network model for effective activity prediction of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors: Application to drug repurposing as potential COVID-19 therapy. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 63(22), 7011\u20137031 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"issue":"8","key":"14600_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3053568","volume":"25","author":"X Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song, X., Mao, M. & Qian, X. Auto-metric graph neural network based on a meta-learning strategy for the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 25(8), 3141\u20133152 (2021).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"key":"14600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakyawar, S. K., Sajja, B. R., Patel, J. C. & Guda, C. iCluF: An unsupervised iterative cluster-fusion method for patient stratification using multiomics data. Bioinform. Adv. 4(1), (2024).","DOI":"10.1093\/bioadv\/vbae015"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"14600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-1114-3","volume":"20","author":"K Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan, K., Huang, W., Hu, J. & Dong, S. A multi-omics supervised autoencoder for pan-cancer clinical outcome endpoints prediction. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 20(Suppl 3), 129 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"14600_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057383","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1057383","volume":"12","author":"Y Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Chen, L. & Jiang, Y. LASSO-based screening for potential prognostic biomarkers associated with glioblastoma. Front. Oncol. 12, 1057383 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02620-5","volume":"18","author":"N Hou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hou, N. et al. Predicting 30-days mortality for MIMIC-III patients with sepsis-3: A machine learning approach using XGboost. J. Transl. Med. 18(1), 462 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"14600_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.888891","volume":"13","author":"H He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, H. et al. Identification of a novel sepsis prognosis model and analysis of possible drug application prospects: Based on scRNA-seq and RNA-seq data. Front. Immunol. 13, 888891 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04468-x","volume":"21","author":"H Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin, H. et al. Integrated machine learning survival framework develops a prognostic model based on inter-crosstalk definition of mitochondrial function and cell death patterns in a large multicenter cohort for lower-grade glioma. J Transl Med 21(1), 588 (2023).","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"D1","key":"14600_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky962","volume":"47","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanehisa, M. et al. New approach for understanding genome variations in KEGG. Nucleic Acids Res. 47(D1), D590\u2013D595 (2019).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"14600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05872-y","volume":"46","author":"LM Fleuren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fleuren, L. M. et al. Machine learning for the prediction of sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. Intensive Care Med. 46(3), 383\u2013400 (2020).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02265-4","volume":"23","author":"F Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan, F. et al. Association between the stress hyperglycemia ratio and 28-day all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort study and predictive model establishment based on machine learning. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 23(1), 163 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06928-2","volume":"49","author":"A Kalimouttou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kalimouttou, A. et al. Machine-learning-derived sepsis bundle of care. Intensive Care Med. 49(1), 26\u201336 (2023).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00507-5","volume":"6","author":"P Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu, P. et al. Pyroptosis: Mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct. Target Ther. 6(1), 128 (2021).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"14600_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000815","volume":"47","author":"J Ho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho, J. et al. Pathological role and diagnostic value of endogenous host defense peptides in adult and neonatal sepsis: A systematic review. Shock 47(6), 673\u2013679 (2017).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"5","key":"14600_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2013.01.001","volume":"15","author":"DF Barbeiro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barbeiro, D. F. et al. Cathelicidin LL-37 bloodstream surveillance is down regulated during septic shock. Microbes Infect 15(5), 342\u2013346 (2013).","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085765","volume":"9","author":"Z Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu, Z. et al. Antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide LL-37 inhibits the LPS\/ATP-induced pyroptosis of macrophages by dual mechanism. PLoS ONE 9(1), e85765 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"14600_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111580","volume":"129","author":"Q Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. LL-37 improves sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing pyroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. Int. Immunopharmacol. 129, 111580 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00291-x","volume":"11","author":"JB Rubin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rubin, J. B. et al. Sex differences in cancer mechanisms. Biol. Sex Differ. 11(1), 17 (2020).","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"14600_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105399","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1105399","volume":"14","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Diagnostic and predictive values of pyroptosis-related genes in sepsis. Front. Immunol. 14, 1105399 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-023-01453-7","volume":"16","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Revealing novel pyroptosis-related therapeutic targets for sepsis based on machine learning. BMC Med. Genom. 16(1), 23 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genom."},{"key":"14600_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005392","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1005392","volume":"12","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Significant difference of differential expression pyroptosis-related genes and their correlations with infiltrated immune cells in sepsis. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol. 12, 1005392 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"14600_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-19-1739","volume":"8","author":"LL Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, L. L. et al. The activation of IL-17 signaling pathway promotes pyroptosis in pneumonia-induced sepsis. Ann. Transl. Med. 8(11), 674 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"14600_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2024.152826","volume":"229","author":"ZH Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Z. H., Wang, Y. & Yu, X. Y. Exploring the role of pyroptosis and immune infiltration in sepsis based on bioinformatic analysis. Immunobiology 229(5), 152826 (2024).","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08800-0","volume":"23","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Meta-analysis of the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in neonatal sepsis. BMC Infect. Dis. 23(1), 837 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"14600_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhmaltdinova, L. L., Zhumadilova, Z. A., Kolesnichenko, S. I. et al. The presence of PDL-1 on CD8+ lymphocytes is linked to survival in neonatal sepsis. Children (Basel) 9(8), (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/children9081171"},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5832","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41391-7","volume":"14","author":"MS Minns","year":"2023","unstructured":"Minns, M. S. et al. NLRP3 selectively drives IL-1beta secretion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected neutrophils and regulates corneal disease severity. Nat. Commun. 14(1), 5832 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"14600_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141921","volume":"42","author":"AK Mankan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mankan, A. K. et al. The NLRP3\/ASC\/Caspase-1 axis regulates IL-1beta processing in neutrophils. Eur. J. Immunol. 42(3), 710\u2013715 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00372-w","volume":"15","author":"H Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. NLRP12 collaborates with NLRP3 and NLRC4 to promote pyroptosis inducing ganglion cell death of acute glaucoma. Mol. Neurodegener. 15(1), 26 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"9","key":"14600_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71086","volume":"12","author":"Z Rao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rao, Z. et al. Pyroptosis in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Theranostics 12(9), 4310\u20134329 (2022).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"14600_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110141","volume":"118","author":"Q Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, Q. et al. Pyroptosis orchestrates immune responses in endometriosis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 118, 110141 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2023-0127OC","volume":"70","author":"P Karki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karki, P. et al. Amphipathic helical peptide L37pA protects against lung vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by truncated oxidized phospholipids via antagonism with CD36 receptor. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 70(1), 11\u201325 (2024).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31218-2","volume":"13","author":"B Wiernicki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wiernicki, B. et al. Cancer cells dying from ferroptosis impede dendritic cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 3676 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"14600_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1159\/000508857","volume":"144","author":"K McCullough","year":"2020","unstructured":"McCullough, K. & Bolisetty, S. Iron homeostasis and ferritin in sepsis-associated kidney injury. Nephron 144(12), 616\u2013620 (2020).","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"7","key":"14600_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.7.1855.1855","volume":"79","author":"VR Gordeuk","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gordeuk, V. R. et al. Decreased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in supernatants of monocytes from homozygotes for hereditary hemochromatosis. Blood 79(7), 1855\u20131860 (1992).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2001.00744.x","volume":"31","author":"EM Cardoso","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cardoso, E. M. et al. Hepatic damage in C282Y homozygotes relates to low numbers of CD8+ cells in the liver lobuli. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 31(1), 45\u201353 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"4","key":"14600_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1520-6","volume":"10","author":"HM Kang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kang, H. M. et al. Ubiquitination of MAP1LC3B by pVHL is associated with autophagy and cell death in renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis. 10(4), 279 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"14600_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.03.002","volume":"66","author":"B Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, B. et al. Ferroptosis is a type of autophagy-dependent cell death. Semin. Cancer Biol. 66, 89\u2013100 (2020).","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"14600_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2020.02.005","volume":"27","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis: Machinery and regulation. Cell Chem. Biol. 27(4), 420\u2013435 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"14600_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s40139-017-0139-5","volume":"5","author":"R Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang, R. & Tang, D. Autophagy and ferroptosis - What\u2019s the connection?. Curr. Pathobiol. Rep. 5(2), 153\u2013159 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Pathobiol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54837-9","volume":"14","author":"H Qu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qu, H. et al. Identifying CTH and MAP1LC3B as ferroptosis biomarkers for prognostic indication in gastric cancer decoding. Sci. Rep. 14(1), 4352 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"14600_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.745240","volume":"12","author":"G Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, G., Li, L. & Tao, H. Bioinformatics identification of ferroptosis-related biomarkers and therapeutic compounds in ischemic stroke. Front. Neurol. 12, 745240 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2024.2402298","volume":"52","author":"Y Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Dong, G. & Niu, Y. Construction of ferroptosis-related gene signatures for identifying potential biomarkers and immune cell infiltration in osteoarthritis. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 52(1), 449\u2013461 (2024).","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"14600_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-312","volume":"15","author":"C Di","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di, C. et al. Identification of autophagy-related genes and immune cell infiltration characteristics in sepsis via bioinformatic analysis. J. Thorac. Dis. 15(4), 1770\u20131784 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"14600_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001943","volume":"57","author":"RB Lindell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lindell, R. B. et al. Impaired lymphocyte responses in pediatric sepsis vary by pathogen type and are associated with features of immunometabolic dysregulation. Shock 57(6), 191\u2013199 (2022).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"5","key":"14600_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.3","volume":"8","author":"M Reed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reed, M. et al. Deficiency of autophagy protein Map1-LC3b mediates IL-17-dependent lung pathology during respiratory viral infection via ER stress-associated IL-1. Mucosal Immunol. 8(5), 1118\u20131130 (2015).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14600_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2023.11.005","volume":"45","author":"SR Bonam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bonam, S. R. et al. Pharmacological targets at the lysosomal autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome crossroads. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 45(1), 81\u2013101 (2024).","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"14600_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12763","volume":"12","author":"K Busch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Busch, K. et al. Inhibition of the NLRP3\/IL-1beta axis protects against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 12(6), 1653\u20131668 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"7329","key":"14600_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09663","volume":"469","author":"R Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou, R. et al. A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nature 469(7329), 221\u2013225 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"14600_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.04.002","volume":"15","author":"M Loi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loi, M. et al. Macroautophagy proteins control MHC class I levels on dendritic cells and shape anti-viral CD8(+) T cell responses. Cell Rep. 15(5), 1076\u20131087 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"14600_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.09.011","volume":"41","author":"VM Hubbard-Lucey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hubbard-Lucey, V. M. et al. Autophagy gene Atg16L1 prevents lethal T cell alloreactivity mediated by dendritic cells. Immunity 41(4), 579\u2013591 (2014).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"14600_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S359397","volume":"15","author":"C Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao, C. et al. Translocator protein (TSPO) alleviates neuropathic pain by activating spinal autophagy and nuclear SIRT1\/PGC-1alpha signaling in a Rat L5 SNL model. J. Pain Res. 15, 767\u2013778 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"14600_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114542","volume":"369","author":"Y Mahemuti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahemuti, Y. et al. TSPO exacerbates acute cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by inducing autophagy dysfunction. Exp. Neurol. 369, 114542 (2023).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"14600_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154484","volume":"107","author":"GL Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin, G. L. et al. Koumine regulates macrophage M1\/M2 polarization via TSPO, alleviating sepsis-associated liver injury in mice. Phytomedicine 107, 154484 (2022).","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"14600_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209438","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1209438","volume":"14","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Z. & Wang, Z. The role of macrophages polarization in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Front. Immunol. 14, 1209438 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"14600_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008958","volume":"138","author":"L Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, L. et al. Platelet MHC class I mediates CD8+ T-cell suppression during sepsis. Blood 138(5), 401\u2013416 (2021).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"14600_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701618","volume":"200","author":"IJ Jensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jensen, I. J. et al. Sepsis-induced T cell immunoparalysis: The ins and outs of impaired T cell immunity. J. Immunol. 200(5), 1543\u20131553 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"14600_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130009","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1130009","volume":"14","author":"M Heidarian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heidarian, M., Griffith, T. S. & Badovinac, V. P. Sepsis-induced changes in differentiation, maintenance, and function of memory CD8 T cell subsets. Front. Immunol. 14, 1130009 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"14600_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104841","volume":"97","author":"R Lozano-Rodriguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lozano-Rodriguez, R. et al. The prognostic impact of SIGLEC5-induced impairment of CD8(+) T cell activation in sepsis. EBioMedicine 97, 104841 (2023).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14600-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14600-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14600-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T07:40:28Z","timestamp":1757403628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-14600-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-14600-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"30302"}}