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This study investigated the climate change perceptions and adaptation strategies developed by urban pearl millet farmers in Niamey Commune V, an area often overlooked in agricultural studies. Using snowball sampling, data were collected on socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, climate change perception, and adaptation strategies through structured interviews, focus group discussions, and analysis of 30 years of rainfall data (1991\u20132020). A sample of 150 pearl millet farmers aged at least 40 years was surveyed, and key informant interviews were conducted with the Agricultural Extension Unit. Descriptive statistics, statistical tests, and multinomial logistic regression were used to identify the determinants of adaptation strategy adoption. Findings revealed a high level of climate awareness among farmers over the past 30 years, which led to the adoption of both local and extension-based adaptation measures. Significant disruptions in rainfall were noted. Farmers primarily used soil fertility regeneration techniques, crop diversification, crop defense, improved seeds, organic fertilizers, adjusted planting calendars, water conservation techniques, and prayers or rituals to cope with these changes. Local practices aimed at improving productivity and climate adaptation, while extension-derived practices emphasized the synergy between productivity, adaptation, and mitigation. This research addresses a critical knowledge gap in how urban pearl millet farmers perceive and respond to climate change impacts. The study\u2019s findings are significant for urban agriculture policy, underscoring the need for timely climate information, effective extension services, and the integration of adaptive agricultural practices into urban planning. These steps are crucial for enhancing resilience and fostering sustainable development in urban agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14952-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:30:24Z","timestamp":1759159824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Urban pearl millet farmers\u2019 perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies in Niamey commune V, the Sahel"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gnanki Mariam","family":"Lafia N\u2018 Gobi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soul\u00e9","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidou","family":"Falalou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamphile","family":"Degla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"14952_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The purpose of the study was clearly explained to respondents and agricultural experts. The authors adhered to all standard ethical principles, including informed consent, voluntary participation, anonymity and confidentiality, and the protection of participants\u2019 privacy. This study did not involve any experiments on human subjects. The research followed customary ethical procedures for social science research in West Africa: formal authorization was obtained from the Abdou Moumouni University (Niger), and local administrative authorities (municipal officers and village chiefs) were informed about the study. Prior to each interview or focus group, participants were fully informed about the study\u2019s objectives and gave their free and informed consent. This process complies with the postgraduate research guidelines and relevant legislation of Abdou Moumouni University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants provided verbally informed consent prior to their participation in the study. The data were collected from pearl millet farmers, local administrators, and agricultural extension agents of the commune with their consent. Data collected from the height agrarian communities of the Commune V of Niamey were requested formally through the official letter written by the West African Centre for Sustainable Rural Transformation, University Abdou-Moumouni of Niamey. The author declared that this master\u2019s thesis manuscript was original research work and acknowledged all sources of materials dearly.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participant"}}],"article-number":"33648"}}