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This study involves exposing pregnant C57BL\/6 mice to OBS at concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 5.0\u00a0mg\/L via drinking water during gestation and lactation. The investigation focused on analyzing gut microbiota in both dams and offspring after maternal OBS exposure. Results highlighted notable changes in the gut microbiota composition within the colonic content of both dams and offspring, the\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1-Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2-Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased significantly in dams. After maternal OBS exposure,\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased in F\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    -20 d male mice, while\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1-Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased;\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased, and\n                    <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1-Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased in F\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    -20 d female mice. In F\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    -8 w mice,\n                    <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2-Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased in male, while\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2-Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased in female. High-throughput sequencing confirmed that sodium \u03c1-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate significantly altered gut microbiota patterns in both dams and offspring. Biomarkers in dams and offspring varied after maternal OBS exposure, and differences were noticeable across genders and developmental stages. In dams, the abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Desulfobacterota<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Peptococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased, the abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>RF39<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>Verrucomimicrobiota<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Patescibacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteriota<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Cyanobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the phylum level showed significant differences between dams and offspring, while\n                    <jats:italic>Verrucomimicrobiota<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Patescibacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    differed in male and female offspring. Furthermore, functional predictions indicated shifts in metabolic pathways in both generations after maternal OBS exposure. In a word, maternal OBS exposure disrupted gut microbiota and altered the metabolism processes in dams and offspring, offering insights into potential health risks associated with maternal OBS exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15021-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T15:25:28Z","timestamp":1756135528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effect of maternal sodium \u03c1-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate exposure on the gut microbiota in dams and offspring"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanxiang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"15021_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom","volume":"32","author":"E Buzun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buzun, E. et al. 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