{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T12:29:26Z","timestamp":1794227366556,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZR2023QA023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QA023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"General Administration of Sport of China Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["23KJCX032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJCX032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15311-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T12:17:26Z","timestamp":1755173846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of various static calibration postures on knee mechanics during locomotor tasks using statistical parametric mapping analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yu-ting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke-xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-duan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-liang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-peng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"15311_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02082-6","volume":"10","author":"X Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Ross, G., Dowling, B. & Graham, R. B. Three-dimensional motion capture data of a movement screen from 183 athletes. Sci. Data 10, 235 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"15311_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-017-0396-x","volume":"16","author":"V Camomilla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Camomilla, V. et al. Methodological factors affecting joint moments estimation in clinical gait analysis: A systematic review. Biomed. Eng. Online 16, 106 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Online"},{"key":"15311_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.11.007","volume":"99","author":"OW Althomali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Althomali, O. W. et al. The effect of foot position during static calibration trials on knee kinematic and kinetics during walking. Gait Posture 99, 133\u2013138 (2023).","journal-title":"Gait. Posture"},{"key":"15311_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2017.10.015","volume":"51","author":"U Trinler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trinler, U. & Baker, R. Estimated landmark calibration of biomechanical models for inverse kinematics. Med. Eng. Phys. 51, 79\u201383 (2018).","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"15311_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.06.010","volume":"30","author":"ML McMulkin","year":"2009","unstructured":"McMulkin, M. L. & Gordon, A. B. The effect of static standing posture on dynamic walking kinematics: Comparison of a thigh wand versus a patella marker. Gait Posture 30, 375\u2013378 (2009).","journal-title":"Gait. Posture"},{"key":"15311_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00025-1","volume":"18","author":"R Ferber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ferber, R., Davis, I. M. & Williams, D. S. Gender differences in lower extremity mechanics during running. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol.) 18, 350\u2013357 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol.)"},{"key":"15311_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(95)91394-T","volume":"10","author":"A Cappozzo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., Croce, U. D. & Leardini, A. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: Anatomical frame definition and determination. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol.) 10, 171\u2013178 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol.)"},{"key":"15311_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00109-3","volume":"29","author":"MG Hall","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hall, M. G., Fleming, H. E., Dolan, M. J., Millbank, S. F. & Paul, J. P. Static in situ calibration of force plates. J. Biomech. 29, 659\u2013665 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72934-7","volume":"14","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Lu, J., Chen, B., Pang, J. & Zhan, H. The influence of knee position during static calibration trials on evaluation of knee loading during gait in individual with medial knee osteoarthritis. Sci. Rep. 14, 21692 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"15311_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2024.112392","volume":"177","author":"OW Althomali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Althomali, O. W. The effect of foot position on hip and ankle kinematics and kinetics during walking in static calibration trials. J. Biomech. 177, 112392 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2015.06.016","volume":"22","author":"H Nagano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagano, H., Tatsumi, I., Sarashina, E., Sparrow, W. A. & Begg, R. K. Modelling knee flexion effects on joint power absorption and adduction moment. Knee 22, 490\u2013493 (2015).","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"15311_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000279","volume":"28","author":"JD Hassebrock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassebrock, J. D., Gulbrandsen, M. T., Asprey, W. L., Makovicka, J. L. & Chhabra, A. Knee ligament anatomy and biomechanics. Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. 28, 80\u201386 (2020).","journal-title":"Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev."},{"key":"15311_CR13","first-page":"43","volume":"13","author":"E Szczerbik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Szczerbik, E. & Kalinowska, M. The influence of knee marker placement error on evaluation of gait kinematic parameters. Acta Bioeng. Biomech. 13, 43\u201346 (2011).","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR14","first-page":"743","volume":"11","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Lam, W. K., Seglina, I. & Apps, C. Does the location of shoe upper support on basketball shoes influence ground reaction force and ankle mechanics during cutting maneuvers?. Biology (Basel) 11, 743 (2022).","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"15311_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0317853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317853","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhuang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhuang, Y., Zhou, W., Zeng, Z., Mo, S. & Wang, L. Influences of footstrike patterns and overground conditions on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during running: Statistical parametric mapping analysis. PLoS One 20, e0317853 (2025).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"15311_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44216-1","volume":"14","author":"S Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, S., Qu, F., Wang, Y. & Lam, W.-K. Examining the joint coordination during dynamic balance learning using vector coding and statistical parametric mapping analyses. Sci. Rep. 14, 1724 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"15311_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-021-01057-9","volume":"8","author":"E Reznick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reznick, E. et al. Lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during continuously varying human locomotion. Sci. Data 8, 282 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"15311_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.03.004","volume":"11","author":"SK Lynn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lynn, S. K., Kajaks, T. & Costigan, P. A. The effect of internal and external foot rotation on the adduction moment and lateral-medial shear force at the knee during gait. J. Sci. Med. Sport 11, 444\u2013451 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"15311_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1550050","volume":"36","author":"H Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, H., Son, S., Seeley, M. K. & Hopkins, J. T. Functional fatigue alters lower-extremity neuromechanics during a forward-side jump. Int. J. Sports Med. 36, 1192\u20131200 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"15311_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2017.01.014","volume":"24","author":"PSP Teng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teng, P. S. P., Kong, P. W. & Leong, K. F. Effects of foot rotation positions on knee valgus during single-leg drop landing: Implications for ACL injury risk reduction. Knee 24, 547\u2013554 (2017).","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"15311_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520972990","volume":"49","author":"J Jeong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeong, J., Choi, D.-H. & Shin, C. S. Core strength training can alter neuromuscular and biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am. J. Sports Med. 49, 183\u2013192 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"15311_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90037-7","volume":"22","author":"J Apkarian","year":"1989","unstructured":"Apkarian, J., Naumann, S. & Cairns, B. A three-dimensional kinematic and dynamic model of the lower limb. J. Biomech. 22, 143\u2013155 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109839","volume":"106","author":"BXW Liew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liew, B. X. W., Sullivan, L., Morris, S. & Netto, K. Mechanical work performed by distal foot-ankle and proximal knee-hip segments during anticipated and unanticipated cutting. J. Biomech. 106, 109839 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.07.007","volume":"27","author":"JA Zeni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zeni, J. A., Richards, J. G. & Higginson, J. S. Two simple methods for determining gait events during treadmill and overground walking using kinematic data. Gait Posture 27, 710\u2013714 (2008).","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"15311_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.110119","volume":"115","author":"T Takabayashi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takabayashi, T., Edama, M., Inai, T. & Kubo, M. Shank and rearfoot coordination and its variability during running in flatfoot. J. Biomech. 115, 110119 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591","volume":"33","author":"TE Hewett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hewett, T. E. et al. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: A prospective study. Am. J. Sports Med. 33, 492\u2013501 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"15311_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3337","volume":"40","author":"CM Powers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Powers, C. M. The influence of abnormal hip mechanics on knee injury: A biomechanical perspective. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 40, 42\u201351 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"15311_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.046649","volume":"42","author":"Y Thijs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thijs, Y., De Clercq, D., Roosen, P. & Witvrouw, E. Gait-related intrinsic risk factors for patellofemoral pain in novice recreational runners. Br. J. Sports Med. 42, 466\u2013471 (2008).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"15311_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3470","volume":"41","author":"RW Willy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Willy, R. W. & Davis, I. S. The effect of a hip-strengthening program on mechanics during running and during a single-leg squat. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 41, 625\u2013632 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"15311_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(02)00088-7","volume":"17","author":"JP Holden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Holden, J. P., Selbie, W. S. & Stanhope, S. J. A proposed test to support the clinical movement analysis laboratory accreditation process. Gait Posture 17, 205\u2013213 (2003).","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"15311_CR31","first-page":"543","volume":"35","author":"G Wu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wu, G. et al. ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate system of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion\u2013part I: Ankle, hip, and spine. Int. Soc. Biomechan. J. Biomech. 35, 543\u2013548 (2002).","journal-title":"Int. Soc. Biomechan. J. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100080310","volume":"8","author":"MP Kadaba","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kadaba, M. P., Ramakrishnan, H. K. & Wootten, M. E. Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking. J. Orthop. Res. 8, 383\u2013392 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"15311_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.02.001","volume":"43","author":"KM Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee, K. M. & Guo, J. Kinematic and dynamic analysis of an anatomically based knee joint. J. Biomech. 43, 1231\u20131236 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201009000-00003","volume":"18","author":"BP Boden","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boden, B. P., Sheehan, F. T., Torg, J. S. & Hewett, T. E. Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Mechanisms and risk factors. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 18, 520\u2013527 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"15311_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.4991","volume":"44","author":"B Noehren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noehren, B., Schmitz, A., Hempel, R., Westlake, C. & Black, W. Assessment of strength, flexibility, and running mechanics in men with iliotibial band syndrome. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 44, 217\u2013222 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"15311_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2014.04.011","volume":"29","author":"AZ Alshawabka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alshawabka, A. Z., Liu, A., Tyson, S. F. & Jones, R. K. The use of a lateral wedge insole to reduce knee loading when ascending and descending stairs in medial knee osteoarthritis patients. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol.) 29, 650\u2013656 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol.)"},{"key":"15311_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ABME.0000017541.82498.37","volume":"32","author":"TP Andriacchi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andriacchi, T. P. et al. A framework for the in vivo pathomechanics of osteoarthritis at the knee. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 32, 447\u2013457 (2004).","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"15311_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501601205","volume":"16","author":"KL Siegel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Siegel, K. L., Kepple, T. M., O\u2019Connell, P. G., Gerber, L. H. & Stanhope, S. J. A technique to evaluate foot function during the stance phase of gait. Foot Ankle Int. 16, 764\u2013770 (1995).","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"15311_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90617-N","volume":"26","author":"R Burgess-Limerick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Burgess-Limerick, R., Abernethy, B. & Neal, R. J. Relative phase quantifies interjoint coordination. J. Biomech. 26, 91\u201394 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138397","volume":"105","author":"ES Grood","year":"1983","unstructured":"Grood, E. S. & Suntay, W. J. A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: Application to the knee. J. Biomech. Eng. 105, 136\u2013144 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"15311_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2023-0143","volume":"40","author":"M Sohrabi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sohrabi, M., Torkaman, G. & Bahrami, F. Comparing knee kinetics and kinematics in healthy individuals and those with knee osteoarthritis, with and without flat feet. J. Appl. Biomech. 40, 232\u2013240 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"15311_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.06.001","volume":"21","author":"M Simic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simic, M., Wrigley, T. V., Hinman, R. S., Hunt, M. A. & Bennell, K. L. Altering foot progression angle in people with medial knee osteoarthritis: The effects of varying toe-in and toe-out angles are mediated by pain and malalignment. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 21, 1272\u20131280 (2013).","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"15311_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.01.012","volume":"23","author":"SK Lynn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lynn, S. K. & Costigan, P. A. Effect of foot rotation on knee kinetics and hamstring activation in older adults with and without signs of knee osteoarthritis. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol.) 23, 779\u2013786 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol.)"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-15311-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-15311-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-15311-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T04:40:38Z","timestamp":1757392838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-15311-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["15311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-15311-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was provided by participants and the Institutional Review Boards of Shandong Sport University approved the testing protocols.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"29833"}}