{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:38:20Z","timestamp":1793065100674,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Prostate cancer is a widespread malignancy with high mortality rates. Therapeutic success depends on clinical biomarkers for early detection and progression of the disease. The study aimed to assess the potential role of Thymidine Kinase one (TK1) and folate receptor alpha (FOR\u03b1) in prostate cancer. Forty-five newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients, and 45 age matched apparently healthy males were included. Serum levels of TK1 and FOR\u03b1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. TK1 and FOR\u03b1 were significantly increased in prostate cancer patients compared to the control group (mean 28.11pg\/ml vs. 15.66 pg\/ml, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and (median 1686.4 pg\/ml vs. 437.2 pg\/ml, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) respectively. At a cutoff level \u02c322.1 pg\/ml, TK1 showed 91.11% sensitivity, 88.89% specificity and AUC\u2009=\u20090.973 (95% CI: 0.945\u20130.999). FOR\u03b1 showed moderate discriminatory power with 73.33% sensitivity and 88.89% specificity, AUC was 0.770 (95% CI: 0.661\u20130.879) at cutoff level \u02c3918.16 pg\/ml. Combining TK1 with total PSA markedly improved the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 95.56%, specificity 97.78%). TK1 showed significant positive correlation with Gleason score, WHO grade and presence of metastasis at <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 each. TK1 &amp; FOR\u03b1 could serve as biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis offering a novel treatment approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15375-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T13:36:19Z","timestamp":1755610579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of thymidine kinase 1 and folate receptor alpha as potential biomarkers in prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Ibrahim","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer Mohamed","family":"Mohy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam Mohamed","family":"Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada Nabil","family":"Elnaggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"15375_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray, F. et al. Global cancer statistics: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 74 (3), 229\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21834 (2024).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"2","key":"15375_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279235","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2279235","volume":"55","author":"Q Ge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ge, Q. et al. Molecular classifications of prostate cancer: basis for individualized risk stratification and precision therapy. Ann. Med. 55 (2), 2279235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2023.2279235 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"15375_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2018.08.024","volume":"6","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. The U shape of prostate-specific antigen and prostate Cancer-specific mortality in High-grade metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Eur. Urol. 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