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This study analyzed the association of possible sarcopenia, handgrip strength and 5-time chair stand test with all-cause mortality in a Chinese middle-aged and older community population. This cohort study included a total of 11,233 participants aged\u2009\u2265\u200945\u00a0years from the 2011\u20132020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Diagnostic criteria for possible sarcopenia are based on Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019: low handgrip strength or 5-time chair stand test\u2009\u2265\u200912\u00a0s. The association of possible sarcopenia and its components with all-cause mortality was assessed by Cox proportional risk models. The results showed that possible sarcopenia was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77 (1.55\u20132.02),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001. Both low handgrip strength and 5-time chair stand test\u2009\u2265\u200912\u00a0s significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality, with HRs and 95%CIs of 1.51 (1.18\u20131.93),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001 and 1.61 (1.39\u20131.87),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively; when both were present, the risk of all-cause mortality was further elevated, HR and 95%CI 2.54 (2.11\u20133.06),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001. Possible sarcopenia and its components are all associated with a higher mortality and it is important to identify these risk factors in primary care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16034-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:10:40Z","timestamp":1755648640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of possible sarcopenia and its components with all-cause mortality in a middle-aged and older population: a 9-year cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1893-7239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiping","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guihua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8892-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunda","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0842-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"16034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","volume":"21","author":"L-K Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, L.-K. et al. 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