{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:00:13Z","timestamp":1793379613740,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16385-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T21:51:56Z","timestamp":1755640316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Metabolic dysfunction impairs Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cytokine and chemokine responses in latent tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Phillip","family":"Ssekamatte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Sitenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Nabatanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyaviira","family":"Nkurunungi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Nakibuule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davis","family":"Kibirige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Peter","family":"Kyazze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Patrick","family":"Kateete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard Ssentalo","family":"Bagaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obondo James","family":"Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinout","family":"van Crevel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Cose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene Andia","family":"Biraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"16385_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899821","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.899821","volume":"9","author":"Q Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, Q. et al. The association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Med. 9, 899821 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"16385_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0187967","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187967","volume":"12","author":"RH Al-Rifai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Rifai, R. H., Pearson, F., Critchley, J. A. & Abu-Raddad, L. J. Association between diabetes mellitus and active tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 12(11), e0187967 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"16385_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.18.0433","volume":"23","author":"P Huangfu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huangfu, P., Ugarte-Gil, C., Golub, J., Pearson, F. & Critchley, J. The effects of diabetes on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Tuberculosis Lung Dis. 23(7), 783\u2013796 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberculosis Lung Dis."},{"key":"16385_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973991","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.973991","volume":"13","author":"H Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. The impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on immunological and metabolic features of diabetic patients. Front. Immunol. 13, 973991 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"16385_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S510247","volume":"18","author":"S Rissaadah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rissaadah, S., Nursiswati, N. & Pahria, T. Glycemic profile and clinical treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus-tuberculosis: an update scoping review. J. Multidiscip. Healthc. 18, 747\u2013758 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Multidiscip. Healthc."},{"issue":"1","key":"16385_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0457","volume":"20","author":"RL Hensel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hensel, R. L. et al. Increased risk of latent tuberculous infection among persons with pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 20(1), 71\u201378 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"16385_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122255","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1122255","volume":"14","author":"P Ssekamatte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ssekamatte, P., Sande, O. J., van Crevel, R. & Biraro, I. A. Immunologic, metabolic and genetic impact of diabetes on tuberculosis susceptibility. Front. Immunol. 14, 1122255 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"16385_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201305-112OC","volume":"10","author":"NP Kumar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kumar, N. P. et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus coincident with pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with heightened systemic type 1, type 17, and other proinflammatory cytokines. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 10(5), 441\u2013449 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"issue":"10","key":"16385_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu329","volume":"210","author":"NP Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, N. P. et al. Diminished systemic and antigen-specific type 1, type 17, and other proinflammatory cytokines in diabetic and prediabetic individuals with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J. Infect. Dis. 210(10), 1670\u20131678 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"16385_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0018-2016","volume":"4","author":"R Domingo-Gonzalez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Domingo-Gonzalez, R., Prince, O., Cooper, A. & Khader, S. A. Cytokines and Chemokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Microbiol. Spectrum. 4(5), 23 (2016).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum."},{"issue":"2","key":"16385_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.01.010","volume":"151","author":"S Ashenafi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ashenafi, S. et al. Progression of clinical tuberculosis is associated with a Th2 immune response signature in combination with elevated levels of SOCS3. Clin. Immunol. 151(2), 84\u201399 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"16385_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.716819","volume":"12","author":"P Ssekamatte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ssekamatte, P. et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and latent tuberculosis infection moderately influence innate lymphoid cell immune responses in Uganda. Front. Immunol. 12, 3551 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"16385_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7-e","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","volume":"43","author":"ME Ritchie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritchie, M. E. et al. limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43(7), e7-e (2015).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"16385_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"H Wickham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wickham, H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis 2nd edn. (Springer, 2016).","edition":"2"},{"key":"16385_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.06.003","volume":"195","author":"R Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu, R., Xia, C.-Q., Butfiloski, E. & Clare-Salzler, M. Effect of high glucose on cytokine production by human peripheral blood immune cells and type I interferon signaling in monocytes: Implications for the role of hyperglycemia in the diabetes inflammatory process and host defense against infection. Clin. Immunol. 195, 139\u2013148 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"16385_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-3008","volume":"38","author":"V Grossmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grossmann, V. et al. Profile of the immune and inflammatory response in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 38(7), 1356\u20131364 (2015).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"16385_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa751","volume":"72","author":"C Eckold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eckold, C. et al. Impact of intermediate hyperglycemia and diabetes on immune dysfunction in tuberculosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 72(1), 69\u201378 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"16385_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2400145","volume":"213","author":"K Maciag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maciag, K., Plumlee, C. R., Cohen, S. B., Gern, B. H. & Urdahl, K. B. Reappraising the role of T cell-derived IFN-\u03b3 in restriction of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the murine lung. J. Immunol. 213(3), 339\u2013346 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"16385_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200061","volume":"190","author":"AM Green","year":"2013","unstructured":"Green, A. M., DiFazio, R. & Flynn, J. L. IFN-\u03b3 from CD4 T Cells Is essential for host survival and enhances CD8 T cell function during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J. Immunol. 190(1), 270\u2013277 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"16385_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01809","volume":"3","author":"N Allie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allie, N. et al. Prominent role for T cell-derived tumour necrosis factor for sustained control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci. Rep. 3(1), 1809 (2013).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"16385_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.06.011","volume":"29","author":"H Clay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clay, H., Volkman, H. E. & Ramakrishnan, L. Tumor necrosis factor signaling mediates resistance to mycobacteria by inhibiting bacterial growth and macrophage death. Immunity 29(2), 283\u2013294 (2008).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"16385_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02350","volume":"10","author":"X Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. IL-2 restores T-cell dysfunction induced by persistent mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen stimulation. Front. Immunol. 10, 2350 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"16385_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.1.39","volume":"186","author":"AM Cooper","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cooper, A. M., Magram, J., Ferrante, J. & Orme, I. M. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is crucial to the development of protective immunity in mice intravenously infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Exp. Med. 186(1), 39\u201345 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"16385_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2014.11.019","volume":"50","author":"Y-Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, Y.-Y. et al. Recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin coexpressing Ag85b, CFP10, and interleukin-12 elicits effective protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 50(1), 90\u201396 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"issue":"6","key":"16385_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.004","volume":"178","author":"FJ Roca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roca, F. J., Whitworth, L. J., Redmond, S., Jones, A. A. & Ramakrishnan, L. TNF induces pathogenic programmed macrophage necrosis in tuberculosis through a mitochondrial-lysosomal-endoplasmic reticulum circuit. Cell 178(6), 1344\u201361.e11 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"16385_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01456","volume":"9","author":"T Blauenfeldt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blauenfeldt, T. et al. Interplay of DDP4 and IP-10 as a potential mechanism for cell recruitment to tuberculosis lesions. Front. Immunol. 9, 1456 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"16385_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.6.2095","volume":"156","author":"DD Taub","year":"1996","unstructured":"Taub, D. D., Turcovski-Corrales, S. M., Key, M. L., Longo, D. L. & Murphy, W. J. Chemokines and T lymphocyte activation: Beta chemokines costimulate human T lymphocyte activation in vitro. J. Immunol. 156(6), 2095\u20132103 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"16385_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.9.4129","volume":"158","author":"WJ Karpus","year":"1997","unstructured":"Karpus, W. J. et al. Differential CC chemokine-induced enhancement of T helper cell cytokine production. J. Immunol. 158(9), 4129\u20134136 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"16385_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.1684-1693.2002","volume":"70","author":"JJ Saukkonen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saukkonen, J. J. et al. \u03b2-chemokines are induced by mycobacterium tuberculosis and inhibit its growth. Infect. Immun. 70(4), 1684\u20131693 (2002).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"7","key":"16385_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3600","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401088","volume":"193","author":"FW McNab","year":"2014","unstructured":"McNab, F. W. et al. Type I IFN Induces IL-10 production in an IL-27\u2013independent manner and blocks responsiveness to IFN-\u03b3 for production of IL-12 and bacterial killing in mycobacterium tuberculosis\u2013infected macrophages. J. Immunol. 193(7), 3600\u20133612 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"25","key":"16385_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.002","volume":"186","author":"DI Kotov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kotov, D. I. et al. Early cellular mechanisms of type I interferon-driven susceptibility to tuberculosis. Cell 186(25), 5536\u201353.e22 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"16385_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00599-z","volume":"18","author":"M Permanyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Permanyer, M. et al. Efficient IL-2R signaling differentially affects the stability, function, and composition of the regulatory T-cell pool. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 18(2), 398\u2013414 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"16385_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2018.01.026","volume":"157","author":"JL Risti\u0107-Djurovi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Risti\u0107-Djurovi\u0107, J. L., \u0106irkovi\u0107, S., Mladenovi\u0107, P., Rom\u010devi\u0107, N. & Trbovich, A. M. Analysis of methods commonly used in biomedicine for treatment versus control comparison of very small samples. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 157, 153\u2013162 (2018).","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"issue":"3","key":"16385_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.7","volume":"4","author":"PS Redford","year":"2011","unstructured":"Redford, P. S., Murray, P. J. & O\u2019Garra, A. The role of IL-10 in immune regulation during M tuberculosis infection. Mucosal Immunol. 4(3), 261\u2013270 (2011).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"16385_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859116","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.859116","volume":"13","author":"A Mishra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mishra, A. et al. Human macrophages exhibit GM-CSF dependent restriction of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection via regulating their self-survival. Diff. Metab. Front. Immunol. 13, 859116 (2022).","journal-title":"Diff. Metab. Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"16385_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.2.1178","volume":"179","author":"CM Fremond","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fremond, C. M. et al. IL-1 receptor-mediated signal is an essential component of MyD88-dependent innate response to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J. Immunol. 179(2), 1178\u20131189 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"16385_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904189","volume":"184","author":"KD Mayer-Barber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mayer-Barber, K. D. et al. Cutting edge: Caspase-1 Independent IL-1\u03b2 Production Is critical for host resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis and does not require TLR signaling in vivo. J. Immunol. 184(7), 3326\u20133330 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"16385_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601340","volume":"199","author":"L Moreira-Teixeira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moreira-Teixeira, L. et al. T cell-derived IL-10 impairs host resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J. Immunol. 199(2), 613\u2013623 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"16385_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666293","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.666293","volume":"12","author":"H-S Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park, H.-S. et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2145c promotes intracellular survival by STAT3 and IL-10 receptor signaling. Front. Immunol. 12, 666293 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"16385_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691823","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.691823","volume":"11","author":"R Sinha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sinha, R. et al. Pre-diabetes increases tuberculosis disease severity, while high body fat without impaired glucose tolerance is protective. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 11, 691823 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"16385_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57817","volume":"122","author":"KS Tan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tan, K. S. et al. Glutathione deficiency in type 2 diabetes impairs cytokine responses and control of intracellular bacteria. J. Clin. Invest. 122(6), 2289\u20132300 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"16385_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/590565","volume":"47","author":"BI Restrepo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Restrepo, B. I. et al. Tuberculosis in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: altered cytokine expression in peripheral white blood cells. Clin. Infect. Dis. 47(5), 634\u2013641 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"16385_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802242","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02242-2018","volume":"54","author":"A Pooran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pooran, A. et al. IL-4 subverts mycobacterial containment in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected human macrophages. Eur. Respir. J. 54(2), 1802242 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"16385_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124762","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/124762","volume":"1","author":"A Krupa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krupa, A. et al. Binding of CXCL8\/IL-8 to Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates the innate immune response. Mediators inflamm. 1, 124762 (2015).","journal-title":"Mediators inflamm."},{"issue":"5","key":"16385_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa208","volume":"117","author":"J Amersfoort","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amersfoort, J. et al. Diet-induced dyslipidemia induces metabolic and migratory adaptations in regulatory T cells. Cardiovasc. Res. 117(5), 1309\u20131324 (2020).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"16385_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12617","volume":"149","author":"P Varshney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Varshney, P., Yadav, V. & Saini, N. Lipid rafts in immune signalling: current progress and future perspective. Immunology 149(1), 13\u201324 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"16385_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00092-X","volume":"18","author":"DF Legler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Legler, D. F., Micheau, O., Doucey, M.-A., Tschopp, J. & Bron, C. Recruitment of TNF receptor 1 to lipid rafts is essential for TNF\u03b1-Mediated NF-\u03baB activation. Immunity 18(5), 655\u2013664 (2003).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"16385_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002229","volume":"7","author":"S Sen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sen, S., Roy, K., Mukherjee, S., Mukhopadhyay, R. & Roy, S. Restoration of IFN\u03b3R subunit assembly, IFN\u03b3 signaling and parasite clearance in Leishmania donovani Infected Macrophages: role of membrane cholesterol. PLoS Pathog. 7(9), e1002229 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"16385_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053352","volume":"36","author":"SH Ross","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ross, S. H. & Cantrell, D. A. Signaling and function of Interleukin-2 in T lymphocytes. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 36, 411\u2013433 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"16385_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945980","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.945980","volume":"13","author":"A Bensussen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bensussen, A., Santana, M. A. & Rodr\u00edguez-Jorge, O. Metabolic alterations impair differentiation and effector functions of CD8+ T cells. Front Immunol. 13, 945980 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"16385_CR51","first-page":"625","volume":"6","author":"S Mahammad","year":"1801","unstructured":"Mahammad, S., Dinic, J., Adler, J. & Parmryd, I. 2010 Limited cholesterol depletion causes aggregation of plasma membrane lipid rafts inducing T cell activation Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids. 6, 625\u2013634 (1801).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids."},{"issue":"17","key":"16385_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14787","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.218610","volume":"286","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu, Y. et al. lowering Glycosphingolipid levels in CD4+ T cells attenuates T cell receptor signaling, cytokine production, and differentiation to the Th17 lineage. J. Biol. Chem. 286(17), 14787\u201314794 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"16385_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10279","volume":"8","author":"SY Lokpo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lokpo, S. Y. et al. The pattern of dyslipidaemia and factors associated with elevated levels of non-HDL-cholesterol among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Ho municipality: A cross sectional study. Heliyon. 8, 8 (2022).","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"issue":"1","key":"16385_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02489-w","volume":"22","author":"D Abdissa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdissa, D. & Hirpa, D. Dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adult diabetes outpatients in West Shewa zone public hospitals, Ethiopia. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 22(1), 39 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"16385_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112760","volume":"28","author":"J Brake","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brake, J. et al. Inflammation and dyslipidaemia in combined diabetes and tuberculosis; a cohort study. iScience. 28, 112760 (2025).","journal-title":"iScience."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-16385-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-16385-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-16385-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T09:30:32Z","timestamp":1757410232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-16385-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["16385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-16385-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"30474"}}