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To date, 14 <jats:italic>U.<\/jats:italic> spp. serotypes have been characterized; however, modern molecular biology methods can distinguish different <jats:italic>U.<\/jats:italic> spp genotypes. Considering these factors, a knowledge gap exists regarding the association between <jats:italic>U.<\/jats:italic> spp. genotypes and the risk of the ascension of <jats:italic>U.<\/jats:italic> spp. from the cervix to the amniotic cavity. To fill this gap, an expanded multilocus sequence-typing scheme of <jats:italic>U.<\/jats:italic> spp. was performed to assess the relationship between cervical and amniotic fluid <jats:italic>U.<\/jats:italic> spp. in pregnant women with spontaneous preterm delivery. This study included 109 and 69 pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), respectively. <jats:italic>U.<\/jats:italic> spp. DNA in cervical fluid was identified in 49% and 55% of the women with PTL and PPROM, respectively. The concurrent presence of <jats:italic>U.<\/jats:italic> spp. DNA in amniotic fluid was observed in 17% and 59% of the pregnant women with PTL and PPROM, respectively. Among pregnant women with PTL and PPROM, 38 expanded sequence types of cervical <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>. spp. were identified. No associations were observed between specific genotypes, subgroups, or clusters of cervical <jats:italic>U.<\/jats:italic> spp. and the presence of amniotic fluid <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>. spp. in pregnant women with spontaneous preterm delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16612-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T12:48:10Z","timestamp":1756558090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of cervical fluid Ureaplasma species in pregnant women with spontaneous preterm delivery"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Radka","family":"Bolehovska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonin","family":"Libra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Kukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Bostik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Musilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Matulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Grzesiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Kacerovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6198","key":"16612_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251816","volume":"345","author":"R Romero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Romero, R., Dey, S. 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