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Using a single-blind, stratified randomized controlled design, 50 patients with unilateral upper-extremity motor paralysis were allocated to either a goal-setting group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200925) or a control group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200925) without goal setting. Both groups performed an unsupervised reaching task during a 15-minute session. The primary outcome measures included the total time spent in training and the success rate of reaching tasks. The secondary outcome was self-reported motivation assessed using a visual analog scale. Although there were no significant differences in the median [interquartile range] training time between goal-setting and control groups (636 [500\u2013709] sec vs. 633 [494\u2013715] sec,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.771), the goal-setting group demonstrated significantly higher success rates than the control group (92.6 [82.9\u201396.0]% vs. 80.7 [65.4\u201392.6]%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.019). Self-reported motivation scores showed no significant differences between the groups (76 [60\u201395] vs. 84 [49\u201397],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.994). These findings suggest that goal setting can help patients accurately perform reaching movements during unsupervised training, potentially enhancing the quality of motor performance in self-rehabilitation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-17709-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T10:06:24Z","timestamp":1759485984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Goal-setting improves movement accuracy during unsupervised training in stroke patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chikako","family":"Sakakibara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Oyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukie","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Kitade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Fujishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"17709_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000113","volume":"48","author":"A Towfighi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Towfighi, A. et al. 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