{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:46:18Z","timestamp":1783525578338,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Temporal aspects of falls are not well characterized in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), particularly those later in life. The purpose of the current study is to characterize the timing (across day and year) of falls in people with probable PD compared to non-PD peers. Swedish registries were used to identify 441 people (mean age, 83.7\u00a0years, range\u2009=\u2009[59.0\u2013100.0]) with one or more prospectively registered falls over the course of approximately 2.5\u00a0years. Of these participants, 40 were prescribed drugs of the class N04 \u201cAnti-Parkinson Drugs\u201d. Of these 40, 30 were prescribed dopamine or dopamine derivatives, suggesting presence of PD, and 10 were prescribed \u201cother PD-related medications\u201d. Given the unclear nature of these 10 participants, they were excluded from all analyses. Chi-squared tests and Generalized Estimating Equations were used to assess the time of day and year of falls in people with probable PD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930) and non-PD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009401) accounting for covariates (age, gender, number of prescription medications). There was a statistically-significant effect of PD-group on fall time of day (accounting for gender, age, &amp; number of prescription medications), such that Swedish residents with probable PD fell less often in the evening than the day (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015, OR\u2009=\u20090.61). Across the whole sample, female participants fell less frequently at night than the day (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032, OR\u2009=\u20090.73). People with probable PD fell more frequently in the spring months than other seasons (\u00d72\u2009=\u200932.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The finding that people with probable PD exhibit more falls during the day than night is consistent with previous work and extends knowledge to show a similar result in older, more frail people with PD. Characterizing the temporal nature of falls in people with PD can provide additional context to other fall circumstances, thus improving our ability to treat and predict falls in this group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-17752-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T09:46:09Z","timestamp":1757670369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterizing the time of day and year of falls in people with probable Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Westerlind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds","family":"Lopes de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Finkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"17752_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170047","volume":"248","author":"BR Bloem","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bloem, B. R. et al. Prospective assessment of falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J. Neurol. 248(11), 950\u2013958 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"17752_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20115","volume":"19","author":"BR Bloem","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bloem, B. R. et al. Falls and freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A review of two interconnected, episodic phenomena. Mov. Disord. 19(8), 871\u2013884 (2004).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"16","key":"17752_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701828930","volume":"30","author":"A Ashburn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ashburn, A. et al. The circumstances of falls among people with Parkinson\u2019s disease and the use of Falls Diaries to facilitate reporting. Disabil. Rehabil. 30(16), 1205\u20131212 (2008).","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"17752_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13636","volume":"10","author":"IPR Castro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Castro, I. P. R. et al. Predictors of falls with injuries in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract. 10(2), 258\u2013268 (2023).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"17752_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13878","volume":"64","author":"TB Weaver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weaver, T. B. et al. Falls and Parkinson\u2019s disease: Evidence from video recordings of actual fall events. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 64(1), 96\u2013101 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"17752_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2504-2","volume":"37","author":"T Gazibara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gazibara, T. et al. Indoor and outdoor falls in persons with Parkinson\u2019s disease after 1 year follow-up study: Differences and consequences. Neurol. Sci. 37(4), 597\u2013602 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"17752_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/rnj.0000000000000265","volume":"46","author":"O Kuljeerung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuljeerung, O. & Lach, H. W. Extrinsic and behavioral fall risk factors in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: An integrative review. Rehabil. Nurs. 46(1), 3\u201310 (2021).","journal-title":"Rehabil. Nurs."},{"issue":"5","key":"17752_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2014.05.001","volume":"35","author":"T Gazibara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gazibara, T. et al. Circumstances of falls and fall-related injuries among patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease in an outpatient setting. Geriatr. Nurs. 35(5), 364\u2013369 (2014).","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs."},{"key":"17752_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2016.02.006","volume":"65","author":"T Gazibara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gazibara, T. et al. Recurrent falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease after one year of follow-up: A nested case-control study. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 65, 17\u201324 (2016).","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"17752_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/QMH.0000000000000058","volume":"24","author":"J Edvinsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edvinsson, J. et al. Senior alert: A quality registry to support a standardized, structured, and systematic preventive care process for older adults. Qual. Manag. Health Care 24(2), 96\u2013101 (2015).","journal-title":"Qual. Manag. Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"17752_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40886-018-0077-x","volume":"4","author":"A Trinks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trinks, A. et al. The impact of a national quality register in the analysis of risks and adverse events among older adults in nursing homes and hospital wards\u2014a Swedish Senior Alert survey. Saf. Health 4(1), 10 (2018).","journal-title":"Saf. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"17752_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.6.875","volume":"9","author":"P Lichtenstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lichtenstein, P. et al. The Swedish twin registry in the third millennium: an update. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 9(6), 875\u2013882 (2006).","journal-title":"Twin Res. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"5","key":"17752_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01629-6","volume":"33","author":"L Johansson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johansson, L. et al. Using aggregated data from Swedish national quality registries as tools to describe health conditions of older adults with complex needs. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 33(5), 1297\u20131306 (2021).","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"17752_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2013.827660","volume":"13","author":"RL Maher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maher, R. L., Hanlon, J. & Hajjar, E. R. Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 13(1), 57\u201365 (2014).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"17752_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148671","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1148671","volume":"11","author":"B Alqahtani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alqahtani, B. Number of medications and polypharmacy are associated with frailty in older adults: results from the Midlife in the United States study. Front Public Health 11, 1148671 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"17752_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12773-1","volume":"22","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan, Y. et al. Association between physical activity and falls among older adults in rural China: are there gender and age related differences?. BMC Public Health 22(1), 356 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"17752_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01896-w","volume":"20","author":"H Ito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ito, H. et al. The relationships between three-axis accelerometer measures of physical activity and motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a single-center pilot study. BMC Neurol 20(1), 340 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"17752_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26269","volume":"30","author":"C Curtze","year":"2015","unstructured":"Curtze, C. et al. Levodopa Is a double-edged sword for balance and gait in people with parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 30(10), 1361 (2015).","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"17752_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.9.1468","volume":"13","author":"K Aoyagi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Aoyagi, K. et al. Falls among community-dwelling elderly in Japan. J Bone Miner Res 13(9), 1468\u20131474 (1998).","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"17752_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.07.011","volume":"73","author":"JR Crenshaw","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crenshaw, J. R. et al. The circumstances, orientations, and impact locations of falls in community-dwelling older women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 73, 240\u2013247 (2017).","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"31","key":"17752_CR21","first-page":"7","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital signs: Walking among adults\u2013United States, 2005 and 2010. MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 61(31), 7 (2012).","journal-title":"MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"17752_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110202108","volume":"11","author":"CJ Matz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matz, C. J. et al. Effects of age, season, gender and urban-rural status on time-activity: CanadianHuman activity pattern survey 2 (CHAPS 2). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11(2), 2108\u20132124 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"17752_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035721","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1035721","volume":"13","author":"L Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, L. et al. Quality of life: Seasonal fluctuation in parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neurol 13, 1035721 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"17752_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2019.11.006","volume":"9","author":"P Abizanda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abizanda, P. et al. Validation of a self-implemented Walkway system for gait speed measurement in usual clinical care. Health Policy Tech. 9(1), 102\u2013108 (2020).","journal-title":"Health Policy Tech."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-17752-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-17752-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-17752-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T22:03:21Z","timestamp":1758060201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-17752-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["17752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-17752-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Data collection was overseen by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority in Linkoping, Sweden (see text for details.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"32508"}}