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The formation mechanism and stability of the composite film were investigated using DFT calculations, revealing enhanced interactions and stability in the S, N\u2013CQDs-containing film (amylopectin-S, N\u2013CQDs15). FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of S, N\u2013CQDs and revealed a tighter pore structure in the composite film, leading to increased surface area. The amylopectin-S, N\u2013CQDs15 film exhibited significantly improved antibacterial activity, with inhibition rates of 95.25% against\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 99.12% against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 99.23% against\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings were supported by molecular docking studies indicating strong binding affinities. Furthermore, the film demonstrated its potential as a smart sensor through distinct fluorescence responses to these microorganisms: it showed mixed green and red fluorescence with\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , blue dots with\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and a change from large red regions to numerous green dots with\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The film also exhibited a fluorescence shift from red to blue upon exposure to Cr(VI). Notably, the film displayed pH-responsive color transitions relevant to monitoring tomato spoilage. These findings highlight the potential of this bio-based composite film, prepared from a waste resource, as a sustainable and effective solution for active food packaging, offering antimicrobial properties and detection of spoilage and contamination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-19875-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T20:04:36Z","timestamp":1758657876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Amylopectin xerogel with onion based sulfur nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots as a chemosensor for chromium and biosensor for microbial spoilage in tomatoes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hebat-Allah S.","family":"Tohamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"19875_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tohamy, H. 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