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Reinvestment however has also been associated with decreased cardiac vagal activity, and alternations in heart-rate-variability (HRV) which is a reflective measure of autonomic modulations and overall athletic performance. This observational study examined the relationships among HRV, cognitive function, perceived health, and decision-reinvestment with respect to on-pitch performance. The null-hypothesis was that HRV and cognitive function do not differ between reinvestment groups, but high-reinvesters report increased health concerns. HRV of 88 football-players was recorded (5-min) using an HRV-analyser. Participants self-reported mental and physical-health (SF-36), decision-reinvestment strategy (DSRS), and were assessed for memory (Backwards Corsi), selective attention (STROOP), and cognitive flexibility (WCST). Spearman correlations and two-sample tests were used for analysis. Perceived health correlated significantly with HRV, reinvestment, and WCST perseveration errors. High-reinvesters reported more pain, diminished well-being, vitality, social functioning, and emotional capability (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05), but showed no group differences in HRV or cognitive function. Reinvestment is linked to poor mental-health-, and health perception is in turn associated with HRV, advocating performance-focused mental-health optimisation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-19985-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T11:52:42Z","timestamp":1758109962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pain and mental-health scores significantly different in male and female football-players with traits of decision-reinvestment, but heart-rate-variability differences are unsupported"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Pourhassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Hitzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Langenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Erbguth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"19985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2022.03.006","volume":"17","author":"J Charest","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charest, J. & Grandner, M. 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