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However, MR thermometry in the abdomen is challenging due to respiratory and intestinal motion. This study evaluates two advanced 3D imaging sequences, Stack-of-Stars (Stars) and Stack-of-Spirals (Spirals), for precise MWA thermometry in phantom and volunteer experiments. Spirals demonstrated superior temperature precision, with a standard deviation of 1.61\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11\u00a0\u00b0C in unheated regions, compared to 4.87\u2009\u00b1\u20090.74\u00a0\u00b0C for Stars (single respiratory cycle). In heated regions, Spirals achieved a lower RMSE (0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0\u00b0C vs. 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0\u00b0C for Stars) and a higher Dice score for ablation zone delineation (0.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 vs. 0.77\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09). Spirals also produced sharper images with fewer artifacts under simulated respiratory motion, while Stars showed streaking artifacts due to higher undersampling. These findings highlight Spirals\u2019 potential for accurate real-time thermometry in liver ablation. Future work should focus on improving reconstruction speed and mitigating susceptibility artifacts to enable clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-20588-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T08:15:30Z","timestamp":1758701730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation study of radial and spiral based volumetric thermometry for monitoring of hepatic microwave ablation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dominik","family":"Horstmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Othmar","family":"Belker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"D\u00fcx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Gutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Schr\u00f6er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Wacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bennet","family":"Hensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Gutberlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"20588_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-2556","volume":"22","author":"Z Sparchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sparchez, Z. et al. 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