{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:54:42Z","timestamp":1790963682430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-20732-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:31:25Z","timestamp":1761219085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protective effect of astaxanthin on myocardial injury induced by autologous liver transplantation in rats in conjunction with the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shujun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"20732_CR1","first-page":"849","volume":"21","author":"YQ Weng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weng, Y. Q. et al. Preliminary exploration of the myocardial protective mechanisms of ulinastatin during the perioperative period of liver transplantation. Chin. J. Hepatobiliary Surg. 21, 849\u2013851 (2015).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Hepatobiliary Surg."},{"key":"20732_CR2","first-page":"1483","volume":"13","author":"F Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao, F. et al. Astaxanthin provides neuroprotection in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway. Am. J. Transl. Res. 13, 1483\u20131493 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"20732_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-023-00513-1","volume":"28","author":"J Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren, J. et al. Astaxanthin alleviates PM(2.5)-induced cardiomyocyte injury via inhibiting ferroptosis. Cell Mol. Biol. Lett. 28, 95 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"20732_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5125","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11613","volume":"22","author":"X Qu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qu, X. et al. Attenuation of the Na\/K-ATPase\/Src\/ROS amplification signaling pathway by astaxanthin ameliorates myocardial cell oxidative stress injury. Mol. Med. Rep. 22, 5125\u20135134 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"20732_CR5","first-page":"4099","volume":"25","author":"MA Zaafan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zaafan, M. A. & Abdelhamid, A. M. The cardioprotective effect of astaxanthin against isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats: involvement of TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 25, 4099\u20134105 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"20732_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7639109","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7639109","volume":"2020","author":"G Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui, G. et al. Astaxanthin protects ochratoxin A-Induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the heart via the Nrf2 pathway. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2020, 7639109 (2020).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"issue":"11","key":"20732_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187810","volume":"12","author":"S Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. Astaxanthin prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury of the steatotic liver in mice. PLoS ONE 12(11), e0187810 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"20732_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.3390\/md13063368","volume":"13","author":"J Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Astaxanthin pretreatment attenuates hepatic ischemia reperfusion-induced apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS\/MAPK pathway in mice. Mar Drugs. 13(6), 3368\u20133387 (2015).","journal-title":"Mar Drugs."},{"issue":"35","key":"20732_CR9","first-page":"39842","volume":"14","author":"H Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, H. et al. Astaxanthin activated the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway to enhance autophagy and inhibit ferroptosis, ameliorating acetaminophen-induced liver injury. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 14(35), 39842\u201339851 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces."},{"issue":"6","key":"20732_CR10","first-page":"487","volume":"248","author":"IP Taufani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taufani, I. P. et al. Mitochondrial ROS induced by ML385, an Nrf2 inhibitor aggravates the ferroptosis induced by RSL3 in human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Exp. Biol. Med. Maywood 248(6), 487\u2013497 (2023).","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. Maywood"},{"key":"20732_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Protective effect of astaxanthin on ochratoxin A-induced kidney injury to mice by regulating oxidative stress-related NRF2\/KEAP1 pathway. Molecules 25, (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061386"},{"key":"20732_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111374","volume":"137","author":"Z Kohandel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kohandel, Z., Farkhondeh, T., Aschner, M. & Samarghandian, S. Nrf2 a molecular therapeutic target for Astaxanthin. Biomed. Pharmacother 137, 111374 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"key":"20732_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42887","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c10506","volume":"14","author":"X Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai, X. et al. Astaxanthin activated the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway to enhance autophagy and inhibit ferroptosis, ameliorating acetaminophen-induced liver injury. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14, 42887\u201342903 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"20732_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02429H","volume":"11","author":"H Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, H. et al. Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis ameliorates the chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin) induced liver injury through the Keap1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway in mice. Food Funct. 11, 4659\u20134671 (2020).","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"20732_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02581-8","volume":"397","author":"R Azadian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azadian, R., Mohammadalipour, A., Memarzadeh, M. R., Hashemnia, M. & Aarabi, M. H. Examining hepatoprotective effects of astaxanthin against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through modulation of Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway genes. Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 397, 371\u2013380 (2024).","journal-title":"Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"20732_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-01861-x","volume":"393","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Astaxanthin alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus in mice through suppression of oxidative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 393, 2517\u20132527 (2020).","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"20732_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282221087102","volume":"37","author":"F Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao, F. et al. Mitochondrial targeted astaxanthin liposomes for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury based on oxidative stress. J. Biomater. Appl. 37, 303\u2013314 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"20732_CR18","first-page":"7722","volume":"24","author":"YS Gai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gai, Y. S., Ren, Y. H., Gao, Y. & Liu, H. N. Astaxanthin protecting myocardial cells from hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury by regulating miR-138\/HIF-1\u03b1 axis. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 7722\u20137731 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"20732_CR19","first-page":"3338","volume":"22","author":"WJ Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie, W. J., Hou, G., Wang, L., Wang, S. S. & Xiong, X. X. Astaxanthin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury by regulating MAPK and PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling. Mol. Med. Rep. 22, 3338\u20133346 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"20732_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103971","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1103971","volume":"14","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Effects of astaxanthin on microRNA expression in a rat cardiomyocyte anoxia-reoxygenation model. Front. Pharmacol. 14, 1103971 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"20732_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111732","volume":"130","author":"WH Abdulaal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdulaal, W. H. et al. Modulation of the crosstalk between Keap1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways by Tomatidine protects against inflammation\/oxidative stress-driven fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol. 130, 111732 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"20732_CR22","first-page":"461","volume":"48","author":"ZM Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, Z. M. et al. Electroacupuncture improves ischemic myocardial injury by activating Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in rats. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 48, 461\u2013467 (2023).","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"key":"20732_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9628521","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9628521","volume":"2021","author":"R Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, R., Wu, Y. & Jiang, S. FOXC2 alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through regulating Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway. Dis. Markers 2021, 9628521 (2021).","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"20732_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(98)01208-1","volume":"30","author":"E Nozato","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nozato, E. et al. In situ perfusion of the liver under portosystemic shunt in rats: A stable model of cold ischemia for orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 30, 3718\u20133720 (1998).","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"20732_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112179","volume":"145","author":"Z Kohandel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kohandel, Z., Farkhondeh, T., Aschner, M., Pourbagher-Shahri, A. M. & Samarghandian, S. Anti-inflammatory action of astaxanthin and its use in the treatment of various diseases. Biomed. Pharmacother 145, 112179 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"key":"20732_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kato, T. et al. Effects of 3-month astaxanthin supplementation on cardiac function in heart failure patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction-A pilot study. Nutrients 12, (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061896"},{"key":"20732_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2017.03.007","volume":"1861","author":"J Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Astaxanthin attenuated pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis: Partially by activating SIRT1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. 1861, 1715\u20131728 (2017).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"20732_CR28","first-page":"509","volume":"21","author":"ZY Deng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deng, Z. Y. Protective effect of astaxanthin on experimental myocardial infarct in Beagle dogs and its mechanism on lowering oxidative stress. Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 21, 509\u2013513 (2016).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"20732_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6218239","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6218239","volume":"2019","author":"A Zolnourian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zolnourian, A., Galea, I. & Bulters, D. Neuroprotective role of the Nrf2 pathway in subarachnoid haemorrhage and its therapeutic potential. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev 2019, 6218239 (2019).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev"},{"key":"20732_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104689","volume":"155","author":"I Faraone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faraone, I. et al. Astaxanthin anticancer effects are mediated through multiple molecular mechanisms: A systematic review. Pharmacol. Res. 155, 104689 (2020).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"20732_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297913020016","volume":"78","author":"KT Turpaev","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turpaev, K. T. Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway: Mechanisms of regulation and role in protection of cells against toxicity caused by xenobiotics and electrophiles. Biochemistry (Mosc) 78, 111\u2013126 (2013).","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"20732_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117329","volume":"244","author":"M Ashrafizadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashrafizadeh, M. et al. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway: Implications in disease therapy and protection against oxidative stress. Life Sci. 244, 117329 (2020).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"20732_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155932581769115","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325817691158","volume":"15","author":"S Samarghandian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Samarghandian, S., Azimi-Nezhad, M. & Farkhondeh, T. Catechin treatment ameliorates diabetes and its complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Dose Response 15, 1559325817691158 (2017).","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"20732_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14363","volume":"176","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Liu, D., Zhang, M. & Zhang, Y. Programmed necrosis in cardiomyocytes: Mitochondria, death receptors and beyond. Br. J. Pharmacol. 176, 4319\u20134339 (2019).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"20732_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12720","volume":"44","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Effects of miRNAs on myocardial apoptosis by modulating mitochondria related proteins. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 44, 431\u2013440 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"20732_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22724","volume":"34","author":"CH Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, C. H., Wang, F. T. & Chan, W. H. Prevention of ochratoxin A-induced oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic processes and impairment of embryonic development in mouse blastocysts by liquiritigenin. Environ. Toxicol. 34, 573\u2013584 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"20732_CR37","first-page":"2133","volume":"43","author":"M Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Protective effects of Myrica rubra flavonoids against hypoxia\/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury via the regulation of the PI3K\/Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 pathway. Int. J. Mol. Med. 43, 2133\u20132143 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"20732_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.28633","volume":"15","author":"Q Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. PM(2.5) exposure induces more serious apoptosis of cardiomyocytes mediated by Caspase3 through JNK\/P53 pathway in hyperlipidemic rats. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 15, 24\u201333 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-20732-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-20732-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-20732-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:31:32Z","timestamp":1761219092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-20732-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["20732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-20732-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The experimental procedure for animal treatment in this research work was sanctioned through the IACUC of Nankai University (Approval No. 2010-0113A), and was in accordance with the national regulations on the management of experimental animals and reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"37033"}}