{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T23:02:40Z","timestamp":1792364560736,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002957","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Active middle ear implants (AMEIs) such as the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) offer an effective treatment option for patients with mixed or conductive hearing loss and large air\u2013bone gaps, where conventional hearing rehabilitation often fails. However, postoperative outcomes\u2014particularly speech intelligibility at 65 dB SPL in free-field (WRS\n                    <jats:sub>65dB<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\u2014show high interindividual variability. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for WRS\n                    <jats:sub>65dB<\/jats:sub>\n                    based on four clinically relevant parameters: postoperative bone conduction thresholds (BC\n                    <jats:sub>PTA4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), unaided preoperative maximum speech intelligibility (WRS\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), Vibrogram threshold (VIB\n                    <jats:sub>PTA4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and age. Data from 20 patients were analyzed. Spearman\u2019s correlation revealed significant associations between WRS\n                    <jats:sub>65dB<\/jats:sub>\n                    and postoperative BC\n                    <jats:sub>PTA4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , preoperative WRS\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and age. Using a seven-step approach supported by GPT-4o, we developed a sigmoid-transformed linear regression model. The final model included BC\n                    <jats:sub>PTA4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , WRS\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and age and achieved an R\u00b2 of 0.51,\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.71, RMSE\u2009=\u20096.18, and MAE\u2009=\u20094.67. Model performance was assessed by means of residual and outlier analysis. This model provides a transparent and clinically applicable tool for preoperative outcome estimation in VSB candidates. Further validation in larger, multicenter cohorts is needed to confirm its generalizability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-20919-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T11:37:53Z","timestamp":1762947473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Large language model\u2013based prediction of speech intelligibility after Vibrant Soundbridge implantation using multidimensional outcome data: Part 2 of a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Seidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tsypina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Kuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Zahnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susen","family":"Lailach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"20919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000453354","volume":"21","author":"S Busch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Busch, S., Lenarz, T. & Maier, H. Comparison of alternative coupling methods of the vibrant Soundbridge floating mass transducer. Audiol. Neurotol. 21, 347\u2013355 (2016).","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol"},{"key":"20919_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001412","volume":"38","author":"A M\u00fcller","year":"2017","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, A. et al. Influence of Floating-mass transducer coupling efficiency for active Middle-ear implants on speech recognition. Otol Neurotol. 38, 809\u2013814 (2017).","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"20919_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2021.108424","author":"T Rahne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahne, T. & Plontke, S. K. Systematic and audiological indication criteria for bone conduction devices and active middle ear implants. Hear. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2021.108424 (2022).","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"20919_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, C. et al. Comprehensive analysis of predictors and outcomes after Vibrant Soundbridge implantation: Part 1 of a prospective study. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-20966-y (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-20966-y"},{"key":"20919_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E940","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28771","volume":"131","author":"U Hoppe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoppe, U., Hocke, T., Hast, A. & Iro, H. Cochlear implantation in candidates with Moderate-to-Severe hearing loss and poor speech perception. Laryngoscope 131, E940\u2013E945 (2021).","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"20919_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-019-0648-0","volume":"67","author":"U Hoppe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoppe, U., Hocke, T., Hast, A. & Iro, H. Maximum preimplantation monosyllabic score as predictor of cochlear implant outcome. HNO 67, 62\u201368 (2019).","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"20919_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001258","volume":"44","author":"C M\u00fcller","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, C. et al. Influence of the coupling on the hearing outcome after implantation of an active middle ear implant: comparison of the transmission behavior in Temporal bone experiments with clinical data. Ear Hear. 44, 135\u2013145 (2023).","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"20919_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001258","author":"C M\u00fcller","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, C. et al. Influence of the coupling on the hearing outcome after implantation of an active middle ear implant: comparison of the transmission behavior in Temporal bone experiments with clinical data. Ear Hear. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001258 (2022).","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"20919_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003491","author":"H Maier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maier, H. et al. Consensus statement on bone conduction devices and active middle ear implants in conductive and mixed hearing loss. Otology Neurotology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003491 (2022).","journal-title":"Otology Neurotology"},{"key":"20919_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000943","volume":"37","author":"SP Schraven","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schraven, S. P. et al. Long-term stability of the active Middle-ear implant with Floating-mass transducer technology: A Single-center study. Otol Neurotol. 37, 252\u2013266 (2016).","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"20919_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6215","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196215","volume":"12","author":"U Hoppe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoppe, U., Hast, A., Hornung, J. & Hocke, T. Evolving a model for cochlear implant outcome. J. Clin. Med. 12, 6215 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"20919_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1286","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003271","volume":"42","author":"H Koyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koyama, H. et al. Machine learning technique reveals prognostic factors of vibrant Soundbridge for conductive or mixed hearing loss patients. Otology Neurotology. 42, e1286 (2021).","journal-title":"Otology Neurotology"},{"key":"20919_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.12.012","volume":"46","author":"W Wimmer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wimmer, W. et al. Outcome prediction for Bonebridge candidates based on audiological indication criteria. Auris Nasus Larynx. 46, 681\u2013686 (2019).","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"20919_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-023-01337-3","volume":"72","author":"S Arndt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arndt, S. et al. Prediction of postoperative speech comprehension with the transcutaneous partially implantable bone conduction hearing system Osia\u00ae. HNO 72, 1\u20139 (2024).","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"20919_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06064-x","volume":"278","author":"T Rahne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahne, T. et al. A retrospective European multicenter analysis of the functional outcomes after active middle ear implant surgery using the third generation vibroplasty couplers. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 278, 67\u201375 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"20919_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-016-0166-2","volume":"64","author":"A Winkler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winkler, A. & Holube, I. Test-Retest-Reliabilit\u00e4t des Freiburger einsilbertests. HNO 64, 564\u2013571 (2016).","journal-title":"HNO"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-20919-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-20919-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-20919-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T13:27:00Z","timestamp":1763990820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-20919-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["20919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-20919-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this Article was revised: In the original version of this Article Reference 4 was given incorrectly and stated as: \u201cM\u00fcller, C. et al. Comprehensive analysis of predictors and outcomes after Vibrant Soundbridge implantation: Part 1 of a prospective study. Scientific Reports. Accepted Manuscript. (2025).).\u201d The correct reference is: \u201cM\u00fcller, C. et al. Comprehensive analysis of predictors and outcomes after Vibrant Soundbridge implantation: Part 1 of a prospective study\u2019 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-20966-y.).\u201d The original Article has been corrected.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study followed the review and approval of the local ethics committee at the Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden (BO-EK-51012023).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Approval of local ethics committee"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and\/or their legal guardian(s) prior to participation in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"During manuscript preparation, DeepL and GPT-4o were utilized to translate the manuscript into English.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Use of translation aids"}}],"article-number":"39564"}}