{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T22:25:21Z","timestamp":1794435921496,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Areas Science and Technology Research Project","award":["2018AB022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018AB022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21073-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:02:29Z","timestamp":1763553749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between triglyceride glucose index-related indices with gallbladder disease: a prospective cohort study in rural China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Minghan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-xia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"21073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040550","volume":"12","author":"H Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun, H. et al. Factors influencing gallstone formation: A review of the literature. Biomolecules 12, 550 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"21073_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18754","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018754","volume":"99","author":"Q Gu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gu, Q., Zhou, G. & Xu, T. Risk factors for gallstone disease in Shanghai. Medicine 99(3), e18754 (2020).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"21073_CR3","first-page":"6","volume":"1","author":"S Qing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qing, S. & Li, Z. Insulin resistance: history, mechanisms and management. Chin. J. Diabetes Mellitus. 1, 6\u201313 (2023).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Diabetes Mellitus"},{"issue":"1","key":"21073_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-021-00368-x","volume":"16","author":"AM Gonz\u00e1lez-Castillo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Castillo, A. M. et al. Mortality risk estimation in acute calculous cholecystitis: beyond the Tokyo Guidelines. World J. Emerg. Surgery 16(1), 24 (2021).","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surgery"},{"key":"21073_CR5","first-page":"448","volume":"10","author":"D Dhamnetiya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhamnetiya, D., Goel, M. K., Dhiman, B. & Pathania, O. P. Gallstone disease and quantitative analysis of independent biochemical parameters: study in a tertiary care hospital of India. J. Lab. Physicians. 10, 448\u2013452 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Lab. Physicians"},{"key":"21073_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12583","volume":"46","author":"L S\u00e1nchez-\u00cd\u00f1igo","year":"2016","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-\u00cd\u00f1igo, L., Navarro\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez, D., Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Montero, A., Pastrana\u2010Delgado, J. & Mart\u00ednez, J. A. The TyG index May predict the development of cardiovascular events. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 46, 189\u2013197 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"21073_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.01.022","volume":"86","author":"D Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lez, D., S\u00e1nchez-\u00cd\u00f1igo, L., Pastrana-Delgado, J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Montero, A. & Martinez, J. A. Triglyceride\u2013glucose index (TyG index) in comparison with fasting plasma glucose improved diabetes prediction in patients with normal fasting glucose: the Vascular-Metabolic CUN cohort. Prev. Med. 86, 99\u2013105 (2016).","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"21073_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0034","volume":"6","author":"LE Simental-Mend\u00eda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simental-Mend\u00eda, L. E., Rodr\u00edguez-Mor\u00e1n, M. & Guerrero-Romero, F. The product of fasting glucose and triglycerides as surrogate for identifying insulin resistance in apparently healthy subjects. Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 6, 299\u2013304 (2008).","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"21073_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0692-1","volume":"17","author":"SB Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee, S. B. et al. Association between triglyceride glucose index and arterial stiffness in Korean adults. Cardiovascular Diabetology 17(1), 41 (2018).","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Diabetology"},{"key":"21073_CR10","first-page":"388","volume":"12","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Risk factors for postoperative stone recurrence after cholecystolithotomy in Xinjiang Han nationality and Uygur nationality patients. Chin. Archives Gen. Surgery(Electronic Edition). 12, 388\u2013392 (2018).","journal-title":"Chin. Archives Gen. Surgery(Electronic Edition)"},{"key":"21073_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.03.005","volume":"65","author":"(EASL)","year":"2016","unstructured":"(EASL). EAftSotL, easloffice@easloffice.eu. Ea: EASL clinical practice guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gallstones. J. Hepatol. 65, 146\u2013181 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"21073_CR12","first-page":"73","volume":"39","author":"Digestion","year":"2019","unstructured":"Digestion & EBoCJo Gastroenterology cgohdocso: consensus on diagnosis and treatment of chronic cholecystitis and gallstones in China (2018). Chin. J. Digestion. 39, 73\u201379 (2019).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Digestion"},{"key":"21073_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08384-w","volume":"32","author":"KG Foley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foley, K. G. et al. Management and follow-up of gallbladder polyps: updated joint guidelines between the ESGAR, EAES, EFISDS and ESGE. Eur. Radiol. 32, 3358\u20133368 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"21073_CR14","first-page":"603","volume":"32","author":"H Hypertension RCoCGftPaTo, Alliance","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hypertension RCoCGftPaTo, Alliance, H., Care HBoCIEaPAfMaH, S., Care, H. B. C. G. & HBoCAoGaH, Association, C. S. National center for chronic and noncommunicable disease control and prevention CCfDCaP, Jiguang W: Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension (Revised 2024 Edition). Chin. J. Hypertens. 32, 603\u2013700 (2024).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"1","key":"21073_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15098-9","volume":"23","author":"R Bai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bai, R. et al. Gallbladder disease is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease among Uyghurs in Xinjiang: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public. Health 23(1), 242 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"21073_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.10.003","volume":"33","author":"K Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun, K. et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin. Nutr. 33, 596\u2013602 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"21073_CR17","first-page":"450","volume":"31","author":"CNBCN Care NaMMBoCIEaPAfMaH, Society","year":"2022","unstructured":"Care NaMMBoCIEaPAfMaH, Society, C. N. B. C. N., Society, C. D., Nutrition & CSfPaE Association ccncocmd: guidelines for medical nutrition treatment of overweight\/obesity in China (2021). Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 31, 450\u2013482 (2022).","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"21073_CR18","first-page":"311","volume":"37","author":"CD Society","year":"2021","unstructured":"Society, C. D. Guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China (2020 edition). Chin. J. Endocrinol. Metabolism. 37, 311\u2013398 (2021).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Endocrinol. Metabolism"},{"key":"21073_CR19","first-page":"237","volume":"38","author":"Management JCotCGfL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Management JCotCGfL Chinese guidelines for lipid management (2023). Chin. J. Cardiol. 38, 237\u2013271 (2023).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"21073_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020761","volume":"15","author":"K Imai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Imai, K., Keele, L. & Tingley, D. A general approach to causal mediation analysis. Psychol. Methods. 15, 309\u2013334 (2010).","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"21073_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12178","volume":"91","author":"FWB Sanders","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanders, F. W. B. & Griffin, J. L. De novolipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than just a shunting yard for glucose. Biol. Rev. 91, 452\u2013468 (2015).","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"21073_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2537","volume":"4","author":"L Eissing","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eissing, L. et al. De novo lipogenesis in human fat and liver is linked to ChREBP-\u03b2 and metabolic health. Nature Communications 4(1), 1528 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"21073_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30953","volume":"71","author":"T Matsuzaka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsuzaka, T. et al. Hepatocyte ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 determines ceramide Acyl-Chain length and hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice. Hepatology 71, 1609\u20131625 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"21073_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.08.001","volume":"32","author":"K Lyu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lyu, K. et al. A Membrane-Bound Diacylglycerol species induces PKC\u03f5-Mediated hepatic insulin resistance. Cell Metabol. 32, 654\u2013664e655 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Metabol."},{"key":"21073_CR25","first-page":"1368","volume":"14","author":"CD Society","year":"2022","unstructured":"Society, C. D. Expert consensus on insulin resistance (2022 edition). Chin. J. Diabetes. 14, 1368\u20131379 (2022).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Diabetes"},{"key":"21073_CR26","first-page":"742","volume":"45","author":"Y LiNa","year":"2019","unstructured":"LiNa, Y. & Yuan, C. Research progress in mechanism of inflammation and autophagy and their interaction in insulin resistance. J. Jilin Univ. (Medicine Edition). 45, 742\u2013746 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Jilin Univ. (Medicine Edition)"},{"issue":"15","key":"21073_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8253","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158253","volume":"22","author":"J-Y Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, J.-Y., Choi, Y., Leem, J. & Song, J. E. Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction by Cobalt Protoporphyrin Ameliorates Cholestatic Liver Disease in a Xenobiotic-Induced Murine Model. International J. Mol. Sciences 22(15), 8253 (2021).","journal-title":"International J. Mol. Sciences"},{"key":"21073_CR28","first-page":"775","volume":"50","author":"L Chun-yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chun-yan, L. et al. The association between TyG-index and the risk of gallstone disease: a multicenter study. Mod. Prev. Med. 50, 775\u2013780 (2023).","journal-title":"Mod. Prev. Med."},{"key":"21073_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351884","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1351884","volume":"12","author":"X Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng, X., Wu, S., Ke, B. & Liang, Y. Elevated TyG index associated with increased prevalence of gallstones in a United States cross-sectional study. Frontiers Public. Health 12, 1351884 (2024).","journal-title":"Frontiers Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"21073_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02194-x","volume":"23","author":"C Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu, C. et al. Association between triglyceride glucose index-related indices with gallstone disease among US adults. Lipids Health Disease 23(1), 203 (2024).","journal-title":"Lipids Health Disease"},{"key":"21073_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420999","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1420999","volume":"15","author":"Q Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao, Q., Chen, Y., Peng, Q. & Li, C. Relationship between triglyceride-glucose index and gallstones risk: a population-based study. Frontiers Endocrinology 15, 1420999 (2024).","journal-title":"Frontiers Endocrinology"},{"key":"21073_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00805-x","volume":"21","author":"SL Collins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Collins, S. L., Stine, J. G., Bisanz, J. E., Okafor, C. D. & Patterson, A. D. Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 21, 236\u2013247 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"21073_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00398-y","volume":"8","author":"JC Roa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roa, J. C. et al. Gallbladder cancer. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 8(1), 69 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"11","key":"21073_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112596","volume":"15","author":"Q Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang, Q. et al. Relationship of Gallbladder Diseases with Sociodemographic Characteristics, Lifestyle, and Chronic Diseases in Northeastern China. International J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 15(11), 2596 (2018).","journal-title":"International J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"21073_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50509-2","volume":"14","author":"SS Jackson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jackson, S. S., Graubard, B. I., Gabbi, C. & Koshiol, J. Association with menopausal hormone therapy and asymptomatic gallstones in US women in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Scientific Reports 14(1), 191 (2024).","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"21073_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2022.101010","volume":"66","author":"M Kundakovic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kundakovic, M. & Rocks, D. Sex hormone fluctuation and increased female risk for depression and anxiety disorders: From clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms. Frontiers Neuroendocrinology 66, 101010 (2022).","journal-title":"Frontiers Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"21073_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10312","DOI":"10.12677\/ACM.2022.12111487","volume":"12","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, Y. et al. Research advances in effects of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle on Neu-rological diseases. Adv. Clin. Med. 12, 10312\u201310317 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Med."},{"key":"21073_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80377-3","volume":"33","author":"DA A","year":"2000","unstructured":"A, D. A. & AF, G. Regulation and deregulation of cholangiocyte proliferation. J. Hepatol. 33, 333\u2013340 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"21073_CR39","first-page":"267","volume":"36","author":"L Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu, L. & Yuyou, J. Shushu l: research progress on the mechanism of action of sex hormones and their receptors in liver lipid metabolism. Chin. J. Endocrinol. Metabolism. 36, 267\u2013272 (2020).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Endocrinol. Metabolism"},{"key":"21073_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115985","volume":"220","author":"M Yu Cai Lim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Cai Lim, M. & Kiat Ho, H. Pharmacological modulation of cholesterol 7\u03b1-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) as a therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia. Biochemical Pharmacology 220, 115985 (2024).","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"21073_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2020.05.001","volume":"4","author":"JYL Chiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiang, J. Y. L. & Ferrell, J. M. Up to date on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis. Liver Res. 4, 47\u201363 (2020).","journal-title":"Liver Res."},{"key":"21073_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761255","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.761255","volume":"12","author":"Y Zu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zu, Y., Yang, J., Zhang, C. & Liu, D. The Pathological Mechanisms of Estrogen-Induced Cholestasis: Current Perspectives. Frontiers Pharmacology 12, 761255 (2021).","journal-title":"Frontiers Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"21073_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42179-5","volume":"14","author":"J Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao, J. et al. Bile acids-mediated intracellular cholesterol transport promotes intestinal cholesterol absorption and NPC1L1 recycling. Nature Communications 14(1), 6469 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"21073_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-6186","volume":"10","author":"Y Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song, Y. et al. Age, gender, geographic and clinical differences for gallstones in china: a nationwide study. Annals Translational Med. 10, 735\u2013735 (2022).","journal-title":"Annals Translational Med."},{"key":"21073_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1159\/000515545","volume":"37","author":"M Parra-Landazury Nela","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parra-Landazury Nela, M., Cordova-Gallardo, J. & M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez, N. Obesity and gallstones. Visc. Med. 37, 394\u2013402 (2021).","journal-title":"Visc. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"21073_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020546","volume":"22","author":"TM Barber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barber, T. M., Kyrou, I., Randeva, H. S. & Weickert, M. O. Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Obesity with Associated Metabolic Abnormalities and Cognitive Dysfunction. International J. Mol. Sciences 22(2), 546 (2021).","journal-title":"International J. Mol. Sciences"},{"key":"21073_CR47","first-page":"1164","volume":"34","author":"H Jia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jia, H. et al. Epidemiological study on overweight and obesity among rural adult residents in Hazakh, Uygur and Han populations in Xinjiang. Chin. J. Epidemiol. 34, 1164\u20131168 (2013).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-21073-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-21073-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-21073-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:02:53Z","timestamp":1763942573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-21073-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["21073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-21073-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board (IERB) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine (IERB no.: SHZ2010LL01). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"40680"}}