{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T19:58:38Z","timestamp":1784231918025,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007928","name":"Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.2024Z222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2024Z222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22785-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T13:22:14Z","timestamp":1762435334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Two-phase linear relationship and threshold effects between Vitamin E and Vitamin A levels in children aged 0-10.8 years: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jishan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changshui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"22785_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.015","volume":"41","author":"MM Berger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berger, M. M. et al. ESPEN micronutrient guideline. Clin. Nutr. 41 (6), 1357\u20131424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.015 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"22785_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-023-00520-1","volume":"75","author":"M Joshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joshi, M. et al. Modulatory role of vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E on skin health, immunity, microbiome, and diseases. Pharmacol. Rep. 75 (5), 1096\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-023-00520-1 (2023).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"22785_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lewis, E., Meydani, S. & Wu, D. Regulatory role of vitamin E in the immune system and inflammation. IUBMB Life. 71 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iub.1976 (2018).","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1976"},{"key":"22785_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yee, M., Chin, K., Ima-Nirwana, S. & Wong, S. Vitamin A and bone health: A review on current evidence. Molecules 26 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26061757 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26061757"},{"key":"22785_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1315115","author":"Q Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan, Q., Zhu, Q., Jiang, C., Zhang, L. & Xu, X. Prediction values of fat-soluble vitamin of growth retardation in children aged 1\u20136 years. Front. Pead. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1315115 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Pead."},{"key":"22785_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651103200206","author":"D Dror","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dror, D. & Allen, L. Vitamin E deficiency in developing countries. FoodNutr. Bull. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/156482651103200206 (2011).","journal-title":"FoodNutr. Bull."},{"key":"22785_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2020.10.029","author":"S Sherf-Dagan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sherf-Dagan, S., Buch, A., Ben-Porat, T., Sakran, N. & Sinai, T. Vitamin E status among bariatric surgery patients: a systematic review. Surg. Obes. Relat. Diseases: Official J. Am. Soc. Bariatr. Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soard.2020.10.029 (2020).","journal-title":"Surg. Obes. Relat. Diseases: Official J. Am. Soc. Bariatr. Surg."},{"key":"22785_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11090421","author":"Y Shastak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shastak, Y. & Pelletier, W. Review of liquid vitamin A and E formulations in veterinary and livestock production: applications and perspectives. Veterinary Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci11090421 (2024).","journal-title":"Veterinary Sci."},{"key":"22785_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1186336","author":"G Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, G., Weiskirchen, S. & Weiskirchen, R. Vitamin A: too good to be bad? Front. Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1186336 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"22785_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2016.1160362","author":"E Wiseman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wiseman, E., Dadon, B. & Reifen, R. The vicious cycle of vitamin a deficiency: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2016.1160362 (2017).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"22785_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050634","author":"A Ungurianu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ungurianu, A., Zanfirescu, A., Nitulescu, G. & Margin\u0103, D. Vitamin E beyond its antioxidant label. Antioxidants https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10050634 (2021).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"22785_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1281879","author":"W Talib","year":"2024","unstructured":"Talib, W. et al. Role of vitamins A, C, D, E in cancer prevention and therapy: therapeutic potentials and mechanisms of action. Front. Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1281879 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"22785_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665121000902","author":"N Lowe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lowe, N. The global challenge of hidden hunger: perspectives from the field. Proc. Nutr. Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0029665121000902 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"22785_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283127","author":"A Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui, A. et al. Associations between vitamin E status and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8\u201319 years: evidence based on NHANES 2005\u20132006, 2017\u20132018. PLOS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0283127 (2023).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"22785_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13111383","author":"E Meacci","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meacci, E., Chirco, A. & Garcia-Gil, M. Potential vitamin E signaling mediators in skeletal muscle. Antioxidants https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13111383 (2024).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"22785_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122519","author":"W Grant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grant, W. & Boucher, B. An exploration of how solar radiation affects the seasonal variation of human mortality rates and the seasonal variation in some other common disorders. Nutrients https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14122519 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"22785_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235189","author":"T Khanna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khanna, T. et al. Comprehensive analysis of seasonal and geographical variation in UVB radiation relevant for vitamin D production in Europe. Nutrients https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14235189 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"22785_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112653","author":"X Bi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bi, X., Forde, C., Goh, A. & Henry, C. Basal metabolic rate and body composition predict habitual food and macronutrient intakes: gender differences. Nutrients https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11112653 (2019).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"22785_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030408","author":"K Szewczyk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Szewczyk, K., Bry\u015b, J., Brzezi\u0144ska, R. & G\u00f3rnicka, M. Nutritional status of vitamin E and its association with metabolic health in adults. Nutrients https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17030408 (2025).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"22785_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.04.007","author":"X Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"X. Guo et al. Association between ApoE status, Circulating vitamin A and vitamin E levels with dyslipidemia in aging Chinese adults. Arch. Med. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.04.007 (2021).","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"22785_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1048615","author":"G Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, G., Wang, N., Liu, H., Si, L. & Zhao, Y. The association between umbilical cord blood fat-soluble vitamin concentrations and infant birth weight. Front. Endocrinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1048615 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"22785_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-082018-124228","author":"W Blaner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blaner, W., Shmarakov, I. & Traber, M. Vitamin A and vitamin E: will the real antioxidant please stand up? Annu. Rev. Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-nutr-082018-124228 (2021).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"22785_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12792","author":"A Adly","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adly, A. et al. A 6-month randomized controlled trial for vitamin E supplementation in pediatric patients with gaucher disease: effect on oxidative stress, disease severity and hepatic complications. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jimd.12792 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"22785_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020242","author":"E B\u00f6sch","year":"2025","unstructured":"B\u00f6sch, E., Sp\u00f6rri, J. & Scherr, J. Vitamin metabolism and its dependency on genetic variations among healthy adults: A systematic review for precision nutrition strategies. Nutrients https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17020242 (2025).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"22785_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liao, S. et al. Vitamin E and metabolic health: relevance of interactions with other micronutrients. Antioxidants https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11091785 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091785"},{"key":"22785_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05315-4_4","author":"S Flory","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flory, S., Birringer, M. & Frank, J. Bioavailability and metabolism of vitamin E. Vitam. E Hum. Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-05315-4_4 (2019).","journal-title":"Vitam. E Hum. Health"},{"key":"22785_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001726","author":"E Scorletti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scorletti, E. et al. Dietary vitamin E intake is associated with a reduced risk of developing digestive diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001726 (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"22785_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.586815","author":"M Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg, M. et al. Vitamins in cereals: A critical review of Content, health Effects, processing Losses, Bioaccessibility, Fortification, and biofortification strategies for their improvement. Front. Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.586815 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"22785_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa298","volume":"113","author":"MG Traber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Traber, M. G. et al. Vitamin E catabolism in women, as modulated by food and by fat, studied using 2 deuterium-labeled \u03b1-tocopherols in a 3-phase, nonrandomized crossover study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 113 (1), 92\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa298 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"22785_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.112143","author":"L Catelli Rocha Torres","year":"2022","unstructured":"Catelli Rocha Torres, L., Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori, A., de Souza Silva, A. P. & Matias de Alencar, S. Bioaccessibility and uptake\/epithelial transport of vitamin E: discoveries and challenges of in vitro and ex vivo assays. Food Res. Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.112143 (2022).","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"22785_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.25074","author":"Q Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye, Q., Zhong, Q., Huang, G. & Zhang, W. Establishment of reference range for serum concentration of vitamin A and vitamin E in Southern Sichuan area of China. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.25074 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-22785-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-22785-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-22785-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T13:22:15Z","timestamp":1762435335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-22785-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["22785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-22785-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6707714\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study is part of a research project approved by the Ningbo University Ethics Committee. (Approval Code: NBU-2024-096). All procedures involving human participants adhered to the ethical guidelines established by the institutional and\/or national research committee, as well as the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions or analogous ethical frameworks. Additionally, the parents or legal guardians of all study participants provided written informed consent prior to their involvement in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"38851"}}