{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:17:42Z","timestamp":1785363462487,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22965-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T18:07:14Z","timestamp":1762884434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of Psidium guajava L. leaf extract in ketoconazole shampoo"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fuad","family":"Al-Rimawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamada","family":"Imtara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jehad","family":"Abbadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Sawalha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Atiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Mudalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Mauriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"22965_CR1","first-page":"11","volume":"6","author":"TA Shostak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shostak, T. A., Bilous, S. B., Dilai, N. V. & Kalyniuk, T. H. Argumentation of the composition of new semi-solid medicinal preparation on the basis of complex soft extract of hypericum and calendula flowers. Pharma Innov. 6 (5), 11\u201314 (2017).","journal-title":"Pharma Innov."},{"issue":"4","key":"22965_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21517","DOI":"10.17795\/jjnpp-21517","volume":"10","author":"M Sahraie-Rad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sahraie-Rad, M., Izadyari, A., Rakizadeh, S. & Sharifi-Rad, J. Preparation of strong antidandruff shampoo using medicinal plant extracts: a clinical trial and chronic dandruff treatment. Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod. 10 (4), e21517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17795\/jjnpp-21517 (2015).","journal-title":"Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"22965_CR3","first-page":"209","volume":"17","author":"E Czerwi\u0144ska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Czerwi\u0144ska, E. & Szparaga, A. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of plant extracts. Rocznik Ochrona \u015arodowiska. 17 (1), 209\u2013229 (2015).","journal-title":"Rocznik Ochrona \u015arodowiska"},{"issue":"5","key":"22965_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2024.102014","volume":"32","author":"F Al-Rimawi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Rimawi, F., Sbeih, M., Amayreh, M., Rahhal, B. & Mudalal, S. Evaluation of the effectiveness of natural extract as a substituent for synthetic preservatives and antioxidants in pharmaceutical preparations. Saudi Pharm. J. 32 (5), 102014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsps.2024.102014 (2024).","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"22965_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Rimawi, F., Sbeih, M., Amayreh, M., Rahhal, B. & Mudalal, S. Evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal properties of oleuropein, Olea Europaea leaf extract, and thymus vulgaris oil. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 24, 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-024-04596-x (2024).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04596-x"},{"key":"22965_CR6","unstructured":"Hubert, A. & Dorota, K. Food preservatives from plants. In  IntechOpen (2024).  https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/56355."},{"issue":"1","key":"22965_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.93564","volume":"3","author":"D Jambaninj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jambaninj, D. et al. Technological study of Preparing gel from semi-solid extract of Cacalia hastata L. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res. 3 (1), 25\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2231-4040.93564 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"22965_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.2174\/1574886317666220919121532","volume":"18","author":"M Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar, M., Chopra, S., Mandal, U. K. & Bhatia, A. Preservatives in pharmaceuticals: are they really safe? Curr. Drug Saf. 18 (4), 440\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1574886317666220919121532 (2023).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"5","key":"22965_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.1418","volume":"87","author":"C Lid\u00e9n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lid\u00e9n, C., Andersson, N. & White, I. R. Preservatives in non-cosmetic products: increasing human exposure requires action for protection of health. Contact Dermat. 87 (5), 389\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.1418 (2022).","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"22965_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boukhira, S. et al. The chemical composition and the preservative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects of thymus broussonetii Boiss. Essential oil: an in vitro and in Silico approach. Front. Chem. 2024, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fchem.2024.1402310 (2024).","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1402310"},{"key":"22965_CR11","unstructured":"Preparation of strong. antidandruff shampoo using medicinal plant extracts: a clinical trial and chronic dandruff treatment. Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod.  (2024).  https:\/\/brieflands.com\/articles\/jjnpp-18404."},{"issue":"13","key":"22965_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4793","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16134793","volume":"16","author":"P Rathee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rathee, P. et al. Polyphenols: natural preservatives with promising applications in food, cosmetics and pharma industries; problems and toxicity associated with synthetic preservatives; impact of misleading advertisements; recent trends in preservation and legislation. Materials 16 (13), 4793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma16134793 (2023).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"22965_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barberis, S., Quiroga, H. G., Barcia, C., Talia, J. M. & Debattista, N. Chapter 20 - Natural food preservatives against microorganisms. In  Food Safety and Preservation (eds. Grumezescu, A. M. & Holban, A. M.)   621\u2013658 (Academic, 2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814956-0.00020-2"},{"issue":"7","key":"22965_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2021.2023819","volume":"39","author":"LN Takeda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takeda, L. N. et al. Psidium Guajava L.: a systematic review of the multifaceted health benefits and economic importance. Food Rev. Int. 39 (7), 4333\u20134363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/87559129.2021.2023819 (2022).","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"22965_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists. Nature 183 (4672), 1366\u20131367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/1831366e0 (1959).","DOI":"10.1038\/1831366e0"},{"issue":"1","key":"22965_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.22377\/ijgp.v2i1.386","volume":"2","author":"JV Kamath","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kamath, J. V., Rahul, N., Kumar, C. K. A. & Lakshmi, S. M. Psidium Guajava L: a review. Int. J. Green. Pharm. 2 (1), 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22377\/ijgp.v2i1.386 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Green. Pharm."},{"key":"22965_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Montiel, D., Guerrero-Barrera, A. L., Ch\u00e1vez-Vela, N. A., Avelar-Gonzalez, F. J. & Ornelas-Garc\u00eda, I. G. Psidium Guajava L.: from byproduct and use in traditional Mexican medicine to antimicrobial agent. Front. Nutr. 2023, 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1108306 (2023).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1108306"},{"issue":"8","key":"22965_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67532","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.67532","volume":"16","author":"BE Tynes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tynes, B. E. et al. Ketoconazole shampoo for seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp: a narrative review. Cureus 16 (8), e67532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.67532 (2024).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"22965_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.116089","volume":"303","author":"C Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, C., Li, X., Kano, Y., Yuan, D. & Qu, J. Oriental traditional herbal medicine\u2014Puerariae flos: a systematic review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 303, 116089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2022.116089 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"22965_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2011.09.029","volume":"109","author":"S Rodr\u00edguez-Rojo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rojo, S., Visentin, A., Maestri, D. & Cocero, M. J. Assisted extraction of Rosemary antioxidants with green solvents. J. Food Eng. 109 (1), 98\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2011.09.029 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"22965_CR21","first-page":"29","volume":"5","author":"G Oshadie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oshadie, G. et al. Extraction methods, qualitative and quantitative techniques for screening of phytochemicals from plants. Am. J. Essent. Oil Nat. Prod. 5 (2), 29\u201332 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Essent. Oil Nat. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"22965_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.31357\/ait.v2i1.5444","volume":"2","author":"S Kokilananthan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kokilananthan, S., Bulugahapitiya, V., Manawadu, H. & Gangabadage, C. S. Effect of extraction techniques on phytochemicals and antioxidants activity of garcinia quaesita leaves. Advan. Technol. 2 (1), 18\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31357\/ait.v2i1.5444 (2022).","journal-title":"Advan. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"22965_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.20959\/wjpr20195-14624","volume":"8","author":"G Ramya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramya, G., Vasanth, P., Prasad, P. & Sarath Babu, V. Qualitative phytochemical screening tests of Alpinia. World J. Pharm. Res. 8 (5), 1064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20959\/wjpr20195-14624 (2019).","journal-title":"World J. Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"22965_CR24","first-page":"136","volume":"8","author":"N Sammar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sammar, N., Fatima, A., Fatima, R., Ijaz, N. & Lubaina, L. Phytochemical study of acetone solvent extract of coriander sativum. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 8 (6), 136\u2013140 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"22965_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.1985.30.3.119","volume":"30","author":"J Wouters","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wouters, J. High performance liquid chromatography of anthraquinones: analysis of plant and insect extracts and dyed textiles. Stud. Conserv. 30 (3), 119\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/sic.1985.30.3.119 (1985).","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"22965_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.12.001","volume":"292","author":"I Staub","year":"2005","unstructured":"Staub, I., Schapoval, E. E. S. & Bergold, A. M. Microbiological assay of ketoconazole in shampoo. Int. J. Pharm. 292 (1\u20132), 195\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.12.001 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"22965_CR27","first-page":"387","volume":"23","author":"I Staub","year":"2004","unstructured":"Staub, I. & Bergold, A. M. Determination of ketoconazole in shampoo by high performance liquid chromatography. Acta Farm. Bonaerense. 23 (3), 387\u2013390 (2004).","journal-title":"Acta Farm. Bonaerense"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"22965_CR28","first-page":"129","volume":"33","author":"AM Agiba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agiba, A. M., Abdallah, M. S., Shaldam, M. A. & Abdallah, M. A. Development & optimization of anti-dandruff shampoo by modifying its rheological behavior. J. Appl. Cosmetol. 33 (3\/4), 129 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cosmetol"},{"key":"22965_CR29","unstructured":"Umar, A. & Mali, R. Evaluation of prepared shampoo formulations and to compare formulated shampoo with marketed shampoos. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 3, 1  (2010)."},{"issue":"12","key":"22965_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.12.4553-4558.1994","volume":"60","author":"JK Farrington","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farrington, J. K. et al. Ability of laboratory methods to predict in-use efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in an experimental cosmetic. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60 (12), 4553\u20134558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.60.12.4553-4558.1994 (1994).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"22965_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahourya, Y., Naseefa, H., Farraj, M., Qurt, M. & El Khairy, L. Antimicrobial activity of oleuropine and thyme extracts against selected pathogenic microorganisms and their potential uses as natural preservatives. Int. J. Pharm. Res. 2020, 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31838\/ijpr\/2021.13.01.178 (2020).","DOI":"10.31838\/ijpr\/2021.13.01.178"},{"key":"22965_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noor, R., Zerin, N., Das, K. K. & Nitu, L. N. Safe usage of cosmetics in bangladesh: a quality perspective based on Microbiological attributes. J. Biol. Res-Thessalon. 22, 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40709-015-0033-4 (2015).","DOI":"10.1186\/s40709-015-0033-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"22965_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.30118","volume":"12","author":"N Atik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Atik, N., Muda, I., Rahmadi, A. R., Achadiyani, A. & Djunaedi, D. D. Phytochemical screening and histology appearance of acute oral toxicity study on ethanol extract of psidium Guajava Linn. Fruit in mice. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 12 (1), 351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22159\/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.30118 (2019).","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res."},{"key":"22965_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.09.030","volume":"162","author":"AE Sherif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sherif, A. E. et al. Psidium Guajava L.: chemical composition and protective effects of a leaf extract against ethanol-induced cardiotoxicity. S Afr. J. Bot. 162, 334\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.09.030 (2023).","journal-title":"S Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"22965_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mendes-Pereira, F. et al. Advances in guava propagation. Rev. Bras. Frutic 2016,  39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0100-29452017358 (2016).","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-29452017358"},{"key":"22965_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2893","volume":"21","author":"PA Millones-G\u00f3mez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Millones-G\u00f3mez, P. A. et al. Antimicrobial activity and antiadherent effect of Peruvian psidium Guajava (guava) leaves on a cariogenic biofilm model. J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. 21, 733\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2893 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pract."},{"issue":"23","key":"22965_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.66939","volume":"6","author":"AM Metwally","year":"2010","unstructured":"Metwally, A. M., Omar, A. A., Harraz, F. M. & El Sohafy, S. M. Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of psidium Guajava L. leaves. Pharmacogn. Mag.. 6 (23), 212\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0973-1296.66939 (2010).","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"key":"22965_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-021-01194-9","volume":"11","author":"NS Sampath Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sampath Kumar, N. S. et al. Extraction of bioactive compounds from psidium Guajava leaves and its utilization in Preparation of jellies. AMB Express. 11, 36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-021-01194-9 (2021).","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"22965_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s41702-020-0057-8","volume":"4","author":"J Bae","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bae, J., Kim, N., Shin, Y., Kim, S. Y. & Kim, J. Activity of catechins and their applications. Biomed. Dermatol. 4, 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41702-020-0057-8 (2020).","journal-title":"Biomed. Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"22965_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.80776","volume":"3","author":"A Dhiman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dhiman, A., Nanda, A., Ahmad, S. & Narasimhan, B. In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extract of psidium Guajava L. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 3 (2), 226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0975-7406.80776 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"22965_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.3390\/su15043189","volume":"15","author":"YG Godeto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Godeto, Y. G. et al. Sustainable use of extracts of some plants growing in Ethiopia for the formulation of herbal shampoo and its antimicrobial evaluation. Sustainability 15 (4), 3189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15043189 (2023).","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"22965_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103807","volume":"138","author":"JR Hirudkar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hirudkar, J. R. et al. Quercetin, a major biomarker of psidium Guajava L., inhibits SepA protease activity of Shigella flexneri in treatment of infectious diarrhoea. Microb. Pathog. 138, 103807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103807 (2019).","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"22965_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bfopcu.2016.06.003","volume":"54","author":"FM Soliman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soliman, F. M., Fathy, M. M., Salama, M. M. & Saber, F. R. Comparative study of the volatile oil content and antimicrobial activity of psidium Guajava L. and psidium cattleianum Sabine leaves. Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ. 54 (2), 219\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bfopcu.2016.06.003 (2016).","journal-title":"Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ."},{"key":"22965_CR44","unstructured":"Das, M. & Goswami, S. Antifungal and antibacterial property of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract: role of phytochemicals. Int. J. Health Sci. 9, 2  (2019)."},{"key":"22965_CR45","unstructured":"Shukla, R., Pandey, V., Golhani, D., Shukla, A. & Rai, K. Herbal shampoo of Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) MILL from ethanol extract of leaves. Invent. Rapid Cosmeceut. 4, 256 (2015)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-22965-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-22965-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-22965-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T18:07:17Z","timestamp":1762884437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-22965-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["22965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-22965-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The current dataset does not meet the regulatory definition of human subject research. As such, an Institutional Review Board (IRB) review is not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"39460"}}