{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:51:12Z","timestamp":1793407872858,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2413900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2413900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission","award":["2025KY092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KY092"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang TCM Science and Technology Project","award":["2025ZR027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZR027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-23027-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T18:19:47Z","timestamp":1762885187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Locoregional therapy combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huafeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray, F. et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J. Clin. 74 (3), 229\u2013263 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"6","key":"23027_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021","volume":"77","author":"H Rumgay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rumgay, H. et al. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J. Hepatol. 77 (6), 1598\u20131606 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"23027_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.05.009","volume":"20","author":"ZM Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. M. et al. The strategies for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus. Int. J. Surg. 20, 8\u201316 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12470","volume":"29","author":"HW Kwak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kwak, H. W. et al. Clinical outcomes of a cohort series of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B virus-endemic area. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 29 (4), 820\u2013829 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"11","key":"23027_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18296","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15433","volume":"8","author":"JH Zhong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhong, J. H. et al. Tumor stage and primary treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma at a large tertiary hospital in China: A real-world study. Oncotarget 8 (11), 18296\u201318302 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199808000-00014","volume":"21","author":"A Pawarode","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pawarode, A. et al. Natural history of untreated primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 157 patients. Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 21 (4), 386\u2013391 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.018","volume":"76","author":"M Reig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reig, M. et al. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J. Hepatol. 76 (3), 681\u2013693 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"23027_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-14-84","volume":"14","author":"T Nakazawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakazawa, T. et al. Overall survival in response to Sorafenib versus radiotherapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with major portal vein tumor thrombosis: propensity score analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 14, 84 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-018-3638-0","volume":"82","author":"JH Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi, J. H. et al. Randomized, prospective, comparative study on the effects and safety of Sorafenib vs. hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 82 (3), 469\u2013478 (2018).","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"23027_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.211545","volume":"303","author":"K Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng, K. et al. Sorafenib plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus Sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma with major portal vein tumor thrombosis: A randomized trial. Radiology 303 (2), 455\u2013464 (2022).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"23027_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13592","volume":"51","author":"M Chuma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chuma, M. et al. Analysis of efficacy of lenvatinib treatment in highly advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the main trunk of the portal vein or tumor with more than 50% liver occupation: A multicenter analysis. Hepatol. Research: Official J. Japan Soc. Hepatol. 51 (2), 201\u2013215 (2021).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Research: Official J. Japan Soc. Hepatol."},{"issue":"20","key":"23027_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915745","volume":"382","author":"RS Finn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Finn, R. S. et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 382 (20), 1894\u20131905 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.030","volume":"76","author":"AL Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, A. L. et al. Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 76 (4), 862\u2013873 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"23027_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00252-7","volume":"22","author":"Z Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren, Z. et al. Sintilimab plus a bevacizumab biosimilar (IBI305) versus Sorafenib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (ORIENT-32): a randomised, open-label, phase 2\u20133 study. Lancet Oncol. 22 (7), 977\u2013990 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"10408","key":"23027_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00961-3","volume":"402","author":"S Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin, S. et al. Camrelizumab plus Rivoceranib versus Sorafenib as first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CARES-310): a randomised, open-label, international phase 3 study. Lancet (London England). 402 (10408), 1133\u20131146 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2571","volume":"27","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, J. et al. Camrelizumab in combination with apatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (RESCUE): A nonrandomized, open-label, phase II trial. Clin. Cancer Res. 27 (4), 1003\u20131011 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"23027_CR17","first-page":"655","volume":"13","author":"RS Finn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Finn, R. S. et al. Efficacy and safety of Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus Sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma with main trunk and\/or contralateral portal vein invasion in IMbrave150. Liver Cancer. 13 (6), 655\u2013668 (2024).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.17998\/jlc.2023.12.25","volume":"24","author":"J Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park, J. et al. Comparison of Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. J. Liver Cancer. 24 (1), 81\u201391 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR19","first-page":"1854","volume":"38","author":"A Kuwano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuwano, A. et al. Similar efficacy between Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: A retrospective cohort study. Vivo (Athens Greece). 38 (4), 1854\u20131858 (2024).","journal-title":"Vivo (Athens Greece)"},{"key":"23027_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. The Treatment Outcomes of Patients who Failed to be Randomly Assigned After Atezo\/Bev Induction Therapy in the Chinese TALENTop Study (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2024).","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.e16183"},{"key":"23027_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ou, X. et al. Efficacy of Lenvatinib Combined with Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Plus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study (Cancer Research and Treatment, 2024).","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2023.1165"},{"key":"23027_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S432542","volume":"10","author":"G Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, G. et al. Effectiveness and safety of the PD-1 inhibitor lenvatinib plus radiotherapy in patients with HCC with main PVTT: Real-World data from a tertiary centre. J. Hepatocell Carcinoma. 10, 2037\u20132048 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"issue":"6","key":"23027_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2023.06.229","volume":"22","author":"LW Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, L. W. et al. Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib, programmed death-1 inhibitor, and iodine-125 seed brachytherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. Brachytherapy 22 (6), 858\u2013871 (2023).","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"23027_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S428980","volume":"10","author":"SQ Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, S. Q. et al. Transarterial chemoembolization plus lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma with main trunk portal vein tumor thrombus: A multicenter retrospective study. J. Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 10, 1799\u20131811 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatocellular Carcinoma"},{"key":"23027_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954203","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.954203","volume":"12","author":"JK Feng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng, J. K. et al. Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization plus antiangiogenic- targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus in the real world. Front. Oncol. 12, 954203 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"16","key":"23027_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16805","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6302","volume":"12","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. A multicenter prospective study of TACE combined with lenvatinib and camrelizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus. Cancer Med. 12 (16), 16805\u201316814 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-023-01976-x","volume":"58","author":"Y Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu, Y. et al. Induction therapy with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy enhances the efficacy of lenvatinib and pd1 inhibitors in treating hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis. J. Gastroenterol. 58 (4), 413\u2013424 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"23027_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S417550","volume":"10","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, S. et al. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus Lenvatinib and Tislelizumab with or without transhepatic arterial embolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and high tumor burden: A multicenter retrospective study. J. Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 10, 1209\u20131222 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatocellular Carcinoma"},{"issue":"20","key":"23027_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2592","volume":"29","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu, Y. et al. Efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with camrelizumab and apatinib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus. Clin. Cancer Research: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Res. 29 (20), 4088\u20134097 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Research: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"23027_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i8.843","volume":"30","author":"HX Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, H. X. et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with PD-1 inhibitors and lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus. World J. Gastroenterol. 30 (8), 843\u2013854 (2024).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"23027_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Z. et al. A Real-World Study of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Plus Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy With or Without Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Main Portal Vein Invasion (Abdominal Radiology (New York), 2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04490-7"},{"issue":"8","key":"23027_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-7037","volume":"9","author":"D Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie, D. et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitor plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in the real world. Ann. Transl Med. 9 (8), 652 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Transl Med."},{"key":"23027_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, H. et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitor plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor with or without transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Front. Oncol. 15 (2025).","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1385304"},{"key":"23027_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, M. et al. Transarterial chemoembolization combined with Lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitor for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study. Front. Immunol. 13 ( 2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.848387"},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63571-1","volume":"14","author":"Z Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding, Z. et al. The impact of PD-1 inhibitors on prognosis in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with TACE and lenvatinib: a retrospective study. Sci. Rep. 14 (1), 14334 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"23027_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30178-5","volume":"4","author":"J Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu, J. et al. Management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumour thrombosis: comparing East and West. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4 (9), 721\u2013730 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"23027_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J. Hepatol., 82(2), 315\u2013374 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.08.028"},{"key":"23027_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-8-16","volume":"8","author":"JF Tierney","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tierney, J. F. et al. Practical methods for incorporating summary time-to-event data into meta-analysis. Trials 8, 16 (2007).","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"23027_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086095","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1086095","volume":"12","author":"ZH Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. H. et al. Combined iodine-125 seed strand, portal vein stent, transarterial chemoembolization, lenvatinib and anti-PD-1 antibodies therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and Vp4 portal vein tumor thrombus: A propensity-score analysis. Front. Oncol. 12, 1086095 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"23027_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00581","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000581","volume":"14","author":"WL Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia, W. L. et al. Transarterial chemoembolization combined with apatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: A multicenter retrospective study. Clin. Transl Gastroenterol. 14 (5), e00581 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"6","key":"23027_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-024-03724-x","volume":"47","author":"JX Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, J. X. et al. Transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus immune checkpoint inhibitors versus tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with first- or lower-order portal vein tumor thrombosis. Cardiovasc. Intervent Radiol. 47 (6), 751\u2013761 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Intervent Radiol."},{"key":"23027_CR42","unstructured":"Mei, J. H. et al. TACE Combined with Immunotherapy Plus Targeted Therapy After 125 I Irradiation Stent Placement in HCC with Main Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis (PATENCY II)."},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10672-8","volume":"18","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy combined with camrelizumab plus Rivoceranib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: a multicenter propensity score-matching analysis. Hepatol. Int. 18 (4), 1286\u20131298 (2024).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10762-7","volume":"19","author":"S Tang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tang, S. et al. HAIC plus Lenvatinib and Tislelizumab for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with Vp4 portal vein invasion. Hepatol. Int. 19 (1), 106\u2013117 (2025).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"23027_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254158","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1254158","volume":"14","author":"C Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang, C. et al. Portal vein tumour thrombosis radiotherapy improves the treatment outcomes of immunotherapy plus bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre real-world analysis with propensity score matching. Front. Immunol. 14, 1254158 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"20","key":"23027_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2592","volume":"29","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu, Y. et al. Efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with camrelizumab and apatinib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus. Clin. Cancer Res. 29 (20), 4088\u20134097 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"23027_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, J. et al. Radiotherapy with targeted and immunotherapy improved overall survival and progression-free survival for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. Oncologist 30(2) (2025).","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae209"},{"issue":"10474","key":"23027_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02551-0","volume":"405","author":"B Sangro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sangro, B. et al. Durvalumab with or without bevacizumab with transarterial chemoembolisation in hepatocellular carcinoma (EMERALD-1): a multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet 405 (10474), 216\u2013232 (2025).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10474","key":"23027_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02575-3","volume":"405","author":"M Kudo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kudo, M. et al. Transarterial chemoembolisation combined with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus dual placebo for unresectable, non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (LEAP-012): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study. Lancet 405 (10474), 203\u2013215 (2025).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"23027_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10101058","volume":"258","author":"GE Chung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chung, G. E. et al. Transarterial chemoembolization can be safely performed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma invading the main portal vein and may improve the overall survival. Radiology 258 (2), 627\u2013634 (2011).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"23027_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671171","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.671171","volume":"11","author":"JH Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, J. H. et al. Development of a prognostic scoring system for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with main portal vein tumor thrombus undergoing conventional transarterial chemoembolization: an analysis of 173 patients. Front. Oncol. 11, 671171 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-023-00581-8","volume":"23","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Safety, efficacy, and survival of drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization vs. conventional-transarterial chemoembolization in advanced HCC patients with main portal vein tumor thrombus. Cancer Imaging: Official Publication Int. Cancer Imaging Soc. 23 (1), 70 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging: Official Publication Int. Cancer Imaging Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v15.i3.447","volume":"15","author":"WF Sui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sui, W. F., Li, J. Y. & Fu, J. H. Transarterial chemoembolization plus stent placement for hepatocellular carcinoma with main portal vein tumor thrombosis: A meta-analysis. World J. Clin. Oncol. 15 (3), 447\u2013455 (2024).","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"23027_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11315","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5841","volume":"12","author":"X Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou, X. et al. Correlation and efficacy of TACE combined with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus based on immunological features. Cancer Med. 12 (10), 11315\u201311333 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"23027_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03511-6","volume":"72","author":"W Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, W. et al. Transarterial interventional therapy combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without anti-PD-1 antibodies as initial treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with major portal vein tumor thrombosis: a single-center retrospective study. Cancer Immunol. Immunotherapy: CII. 72 (11), 3609\u20133619 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunotherapy: CII"},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02449-6","volume":"40","author":"X Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou, X. et al. Evaluating the benefits of TACE combined with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitor for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus. Adv. Ther. 40 (4), 1686\u20131704 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"23027_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korean Liver Cancer Association\u2013National Cancer Center Korea. KLCA-NCC Korea Practice Guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Liver Cancer 23(1), 1-120 (2023).","DOI":"10.17998\/jlc.2022.11.07"},{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000514174","volume":"10","author":"M Kudo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kudo, M. et al. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: JSH consensus statements and recommendations 2021 update. Liver Cancer. 10 (3), 181\u2013223 (2021).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000503685","volume":"9","author":"S Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng, S. et al. Chinese expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus (2018 edition). Liver Cancer. 9 (1), 28\u201340 (2020).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"23027_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.07.005","volume":"174","author":"Z Lai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lai, Z. et al. Lenvatinib, Toripalimab plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with high-risk advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A biomolecular exploratory, phase II trial. Eur. J. Cancer. 174, 68\u201377 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"23027_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, D. et al. Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy (HAIC) Combined with Sintilimab and Bevacizumab Biosimilar (IBI305) for Initial Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Prospective, Single-Arm Phase II Trial (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2022).","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.4073"},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01663-6","volume":"8","author":"TQ Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, T. Q. et al. Camrelizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) plus apatinib (an VEGFR-2 inhibitor) and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage C (TRIPLET): a phase II study. Signal. Transduct. Target. Therapy. 8 (1), 413 (2023).","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Therapy"},{"key":"23027_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Camrelizumab Combined with Lenvatinib and RALOX-HAIC for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in BCLC Stage B and C: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial (Cal Era Study) (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2023).","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.e16128"},{"key":"23027_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103217","volume":"83","author":"W Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao, W. et al. Donafenib and sintilimab combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective, single-arm phase II trial (DoHAICs study). EClinicalMedicine 83, 103217 (2025).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"23027_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, Q. et al. Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy Combined with Donafenib and Camrelizumab in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Prospective, Single-Arm Study (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2023).","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.e16134"},{"key":"23027_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, L. et al. Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy (HAIC) Combined with Tislelizumab and Lenvatinib for Initial Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Prospective, Single-Arm Phase II Trial (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2024).","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.4103"},{"key":"23027_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, M. et al. Apatinib and Camrelizumab Plus Hepatic Arterial Infusion with Oxaliplatin and 5-Fluorouracil vs. Apatinib and Camrelizumab as the First-Line Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Randomized Multi-Center Clinical Trial (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2024).","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.TPS4194"},{"key":"23027_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, J. et al. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil versus transarterial chemoembolization\/embolization for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with major portal vein tumor thrombosis. Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol. 43(7). (2020).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02406-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880-017-0251-2","volume":"36","author":"MK He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He, M. K. et al. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy using mFOLFOX versus transarterial chemoembolization for massive unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective non-randomized study. Chin. J. Cancer. 36 (1), 83 (2017).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"23027_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00608","volume":"40","author":"QJ Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, Q. J. et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin versus transarterial chemoembolization for large hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized phase III trial. J. Clin. Oncology: Official J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 40 (2), 150\u2013160 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncology: Official J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"23027_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010824","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1010824","volume":"10","author":"T Si","year":"2022","unstructured":"Si, T. et al. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 10, 1010824 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"23027_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S431917","volume":"10","author":"B Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, B. et al. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus Anti-PD-1 antibodies with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy or transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatocell Carcinoma. 10, 1735\u20131748 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-14185-x","volume":"25","author":"W Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng, W. et al. The safety and efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and programmed cell death protein- 1 inhibitors combined with HAIC\/TACE in the treatment of recurrent unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 25 (1), 779 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"23027_CR74","first-page":"5455","volume":"13","author":"Z Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, Z. et al. Clinical efficacy of HAIC (FOLFOX) combined with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors vs. TACE combined with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and arterioportal fistulas. Am. J. Cancer Res. 13 (11), 5455\u20135465 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"23027_CR75","unstructured":"Bi, X. et al. Chinese expert consensus on the combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy with locoregional therapy for intermediate\/advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 1\u201317  (2024)."},{"issue":"9","key":"23027_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0257556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257556","volume":"16","author":"C Khorprasert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khorprasert, C. et al. Advanced radiotherapy technique in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis: feasibility and clinical outcomes. PLoS One. 16 (9), e0257556 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-024-02334-1","volume":"24","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao, Y. et al. Efficacy of radiotherapy in combined treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombus: a real-world study. BMC Surg. 24 (1), 54 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"23027_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153303382199528","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033821995286","volume":"20","author":"S Bai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bai, S. et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy for type III-IV portal vein tumor thrombi. Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 20, 1533033821995286 (2021).","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-13739-3","volume":"25","author":"SM Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee, S. M. et al. Efficacy and safety of image-guided hypofractionated radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: a retrospective, multicenter study. BMC Cancer. 25 (1), 736 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"23027_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, M. et al. Sintilimab plus Bevacizumab combined with radiotherapy as first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: A multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 study. Hepatology (Baltimore) (2024).","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000776"},{"key":"23027_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107542","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1107542","volume":"14","author":"K Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with systemic Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic portal vein tumor thrombus: A preliminary multicenter single-arm prospective study. Front. Immunol. 14, 1107542 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"23027_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Q. et al. Efficacy and safety of radiotherapy versus transarterial chemoembolization in combination with Lenvatinib and Camrelizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava\/right atrium tumor thrombus: A multicenter study. Hepatol. Int. (2025).","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-025-10794-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10173-y","volume":"15","author":"LQ Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, L. Q. et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. Hep. Intl. 15 (3), 630\u2013641 (2021).","journal-title":"Hep. Intl."},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1159\/000523997","volume":"11","author":"J Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun, J. et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus in China (2021 edition). Liver Cancer. 11 (4), 315\u2013328 (2022).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"20","key":"23027_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3782","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33677","volume":"127","author":"X Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding, X. et al. Transarterial chemoembolization plus lenvatinib versus transarterial chemoembolization plus Sorafenib as first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: A prospective randomized study. Cancer 127 (20), 3782\u20133793 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"23027_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821599","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.821599","volume":"11","author":"B Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, B. et al. TACE plus lenvatinib versus TACE plus Sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: A prospective cohort study. Front. Oncol. 11, 821599 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"23027_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S502350","volume":"14","author":"Z He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He, Z. et al. PD(L)1 inhibitors plus lenvatinib vs Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combined with HAIC for unresectable HCC: A propensity score matching study. Immunotargets Ther. 14, 51\u201363 (2025).","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther."},{"key":"23027_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rimassa, L. et al. Five-year overall survival update from the HIMALAYA study of Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab in unresectable HCC. J. Hepatol.  (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.03.033"},{"issue":"2","key":"23027_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-2124","volume":"30","author":"TH Patel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel, T. H. et al. FDA approval summary: Tremelimumab in combination with durvalumab for the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Research: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Res. 30 (2), 269\u2013273 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Research: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-024-00917-1","volume":"15","author":"G Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan, G. et al. Transarterial chemoembolization with\/without immune checkpoint inhibitors plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a single center, propensity score matching real-world study. Discover Oncol. 15 (1), 68 (2024).","journal-title":"Discover Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"23027_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10423-7","volume":"16","author":"L Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, L. et al. Radiotherapy prior to or after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatol. Int. 16 (6), 1368\u20131378 (2022).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"23027_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531249","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1531249","volume":"16","author":"Y Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Adverse events associated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and its combination therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Front. Immunol. 16, 1531249 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"23027_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Z. et al. The efficacy and safety of conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with PD-1 inhibitor and anti-angiogenesis tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A real-world comparative study. Front. Oncol. 12, 941068 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.941068"},{"key":"23027_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawood, Z. S. et al. Comparison of Tumor Response and Outcomes of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Multimodal Treatment Including Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vol. 26(5). 618\u2013629 (HPB (Oxford), 2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2024.02.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-025-03788-0","volume":"23","author":"H Tian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tian, H. & Wan, C. Comparative efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors versus tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors alone in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J. Surg. Oncol. 23 (1), 126 (2025).","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR96","first-page":"105","volume":"4","author":"J Xue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xue, J. et al. Advances in locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy. J. Interv Med. 4 (3), 105\u2013113 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Interv Med."},{"key":"23027_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinato, D. J. et al. Trans-arterial chemoembolization as a loco-regional inducer of immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications for immunotherapy. J. Immunother. Cancer 9(9) (2021).","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003311"},{"issue":"1","key":"23027_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14317","volume":"79","author":"A Montasser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Montasser, A. et al. Transarterial chemoembolisation enhances programmed death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Histopathology 79 (1), 36\u201346 (2021).","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000505695","volume":"9","author":"H Deng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deng, H. et al. Dual vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor Inhibition elicits antitumor immunity and enhances programmed cell death-1 checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer. 9 (3), 338\u2013357 (2020).","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"23027_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30889","volume":"71","author":"K Shigeta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shigeta, K. et al. Dual programmed death Receptor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor Receptor-2 Blockade promotes vascular normalization and enhances antitumor immune responses in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 71 (4), 1247\u20131261 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"23027_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kudo, M. Scientific rationale for combined immunotherapy with PD-1\/PD-L1 antibodies and VEGF inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 12(5) (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051089"},{"issue":"5","key":"23027_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00395-0","volume":"18","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Llovet, J. M. et al. Locoregional therapies in the era of molecular and immune treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18 (5), 293\u2013313 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"23027_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650394","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.650394","volume":"11","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, Y. et al. Combination of Sorafenib, Camrelizumab, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and stereotactic body radiation therapy as a novel downstaging strategy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: A case series study. Front. Oncol. 11, 650394 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"23027_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. et al. A combination of Sorafenib, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, TACE and stereotactic body radiation therapy versus Sorafenib and TACE in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by portal vein tumor thrombus. Cancers (Basel) 14(15). (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14153619"},{"key":"23027_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112711","volume":"139","author":"Z Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, Z. et al. Atezolizumab and bevacizumab plus transarterial chemoembolization and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for patients with high tumor burden unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A multi-center cohort study. Int. Immunopharmacol. 139, 112711 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"23027_CR106","unstructured":"TACE Combined with Immunotherapy Plus Targeted Therapy After 125I Irradiation Stent Placement in HCC with Main Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis (PATENCY II). (2025)."},{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-03942-3","volume":"74","author":"H Cai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cai, H. et al. Lenvatinib and Tislelizumab versus Atezolizumab and bevacizumab in combination with TAE-HAIC for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with high tumor burden: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 74 (3), 88 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother"},{"issue":"3","key":"23027_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04620-1","volume":"50","author":"HY Tan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tan, H. Y. et al. Efficacy of radiotherapy combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, TKI and ICI for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a retrospective cohort study. Abdom. Radiol. (NY). 50 (3), 1320\u20131329 (2025).","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol. (NY)"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23027-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23027-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23027-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T20:02:40Z","timestamp":1762891360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23027-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-23027-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"39494"}}