{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T14:42:44Z","timestamp":1794580964390,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bu-Ali Sina University, and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) for financial support of this research project."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-23176-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T18:17:37Z","timestamp":1762971457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbons based on covalent triazine framework as the dopant for biodiesel production"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Taherinia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Ghorbani-Choghamarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"42","key":"23176_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10801","DOI":"10.1039\/c2sm07448f","volume":"8","author":"L Chuenchom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chuenchom, L., Kraehnert, R. & Smarsly, B. M. Recent progress in soft-templating of porous carbon materials. Soft Matter. 8 (42), 10801\u201310812 (2012).","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"40","key":"23176_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102032","volume":"23","author":"B Guo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo, B. et al. Soft-templated mesoporous carbon\u2010carbon nanotube composites for high-performance lithium\u2010ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 23 (40), 4661 (2011).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"23176_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CS35301F","volume":"42","author":"TY Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma, T. Y., Liu, L. & Yuan, Z. Y. Direct synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 (9), 3977\u20134003 (2013).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"23176_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.11.049","volume":"127","author":"X Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. New insights into the surface properties of hard-templated ordered mesoporous carbons. Carbon 127, 707\u2013717 (2018).","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"7","key":"23176_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2019.16745","volume":"19","author":"V Malgras","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malgras, V. et al. Fabrication of nanoporous carbon materials with hard-and soft-templating approaches: A review. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 19 (7), 3673\u20133685 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"32","key":"23176_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9828","DOI":"10.1021\/la501870h","volume":"30","author":"Z Tian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tian, Z. & Snyder, M. A. Hard templating of symmetric and asymmetric carbon thin films with three-dimensionally ordered mesoporosity. Langmuir 30 (32), 9828\u20139837 (2014).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"2","key":"23176_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700128","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.201700128","volume":"2","author":"R Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan, R. et al. Ordered mesoporous carbons with high micropore content and tunable structure prepared by combined hard and salt templating as electrode materials in electric double-layer capacitors. Adv. Sustainable Syst. 2 (2), 1700128 (2018).","journal-title":"Adv. Sustainable Syst."},{"key":"23176_CR8","first-page":"842","volume":"81","author":"S Chauhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chauhan, S. Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon by soft template method. Mater. Today: Proc. 81, 842\u2013847 (2023).","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"issue":"17","key":"23176_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2009.12.092","volume":"256","author":"J G\u00f3rka","year":"2010","unstructured":"G\u00f3rka, J., Zawislak, A., Choma, J. & Jaroniec, M. Adsorption and structural properties of soft-templated mesoporous carbons obtained by carbonization at different temperatures and KOH activation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 256 (17), 5187\u20135190 (2010).","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"22","key":"23176_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8438","DOI":"10.1039\/C3TA15382G","volume":"2","author":"F Deganello","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deganello, F., Testa, M. L., Parola, L., Longo, V., Tavares, A. C. & A., & LaFeO 3-based nanopowders prepared by a soft\u2013hard templating approach: the effect of silica texture. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2 (22), 8438\u20138447 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"6","key":"23176_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201502593","volume":"28","author":"V Malgras","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malgras, V. et al. Nanoarchitectures for mesoporous metals. Adv. Mater. 28 (6), 993\u20131010 (2016).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"23176_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2020.110870","volume":"314","author":"Y Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang, Y., Zhang, Q. & Cui, L. Recent progress of mesoporous materials for high performance supercapacitors. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 314, 110870 (2021).","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"23176_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.110849","volume":"143","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, S. J. et al. Heteroatom-doped graphene-based materials for sustainable energy applications: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 143, 110849 (2021).","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"23176_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2020.04.010","volume":"39","author":"R Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar, R. et al. Heteroatom doped graphene engineering for energy storage and conversion. Mater. Today. 39, 47\u201365 (2020).","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"23176_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2021.103437","volume":"44","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Construction of heteroatom-doped and three-dimensional graphene materials for the applications in supercapacitors: A review. J. Energy Storage. 44, 103437 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"issue":"9","key":"23176_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5207","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b00991","volume":"5","author":"J Duan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duan, J., Chen, S., Jaroniec, M. & Qiao, S. Z. Heteroatom-doped graphene-based materials for energy-relevant electrocatalytic processes. ACS Catal. 5 (9), 5207\u20135234 (2015).","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"issue":"4","key":"23176_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE00166C","volume":"14","author":"X Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng, X. et al. Untangling the respective effects of heteroatom-doped carbon materials in batteries, supercapacitors and the ORR to design high performance materials. Energy Environ. Sci. 14 (4), 2036\u20132089 (2021).","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"35","key":"23176_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19298","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA03634C","volume":"9","author":"B Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, B. et al. Heteroatoms in Graphdiyne for catalytic and energy-related applications. J. Mater. Chem. A. 9 (35), 19298\u201319316 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"23176_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2020.07.027","volume":"32","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan, Y. et al. Heteroatom-doped carbon-based materials for lithium and sodium ion batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 32, 65\u201390 (2020).","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"23176_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-008-1284-0","volume":"85","author":"RC Rodrigues","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rodrigues, R. C., Volpato, G., Wada, K. & Ayub, M. A. Z. Enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel from transesterification reactions of vegetable oils and short chain alcohols. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 85, 925\u2013930 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"23176_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.126674","volume":"334","author":"A Naghipour","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naghipour, A., Ghorbani-Choghamarani, A. & Taherinia, Z. Novel hybrid materials based on mesoporous Gamma-Alumina@ Riboflavin@ vanadium for biodiesel production. Fuel 334, 126674 (2023).","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"23176_CR22","first-page":"100647","volume":"25","author":"Z Taherinia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taherinia, Z., Ghorbani-Choghamarani, A. & Lemraski, E. G. Biodiesel production from spirulina algae oil over Cobalt microsphere through esterification reaction. Mater. Today Sustain. 25, 100647 (2024).","journal-title":"Mater. Today Sustain."},{"key":"23176_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2024.132410","volume":"374","author":"Z Taherinia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taherinia, Z., Ghorbani-Choghamarani, A. & Naghipour, A. Catalytic performance of hexagonal Boron Nitride@ APTS-SO3H as heterogeneous nanocatalyst for biodiesel production. Fuel 374, 132410 (2024).","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"23176_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2022.107224","volume":"230","author":"H Esmaeili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Esmaeili, H. A critical review on the economic aspects and life cycle assessment of biodiesel production using heterogeneous nanocatalysts. Fuel Process. Technol. 230, 107224 (2022).","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"23176_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1039\/b300138p","volume":"5","author":"W Keim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Keim, W. Multiphase catalysis and its potential in catalytic processes: the story of biphasic homogeneous catalysis. Green Chem. 5 (2), 105\u2013111 (2003).","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"23176_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC02160F","volume":"17","author":"IV G\u00fcrsel","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00fcrsel, I. V., No\u00ebl, T., Wang, Q. & Hessel, V. Separation\/recycling methods for homogeneous transition metal catalysts in continuous flow. Green Chem. 17 (4), 2012\u20132026 (2015).","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"23176_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127388","volume":"309","author":"MU Qadeer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qadeer, M. U. et al. Review of biodiesel synthesis technologies, current trends, yield influencing factors and economical analysis of supercritical process. J. Clean. Prod. 309, 127388 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"9","key":"23176_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3987","DOI":"10.1021\/cr050973n","volume":"106","author":"C Baleizao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baleizao, C. & Garcia, H. Chiral Salen complexes: an overview to recoverable and reusable homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Chem. Rev. 106 (9), 3987\u20134043 (2006).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"23176_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarangi, P. K. et al. Biobased heterogeneous renewable catalysts: production technologies, innovations, biodiesel applications and circular bioeconomy. Environ. Res. 261, 119745. (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119745"},{"key":"23176_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mawlid, O. A., Abdelhady, H. H. & El-Deab, M. S. Recent Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Efficient Biodiesel Production: A Review (Energy & Fuels, 2024).","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c03555"},{"key":"23176_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oyekunle, D. T., Barasa, M., Gendy, E. A. & Tiong, S. K. Heterogeneous Catalytic Transesterification for Biodiesel Production: Feedstock properties, Catalysts and Process Parameters (Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2023.07.064"},{"key":"23176_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Wang, H., Fan, J. & Han, Z. Synthesis, catalysts and enhancement technologies of biodiesel from oil feedstock\u2013A review. Sci. Total Environ. 904, 166982 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166982"},{"key":"23176_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117554","volume":"206","author":"R Garg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garg, R., Sabouni, R. & Ahmadipour, M. From waste to fuel: challenging aspects in sustainable biodiesel production from lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks and role of metal organic framework as innovative heterogeneous catalysts. Ind. Crops Prod. 206, 117554 (2023).","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"issue":"11","key":"23176_CR34","first-page":"3813","volume":"8","author":"HM Saleh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saleh, H. M. & Hassan, A. I. Use of heterogeneous catalysis in sustainable biofuel production. Phys. Sci. Reviews. 8 (11), 3813\u20133834 (2023).","journal-title":"Phys. Sci. Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"23176_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LF00060E","volume":"1","author":"TV de Medeiros","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Medeiros, T. V., Macina, A., de Mesquita, J. P. & Naccache, R. Nitrogen-doped carbon Dots in transesterification reactions for biodiesel synthesis. RSC Appl. Interfaces. 1 (1), 86\u201397 (2024).","journal-title":"RSC Appl. Interfaces"},{"issue":"4","key":"23176_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1080\/17458080.2011.577102","volume":"8","author":"R Kumar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kumar, R. et al. Synthesis of carbon and carbon\u2013nitrogen nanotubes using green precursor: jatropha-derived biodiesel. J. Exp. Nanosci. 8 (4), 606\u2013620 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Nanosci."},{"key":"23176_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2023.127296","volume":"275","author":"T Gavaskar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gavaskar, T., Arun, K. & Arivazhagan, S. The combined effect of green synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum Dots blended jackfruit seed biodiesel and acetylene gas tested on the dual fuel engine. Energy 275, 127296 (2023).","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"40","key":"23176_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2016.07.169","volume":"41","author":"K Wan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wan, K. et al. Synthesis of nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon electrocatalyst: nanoconfinement effect in SBA-15 template. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy. 41 (40), 18027\u201318032 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"issue":"31","key":"23176_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16235","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA03056K","volume":"3","author":"T He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He, T., Liu, L., Wu, G. & Chen, P. Covalent triazine framework-supported palladium nanoparticles for catalytic hydrogenation of N-heterocycles. J. Mater. Chem. A. 3 (31), 16235\u201316241 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"16","key":"23176_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8318","DOI":"10.1021\/jp4017773","volume":"117","author":"H Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. Nitrogen doping effects on the physical and chemical properties of mesoporous carbons. J. Phys. Chem. C. 117 (16), 8318\u20138328 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"21","key":"23176_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.05.131","volume":"257","author":"D Geng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Geng, D. et al. Nitrogen doping effects on the structure of graphene. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257 (21), 9193\u20139198 (2011).","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"23176_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.04.046","volume":"126","author":"ZE Gorji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gorji, Z. E. et al. Functionalization of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot: A sustainable carbon-based catalyst for the production of Cyclic carbonate from epoxide and CO2. J. Environ. Sci. 126, 408\u2013422 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23176-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23176-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23176-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T06:04:19Z","timestamp":1763359459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23176-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-23176-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"39618"}}