{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:05:29Z","timestamp":1772136329481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-23285-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T18:25:05Z","timestamp":1762885505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The efficiency and safety of low-dose intravenous indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonate: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wasana","family":"Hongkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narueporn","family":"Petarwut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanatda","family":"Siriporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirucha","family":"Thamwiriyakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tharathorn","family":"Durongbhandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"23285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1023\/b:caim.0000041933.61896.55","volume":"20","author":"SL Jan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jan, S. L., Hwang, B., Fu, Y. C. & Chi, C. S. Prediction of ductus arteriosus closure by neonatal screening echocardiography. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 20(4), 349\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/b:caim.0000041933.61896.55 (2004).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"23285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590578","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.590578","volume":"11","author":"S Parkerson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parkerson, S., Philip, R., Talati, A. & Sathanandam, S. Management of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants in 2020. Front. Pediatr. 11, 8:590578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.590578 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"23285_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.10.006","volume":"31","author":"WT Jim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jim, W. T. et al. Cerebral hemodynamic change and intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 31(2), 197\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.10.006 (2005).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"23285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-6-15","volume":"6","author":"LCL Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee, L. C. L., Tillett, A., Tulloh, R., Yates, R. & Kelsall, W. Outcome following patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants: a retrospective cohort analysis. BMC Pediatr. 6, 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2431-6-15 (2006).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"23285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.01.047","volume":"148","author":"B Schmidt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmidt, B., Roberts, R. S. & Fanaroff, A. Indomethacin prophylaxis, patent ductus arteriosus, and the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: further analyses from the trial of indomethacin prophylaxis in preterms (TIPP). J. Pediatr. 148(6), 730\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.01.047 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"23285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD013133","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013133.pub2","volume":"1","author":"P Evans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans, P., O\u2019Reilly, D., Flyer, J. N., Soll, R. & Mitra, S. Indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 1, CD013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013133.pub2 (2021).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"23285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01007.x","volume":"98","author":"C Rheinlaender","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rheinlaender, C. et al. Total serum bilirubin levels during cyclooxygenase inhibitor treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr. 98(1), 36\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01007.x (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"23285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003480","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003480.pub3","volume":"2","author":"CM Herreca","year":"2007","unstructured":"Herreca, C. M., Holberton, J. R. & Davis, P. G. Prolonged versus short course of indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2, CD003480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003480.pub3 (2007).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"23285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.06.013","volume":"155","author":"KB Carmo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carmo, K. B., Evans, N. & Paradisis, M. Duration of indomethacin treatment of the preterm patent ductus arteriosus as directed by echocardiography. J. Pediatr. 155(6), 819\u2013822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.06.013 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"23285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20201209","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-1209","volume":"146","author":"SEG Hamrick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamrick, S. E. G. et al. Patent ductus arteriosus of the preterm infant. Pediatrics 146(1), e20201209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-1209 (2020).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"23285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-016-2830-7","volume":"176","author":"AE El-Mashad","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Mashad, A. E., El-Mahdy, H., El Amrousy, D. & Elgendy, M. Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and indomethacin in closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates. Eur. J. Pediatr. 176(2), 233\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-016-2830-7 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"23285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00541","volume":"8","author":"JCA de Klerk","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Klerk, J. C. A. et al. Spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review. Front. Pediatr. 8, 541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.00541 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"23285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.1","volume":"2","author":"Acute Kidney Injury Work Group","year":"2012","unstructured":"Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int. Suppl. 2(1), 1\u2013138 (2012).","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"issue":"5","key":"23285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(99)70239-8","volume":"134","author":"O Tammela","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tammela, O. et al. Short versus prolonged indomethacin therapy for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. J. Pediatr. 134(5), 552\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(99)70239-8 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"23285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-828612","volume":"21","author":"DJ O\u2019Donovan","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019Donovan, D. J. et al. Indomethacin therapy for patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: efficacy of a dosing strategy based on a second-dose peak plasma indomethacin level and estimated plasma indomethacin levels Z. Am. J. Perinatol. 21(4), 191\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2004-828612 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"23285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.2.345","volume":"112","author":"J Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee, J. et al. Randomized trial of prolonged low-dose versus conventional-dose indomethacin for treating patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 112(2), 345\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.112.2.345 (2003).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"23285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(83)80022-5","volume":"102","author":"WM Gersony","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gersony, W. M., Peckham, G. J., Ellison, R. C., Miettinen, O. S. & Nadas, A. S. Effects of indomethacin on premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus: results of a national collaborative study. J. Pediatr. 102(6), 895\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(83)80022-5 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"23285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1090594","volume":"25","author":"SL Nemerofsky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nemerofsky, S. L. et al. The ductus arteriosus rarely requires treatment in infants\u2009>\u20091000 grams. Am. J. Perinatol. 25(10), 661\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0028-1090594 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"23285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00303-2","volume":"143","author":"K Itabashi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Itabashi, K., Ohno, T. & Nishida, H. Indomethacin responsiveness of patent ductus arteriosus and subsequent renal abnormalities in preterm infants treated with indomethacin. J. Pediatr. 143(2), 203\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00303-2 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"23285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0347-4","volume":"39","author":"M Liebowitz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liebowitz, M. et al. Comparative effectiveness of drugs used to constrict the patent ductus arteriosus: a secondary analysis of the PDA-TOLERATE trial. J. Perinatol. 39(5), 599\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-019-0347-4 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"23285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210911","volume":"23","author":"DJ O\u2019Donovan","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Donovan, D. J. et al. Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Gastrointestinal complications after indomethacin therapy and surgical ligation in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. J. Perinatol. 23(4), 286\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jp.7210911 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"23285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1159\/000088046","volume":"20","author":"V Zanardo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zanardo, V. et al. Effects of ibuprofen and indomethacin on urinary antidiuretic hormone excretion in preterm infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus. Fetal Diagn. Ther. 20(6), 534\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000088046 (2005).","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"23285_CR23","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Indomethacin Injection. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/018704s028lbl.pdf (Accessed 3 Sep 2025) (2025)."},{"issue":"5","key":"23285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-013-0031-7","volume":"15","author":"GM Pacifici","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pacifici, G. M. Clinical pharmacology of indomethacin in preterm infants: implications in patent ductus arteriosus closure. Paediatr. Drugs. 15(5), 363\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40272-013-0031-7 (2013).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"23285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-006-0093-1","volume":"28","author":"SB Amin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amin, S. B., Handley, C. & Carter-Pokras, O. Indomethacin use for the management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterms: a web-based survey of practice attitudes among neonatal fellowship program directors in the United States. Pediatr. Cardiol. 28(3), 193\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-006-0093-1 (2007).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"23285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F94","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.120584","volume":"93","author":"BH Su","year":"2008","unstructured":"Su, B. H. et al. Comparison of ibuprofen and indomethacin for early-targeted treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely premature infants: a randomised controlled trial. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 93(2), F94\u2013F99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2007.120584 (2008).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"23285_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2019.10.002","volume":"61","author":"BH Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su, B. H. et al. Therapeutic strategy of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants. Pediatr. Neonatol. 61(2), 133\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2019.10.002 (2020).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23285-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23285-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23285-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T18:25:06Z","timestamp":1762885506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23285-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-23285-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7084021\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"39530"}}