{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:03:46Z","timestamp":1765382626291,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of graduate Studies and scientific Research at Jouf University","award":["DGSSR-2025-02-01028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGSSR-2025-02-01028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-23488-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T15:23:43Z","timestamp":1760541823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An experimental and statistical investigation into the optimisation of eco-friendly concrete incorporating agricultural and industrial wastes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed. M.","family":"Yosri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wali","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jahangir","family":"Badar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nejib","family":"Ghazouani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atta","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elkady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"23488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.123959","volume":"300","author":"E Ridengaoqier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ridengaoqier, E., Hatanaka, S., Palamy, P. & Kurita, S. Experimental study on the porosity evaluation of pervious concrete by using ultrasonic wave testing on surfaces. Constr. Build. Mater. 300, 123959 (2021).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"23488_CR2","first-page":"000","volume":"85","author":"M Akbar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akbar, M., Hussain, Z., Huali, P., Imran, M. & Thomas, B. S. Impact of waste crumb rubber on concrete performance incorporating silica fume and fly Ash to make a sustainable low-carbon concrete. Struct. Eng. Mech. 85 (2), 000 (2023).","journal-title":"Struct. Eng. Mech."},{"key":"23488_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s42947-020-0039-7","volume":"13","author":"JS Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, J. S. & Yang, C. H. Porous asphalt concrete: A review of design, construction, performance and maintenance. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 13, 601\u2013612 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol."},{"key":"23488_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.023","volume":"43","author":"KT Louise","year":"2013","unstructured":"Louise, K. T. & TurnerFrank, G. C. Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 e) emissions: a comparison between geopolymer and OPC cement concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 43, 125\u2013130 (2013).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.065","volume":"77","author":"WK Part","year":"2015","unstructured":"Part, W. K., Ramli, M. & Cheah, C. B. An overview on the influence of various factors on the properties of geopolymer concrete derived from industrial by-products. Constr. Build. Mater. 77, 370\u2013395 (2015).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"issue":"20","key":"23488_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7346","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15207346","volume":"15","author":"T Umar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Umar, T. et al. An experimental study on non-destructive evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of a sustainable concrete incorporating industrial waste. Materials 15 (20), 7346 (2022).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"23488_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/app13010124","volume":"13","author":"M Akbar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akbar, M., Umar, T., Hussain, Z., Pan, H. & Ou, G. Effect of human hair fibers on the performance of concrete incorporating high dosage of silica fume. Appl. Sci. 13 (1), 124 (2022).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"23488_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.130449","volume":"369","author":"S Fernando","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernando, S. et al. Assessment of long term durability properties of blended fly Ash-Rice husk Ash alkali activated concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 369, 130449 (2023).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR9","first-page":"e01092","volume":"16","author":"R Somna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Somna, R., Saowapun, T., Somna, K. & Chindaprasirt, P. Rice husk Ash and fly Ash geopolymer Hollow block based on NaOH activated. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 16, e01092 (2022).","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.121242","volume":"269","author":"Z Steyn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steyn, Z. et al. Concrete containing waste recycled glass, plastic and rubber as sand replacement. Constr. Build. Mater. 269, 121242 (2021).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"23488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-9465(01)00039-7","volume":"24","author":"AU Elinwa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Elinwa, A. U. & Mahmood, Y. A. Ash from timber waste as cement replacement material. Cem. Concr. Compos. 24 (2), 219\u2013222 (2002).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"issue":"2","key":"23488_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2014.11.005","volume":"6","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Mishra, M. & Suganya, O. The incorporation of wood waste Ash as a partial cement replacement material for making structural grade concrete: an overview. Ain Shams Eng. J. 6 (2), 429\u2013437 (2015).","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"key":"23488_CR13","first-page":"e00662","volume":"15","author":"AR de Azevedo","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Azevedo, A. R. et al. Effect of the addition and processing of glass Polishing waste on the durability of geopolymer mortars. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 15, e00662 (2021).","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.186","volume":"190","author":"M Usman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Usman, M. et al. Eco-friendly self-compacting cement pastes incorporating wood waste as cement replacement: A feasibility study. J. Clean. Prod. 190, 679\u2013688 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"23488_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.044","volume":"50","author":"J Torkaman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Torkaman, J., Ashori, A. & Momtazi, A. S. Using wood fiber waste, rice husk ash, and limestone powder waste as cement replacement materials for lightweight concrete blocks. Constr. Build. Mater. 50, 432\u2013436 (2014).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.116","volume":"111","author":"S Hesami","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hesami, S. et al. Mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete pavement containing coal waste and limestone powder as partial cement replacements. Constr. Build. Mater. 111, 625\u2013636 (2016).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"issue":"17","key":"23488_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6018","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15176018","volume":"15","author":"AA Alani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alani, A. A. et al. Demolition waste potential for completely cement-free binders. Materials 15 (17), 6018 (2022).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"11","key":"23488_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14112917","volume":"14","author":"E Barreto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barreto, E. et al. Clay ceramic waste as Pozzolan constituent in cement for structural concrete. Maters 14 (11), 2917 (2021).","journal-title":"Maters"},{"issue":"4","key":"23488_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-023-07698-9","volume":"48","author":"MM Zaheer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zaheer, M. M. & Tabish, M. The durability of concrete made up of sugar cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a partial replacement of cement: a review. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 48 (4), 4195\u20134225 (2023).","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"23488_CR20","first-page":"9553382","volume":"2022","author":"A Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali, A. et al. Influence of marble powder and polypropylene fibers on the strength and durability properties of Self-Compacting concrete (SCC). Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2022 (1), 9553382 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"23488_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samadi, M. et al. Properties of mortar containing ceramic powder waste as cement replacement. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 77(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11113\/jt.v77.6315 (2015).","DOI":"10.11113\/jt.v77.6315"},{"key":"23488_CR22","first-page":"e02104","volume":"18","author":"YO \u00d6zk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00d6zk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, Y. O. et al. Mechanical behavior in terms of shear and bending performance of reinforced concrete beam using waste fire clay as replacement of aggregate. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 18, e02104 (2023).","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329386","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2023.1329386","volume":"10","author":"M Akbar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akbar, M., Hussain, Z., Imran, M., Bhatti, S. & Anees, M. Concrete matrix based on marble powder, waste glass sludge, and crumb rubber: pathways towards sustainable concrete. Front. Mater. 10, 1329386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmats.2023.1329386 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"23488_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2004.05.017","volume":"19","author":"X Lingling","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lingling, X. et al. Study on fired bricks with replacing clay with fly Ash in high volume ratio. Constr. Build. Mater. 19 (3), 243\u2013247 (2005).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121825","volume":"266","author":"M Samadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Samadi, M. et al. Waste ceramic as low-cost and eco-friendly materials in the production of sustainable mortars. J. Clean. Prod. 266, 121825 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"23488_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057128","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2022.1057128","volume":"9","author":"\u00d6 Zeybek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeybek, \u00d6. et al. Performance evaluation of fibre-reinforced concrete produced with steel fibres extracted from the waste tyre. Front. Mater. 9, 1057128 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"issue":"15","key":"23488_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5349","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15155349","volume":"15","author":"R Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda, R. et al. The present state of the use of waste wood Ash as an eco-efficient construction material: A review. Materials 15 (15), 5349 (2022).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"21","key":"23488_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14388","DOI":"10.3390\/su142114388","volume":"14","author":"B Basaran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basaran, B. et al. Effects of waste powder, fine and coarse marble aggregates on concrete compressive strength. Sustainability 14 (21), 14388 (2022).","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"21","key":"23488_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7513","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15217513","volume":"15","author":"\u00d6 Zeybek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeybek, \u00d6. et al. Influence of replacing cement with waste glass on mechanical properties of concrete. Materials 15 (21), 7513 (2022).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"23488_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064604","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2022.1064604","volume":"9","author":"M Karalar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karalar, M. et al. Use of recycled coal bottom Ash in reinforced concrete beams as a replacement for aggregate. Front. Mater. 9, 1064604 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.135312","volume":"418","author":"D Yavuz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yavuz, D., Akbulut, Z. F. & Guler, S. An experimental investigation of hydraulic and early and later-age mechanical properties of eco-friendly porous concrete containing waste glass powder and fly Ash. Constr. Build. Mater. 418, 135312 (2024).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"23488_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40069-022-00511-1","volume":"16","author":"J Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad, J. et al. Characteristics of sustainable concrete with partial substitutions of glass waste as a binder material. Int. J. Concrete Struct. Mater. 16 (1), 21 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Concrete Struct. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s41779-016-0020-8","volume":"53","author":"A \u0130ssi","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u0130ssi, A. et al. Casting and sintering of a sanitaryware body containing fine fire clay (FFC). J. Aust. Ceram. Soc. 53, 157\u2013162 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Aust. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"23488_CR34","unstructured":"Joyklad, P., Nawaz, A. & Hussain, Q. Effect of fired clay brick aggregates on mechanical properties of concrete. Suranaree J. Sci. Technol., 25 (4), 42\u201362 (2018)."},{"issue":"12","key":"23488_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13122865","volume":"13","author":"MJ Miah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miah, M. J. et al. Enhancement of mechanical properties and porosity of concrete using steel slag coarse aggregate. Materials 13 (12), 2865 (2020).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"23488_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2018.04.061","volume":"9","author":"C Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng, C. et al. Mechanical properties of recycled concrete with demolished waste concrete aggregate and clay brick aggregate. Results Phys. 9, 1317\u20131322 (2018).","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"23488_CR37","first-page":"e01391","volume":"17","author":"RDA Hafez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hafez, R. D. A., Tayeh, B. A., Abd-Al, R. O. & Ftah Developing and evaluating green fired clay bricks using industrial and agricultural wastes. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 17, e01391 (2022).","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz, P. et al. Fired clay bricks made by adding wastes: Assessment of the impact on physical, mechanical and thermal properties. (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.024"},{"key":"23488_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2017.11.007","volume":"134","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Sun, Q. & Geng, J. Microstructural characterization of limestone exposed to heat with XRD, SEM and TG-DSC. Mater. Charact. 134, 285\u2013295 (2017).","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"23488_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akbulut, Z. F. Enhancement of cement mortar\u2019s resistance to hydrochloric acid using hybrid SST\/DHST fibers and silica fume. Eur. J. Environ. Civil Eng. 29 (10), 1935\u20131952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19648189.2025.2472054 (2025).","DOI":"10.1080\/19648189.2025.2472054"},{"key":"23488_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s41062-024-01803-z","volume":"10","author":"A Nasir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nasir, A., Butt, F. & Ahmad, F. Enhanced mechanical and axial resilience of recycled plastic aggregate concrete reinforced with silica fume and fibers. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 10, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41062-024-01803-z (2025).","journal-title":"Innov. Infrastruct. Solut."},{"key":"23488_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmad, F. et al. (eds) (Chunhui) Effect of Metakaolin and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on the Performance of Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Magnesium Oxychloride Cement-Based Composites. Int J Civ Eng 23, 853\u2013868 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40999-025-01074-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s40999-025-01074-4"},{"key":"23488_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2025.140867","volume":"472","author":"S Ahmad, Farhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmad, Farhan, S., Rawat, R. C., Yang, L., Zhang & Zhang, Y. X. Fire resistance and thermal performance of hybrid fibre-reinforced magnesium oxychloride cement-based composites. Constr. Build. Mater. 472, 140867 (2025).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leming, M. L. & Nguyen, B. Q. Limits on alkali content in cement\u2014results from a field study. Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, 22(1): pp. 41\u201347. (2000).","DOI":"10.1520\/CCA10462J"},{"key":"23488_CR45","first-page":"e01958","volume":"18","author":"M Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali, M. et al. Central composite design application in the optimization of the effect of pumice stone on lightweight concrete properties using RSM. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 18, e01958 (2023).","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"23488_CR46","unstructured":"The American Concrete Institute\u2019s (ACI. ) Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete (ACI 211.1\u201391) as Found in their ACI Manual of Concrete Practice 2000, Part 1: Materials and General Properties of Concrete (1991)."},{"key":"23488_CR47","unstructured":"ASTM Standard Specification for Portland Cement. ASTM-C150\/C150M (American Society for Testing and Materials, 2020)."},{"key":"23488_CR48","unstructured":"Standard Test Method for. Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates., ASTM-C136\/C136M-19, (2019)."},{"key":"23488_CR49","unstructured":"Standard test method. for the compressive strength of concrete cylinder, ASTM-C39\/C39M, (2020)."},{"key":"23488_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, H. F. Cement ChemistryVol. 2 (Thomas Telford, 1997).","DOI":"10.1680\/cc.25929"},{"issue":"1","key":"23488_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(95)00191-3","volume":"26","author":"A Shayan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shayan, A., Diggins, R. & Ivanusec, I. Effectiveness of fly Ash in preventing deleterious expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction in normal and steam-cured concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 26 (1), 153\u2013164 (1996).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23488-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23488-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23488-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T15:23:46Z","timestamp":1760541826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23488-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-23488-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"36119"}}