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The purpose and procedures of the study were fully informed to the participants. Then informed written consent was obtained from them (midwives and mothers). In addition to the verbal explanation, the written informed consent signed by the mother specified that, with the mother\u2019s written permission, skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding of the infant would be observed by a midwife researcher during the first hour after birth. Given the study\u2019s purpose, which required no intervention on the infant and solely involved observing skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding, mothers considered their written consent sufficient and did not consider the need for consent from the father to be necessary. Participants were also assured of the confidentiality of their information. 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