{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:05:37Z","timestamp":1772136337701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/01654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/01654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/01654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/01654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/01654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/01654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/01654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/B\/NZ7\/01654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022\/WK\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/WK\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Solvent evaporation is widely used for the formation of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients. This study investigates the effect of solvent evaporation on the structure of itraconazole \u2013 an antifungal drug and a model thermotropic liquid crystal that exhibits nematic and smectic phases when supercooled from the melt, and when cooled below the glass transition temperature at ~\u2009330\u00a0K, it forms glass with frozen liquid-crystalline order. Using X-ray scattering, it is demonstrated that the solid form of itraconazole obtained at room temperature via evaporation of dichloromethane reveals a smectic order extending up to ~\u200915\u00a0nm, which is about two times more than what is observed for itraconazole glass obtained by the conventional vitrification. Moreover, the degree of the smectic order may be tuned by adjusting the concentration of the drug in the solution or the choice of solvent. The obtained results are in agreement with previous reports, which indicated an enhancement of smectic order in the system of itraconazole with glycerol derived by evaporation from dichloromethane as compared to pure itraconazole glass [Fatina, C. et al. (2024).\n                    <jats:italic>Cryst. Growth &amp; Des.<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 24(11), 4596\u20134603]. Nevertheless, the new insight has clearly shown that glycerol stabilizing the liquid-crystalline order in itraconazole is not required at all for its generation. This can be achieved with pure itraconazole by evaporation of solvent. Moreover, the presence of glycerol does not extend the long-term room temperature physical stability of the smectic structure in itraconazole. Our findings may be used for producing non-crystalline formulations offering improvements in drug release over the conventional crystalline form.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-23979-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T21:08:44Z","timestamp":1763413724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of solvent evaporation on the liquid-crystalline order of itraconazole"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Taoufik","family":"Lamrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiza","family":"Orszulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Tarnacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hachula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Nowakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Jurkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"23979_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.110920","volume":"286","author":"D Heczko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heczko, D. et al. Varying thermodynamic conditions as a new way to tune the molecular order in glassy Itraconazole. J. Mol. Liq. 286, 110920 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq"},{"key":"23979_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.6b00342","volume":"16","author":"S Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Lee, T. W. & Chow, A. H. Crystallization of Itraconazole polymorphs from melt. Cryst. Growth Des. 16, 3791\u20133801 (2016).","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"23979_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(01)00563-9","volume":"376","author":"K Six","year":"2001","unstructured":"Six, K. et al. Investigation of thermal properties of glassy itraconazole: identification of a monotropic mesophase. Thermochim Acta. 376, 175\u2013181 (2001).","journal-title":"Thermochim Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"23979_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"055502","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.055502","volume":"120","author":"R Teerakapibal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teerakapibal, R., Huang, C., Gujral, A., Ediger, M. D. & Yu, L. Organic glasses with tunable liquid-crystalline order. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (5), 055502 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"23979_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.9b01377","volume":"10","author":"C Bishop","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bishop, C., Gujral, A., Toney, M. F., Yu, L. & Ediger, M. D. Vapor-deposited glass structure determined by deposition rate\u2013substrate temperature superposition principle. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10, 3536\u20133542 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"23979_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2020.112494","volume":"302","author":"J Knapik-Kowalczuk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Knapik-Kowalczuk, J., Jurkiewicz, K., Kocot, A. & Paluch, M. Rheo-dielectric studies of the kinetics of shear-induced nematic alignment changes in Itraconazole. J. Mol. Liq. 302, 112494 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq"},{"key":"23979_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.126106","volume":"414","author":"T Lamrani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lamrani, T. et al. Generation of nematic order in Itraconazole by cryo-milling. J. Mol. Liq. 414, 126106 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq"},{"key":"23979_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CE02149J","volume":"21","author":"H Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, H., Zhang, X., Cheng, Y. & Qian, F. Preparation of smectic Itraconazole nanoparticles with tunable periodic order using microfluidics-based anti-solvent precipitation. CrystEngComm 21, 2362\u20132372 (2019).","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"23979_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.5b01464","volume":"16","author":"NA Mugheirbi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mugheirbi, N. A., Fleischer, K. & Tajber, L. A. Rare case of mesomorphic Behavior\u2013Molecular reorientation of Itraconazole liquid crystal induced by a hygrothermal treatment. Cryst. Growth Des. 16, 1329\u20131336 (2016).","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"23979_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2020.114222","volume":"320","author":"KK Amponsah-Efah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amponsah-Efah, K. K., Glorieux, C., Thoen, J. & Suryanarayanan, R. Effect of glycerol on the order of the mesophase transitions of supercooled Itraconazole. J. Mol. Liq. 320, 114222 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq"},{"key":"23979_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034702","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.104.034702","volume":"104","author":"M Rams-Baron","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rams-Baron, M. et al. Broadband-dielectric-spectroscopy study of molecular dynamics in a mixture of Itraconazole and glycerol in glassy, smectic-A, and isotropic phases. Phys. Rev. E. 104, 034702 (2021).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"23979_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4596","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.4c00263","volume":"24","author":"C Fatina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fatina, C., Yu, J., Ediger, M. D. & Yu, L. Enhancing Liquid-Crystalline order and fluidity of a hydrophobic host with trace hydrophilic solvent. Cryst. Growth Des. 24, 4596\u20134603 (2024).","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"23979_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jct.2025.107455","volume":"204","author":"ES Ha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ha, E. S. et al. Solubility determination and correlation, solvent effect and thermodynamics of Itraconazole in sixteen mono solvents and ternary mixtures of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and ethanol. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 204, 107455 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Thermodyn."},{"key":"23979_CR14","first-page":"99","volume":"14","author":"S Havriliak","year":"1966","unstructured":"Havriliak, S. & Negami, S. A complex plane analysis of \u03b1-dispersions in some polymer systems. J. Polym. Sci. :C Polym. Symp. 14, 99\u2013117 (1966).","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. :C Polym. Symp."},{"key":"23979_CR15","first-page":"645","volume":"22","author":"H Vogel","year":"1921","unstructured":"Vogel, H. Das temperaturabhangigkeitsgesetz der Viskositat von flussigkeiten. Phys. Z. 22, 645\u2013646 (1921).","journal-title":"Phys. Z."},{"key":"23979_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1925.tb16731.x","volume":"8","author":"GS Fulcher","year":"1925","unstructured":"Fulcher, G. S. Analysis of recent measurements of the viscosity of glasses. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 8, 339\u2013355 (1925).","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"23979_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/zaac.19261560121","volume":"156","author":"GH Tammann","year":"1926","unstructured":"Tammann, G. H. & Hesse, W. Die abh\u00e4ngigkeit der viscosit\u00e4t von der temperatur Bie unterk\u00fchlten fl\u00fcssigkeiten. Z. Anorg Allg Chem. 156, 245\u2013257 (1926).","journal-title":"Z. Anorg Allg Chem."},{"key":"23979_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SM02180A","volume":"16","author":"Z Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, Z. et al. Organic glasses with tunable liquid-crystalline order through kinetic arrest of end-over-end rotation: the case of saperconazole. Soft Matter. 16, 2025\u20132030 (2020).","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"2","key":"23979_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b04877","volume":"29","author":"A Gujral","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gujral, A. et al. Highly organized smectic-like packing in vapor-deposited glasses of a liquid crystal. Chem. Mater. 29 (2), 849\u2013858 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"23979_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108270196004180","volume":"52","author":"OM Peeters","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peeters, O. M., Blaton, N. M. & De Ranter, C. J. cis-2-sec-Butyl-4-{4-[4-(4-{[2-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1, 3-dioxolan-4-yl] methoxy} phenyl)-1-piperazinyl] phenyl}-2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-one (Itraconazole). Cryst. Struct. Commun. 52 (9), 2225\u20132229 (1996).","journal-title":"Cryst. Struct. Commun."},{"key":"23979_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J. et al. Structures of glasses created by multiple kinetic arrests. J. Chem. Phys. 156, 2563 (2022).","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0080846"},{"key":"23979_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.6.936","volume":"6","author":"WL McMillan","year":"1972","unstructured":"McMillan, W. L. X-ray scattering from liquid crystals. I. Cholesteryl nonanoate and myristate. Phys. Rev. A. 6, 936 (1972).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"23979_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11080416","volume":"11","author":"F Schneider","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schneider, F., Koziolek, M. & Weitschies, W. In vitro and in vivo test methods for the evaluation of gastroretentive dosage forms. Pharmaceutics 11, 416 (2019).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"23979_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14091807","volume":"14","author":"N Rangaraj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rangaraj, N. et al. Fast-fed variability: insights into drug delivery, molecular manifestations, and regulatory aspects. Pharmaceutics 14, 1807 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"23979_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10126","volume":"91","author":"J Peeters","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peeters, J. et al. Characterization of the interaction of 2-hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin with Itraconazole at pH 2, 4, and 7. J. Pharm. Sci. 91, 1414\u20131422 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"23979_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40508-016-0051-z","volume":"4","author":"FP Byrne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Byrne, F. P. et al. Tools and techniques for solvent selection: green solvent selection guides. Sustain. Chem. Process. 4 (1), 7 (2016).","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Process."},{"key":"23979_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20742","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cp52643g","volume":"15","author":"M Tarnacka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tarnacka, M. et al. Molecular dynamics of Itraconazole at ambient and high pressure. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 20742\u201320752 (2013).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"23979_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(00)00662-1","volume":"213","author":"K Six","year":"2001","unstructured":"Six, K. et al. Characterization of glassy itraconazole: a comparative study of its molecular mobility below Tg with that of structural analogues using MTDSC. Int. J. Pharm. 213, 163\u2013173 (2001).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"23979_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kremer, F. & Sch\u00f6nhals, A.  Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (Springer, 2002).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56120-7"},{"key":"23979_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2017.05.128","volume":"1146","author":"J Kujawski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kujawski, J. et al. Structural and spectroscopic properties of Itraconazole and ketoconazole \u2013 Experimental and theoretical studies. J. Mol. Struct. 1146, 259\u2013266 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"23979_CR31","unstructured":"Socrates, G. Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies: Tables and Charts (Wiley, 2004)."},{"issue":"8","key":"23979_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MH01585H","volume":"11","author":"SM Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park, S. M. & Yoon, D. K. Evaporation-induced self-assembly of liquid crystal biopolymers. Mater. Horiz. 11 (8), 1843\u20131866 (2024).","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz"},{"issue":"10","key":"23979_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907941","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201907941","volume":"32","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu, Y. et al. Evaporation-induced vertical alignment enabling directional ion transport in a 2D-nanosheet-based battery electrode. Adv. Mater. 32 (10), 1907941 (2020).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"5181","key":"23979_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7522347","volume":"265","author":"A Bensimon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bensimon, A. et al. Alignment and sensitive detection of DNA by a moving interface. Science 265 (5181), 2096\u20132098 (1994).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"23979_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1021\/am3026739","volume":"5","author":"S Thiemann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thiemann, S. et al. High-mobility ZnO Nanorod field-effect transistors by self-alignment and electrolyte-gating. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 5 (5), 1656\u20131662 (2013).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"23979_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2023.122384","volume":"385","author":"S Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim, S. et al. Directed alignment of graphene-oxide liquid crystals in confined spaces: effects of flow, Pickering stabilization, and phase transition. J. Mol. Liq. 385, 122384 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq"},{"key":"23979_CR37","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Artificial Antibodies for the Environmental Health","author":"Y Saylan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saylan, Y. et al. Overview of molecular recognition and the concept of MIPs. In Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Artificial Antibodies for the Environmental Health (eds. Patra, S. & Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, M.) 1\u201329 (Springer, 2024)."},{"key":"23979_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/10587259408036075","volume":"254","author":"V Percec","year":"1994","unstructured":"Percec, V. et al. Molecular recognition directed self-assembly of supramolecular liquid crystals. Mol. Cryst. Liq Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A. 254, 137\u2013196 (1994).","journal-title":"Mol. Cryst. Liq Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A"},{"key":"23979_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshizawa, A. et al. SPIE,. Molecular organization by head-to-tail recognition for polar liquid crystals. In Liquid Crystals VII 5213, 78\u201386 (2004).","DOI":"10.1117\/12.509185"},{"key":"23979_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1039\/b612122p","volume":"36","author":"RP Lemieux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lemieux, R. P. Molecular recognition in chiral smectic liquid crystals: the effect of core\u2013core interactions and chirality transfer on Polar order. Chem. Soc. Rev. 36, 2033\u20132045 (2007).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"23979_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1126\/science.253.5020.637","volume":"253","author":"I Weissbuch","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weissbuch, I. et al. Molecular recognition at crystal interfaces. Science 253, 637\u2013645 (1991).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"23979_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, R. C. & Rodr\u00edguez-Hornedo, N. Solvent effects on the crystallization and Preferential nucleation of carbamazepine anhydrous polymorphs: a molecular recognition perspective. Org. Process. Res. Dev. 13, 1291\u20131300 (2009).","DOI":"10.1021\/op900133z"},{"issue":"8","key":"23979_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst13081206","volume":"13","author":"P Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi, P. et al. Research progress on the molecular mechanism of polymorph nucleation in solution: a perspective. Crystals 13 (8), 1206 (2023).","journal-title":"Crystals"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23979-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23979-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23979-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T21:08:46Z","timestamp":1763413726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-23979-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-23979-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6657699\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40129"}}